Lihat sumber Wahana

{{arti lain|Wahana dapat juga berarti [[kendaraan]]}}
{{Hindu}}
'''Wahana''' {{Sanskerta|वहन|Vahana}} adalah makhluk atau benda yang menjadi kendaraan milik salah satu [[Dewa (Hindu)|Dewa]] dalam [[Mitologi India kuno]]. Kata "Vah" dalam [[bahasa Sanskerta]] berarti "membawa" atau "mengangkut".

Para Dewa hampir selalu memiliki hewan sebagai wahana. Wahana kadang kala hewan nyata, kadang kala dalam [[mitologi]], dan kangkala hewan campuran. Kendaraan [[Agni]], [[Kama]], dan [[Durga]] masing-masing adalah domba jantan, burung kakatua, dan macan atau singa. [[Garuda]], wahana Dewa [[Wisnu]], adalah makhluk setengah manusia, setengah elang. [[Makara]], wahana milik [[Baruna]] dan [[Gangga]], adalah monster laut yang merupakan gabungan dari buaya, gajah, tapir, dan kura-kura.

== Makna ==

Dalam penggambaran, wahana merupakan lambang sekaligus emblem dari Dewa yang diangkutnya. [[Nandi]] sang lembu, wahana Dewa [[Siwa]], melambangkan kekuatan dan kejantanan. [[Parwani]] sang merak, wahana Dewa [[Skanda]], melambangkan keindahan dan keagungan. Angsa, kendaraan [[Saraswati]], melambangkan kebijaksanaan, kecantikan, dan keindahan.

Sebagai asisten Dewa, wahana melaksanakan kewajibannya sebagai pelipat ganda kekuatan Dewa. [[Durga]] tidak mampu membinasakan raksasa [[Mahishasura]] tanpa bantuan kendaraannya, yaitu [[Manashthala]] sang singa. [[Lakshmi]], Sang Dewi keberuntungan, membagikan kekayaan material maupun spiritual lewat kendaraannya, yaitu Uluka sang burung hantu. [[Ganesha]], penyingkir segala rintangan, tak bisa ke mana-mana meski kekuatannya seperti gajah. Namun wahananya, yaitu [[Mushika]] sang tikus, mampu menyusup lewat celah kecil dan mengatasi rintangan terbesar. Ia juga membawa berkah Dewa Ganesha.

<!--Sebagai binatang, the vahana symbolizes the evil forces over which the deity dominates. Mounted on Parvani, Skanda reins in the peacock's vanity. Seated on Mushika, Ganesh crushes useless thoughts, which multiply like rats in the dark. Shani, protector of property, has a raven in which he represses thieving tendencies. Under Shani's influence, the raven can make even malevolent events bring hope.

Tradition also says that all human beings have the task of and the destiny of becoming the vahana of God.-->
== Asal-mula ==

Wahana seorang Dewa dapat berbeda-beda tergantung dari sumber, waktu, dan tempatnya. Dalam tradisi populer, asal usul setiap wahana diceritakan dengan ribuan kisah yang berbeda-beda.

<!--While Ganesh was still a child, a giant mouse began to terrorize all his friends. Ganesh trapped him with his lasso and made him his mount. Mushika was originally a gandharva, or celestial musician. After absentmindedly walking over the feet of rishi, Vamadeva, he was cursed and transformed into a mouse. However, after the sage had calmed down, he promised him that one day, the gods themselves would bow down before him. This came to pass when his path crossed Ganesh's.

Murugan, the first form of Skanda in Southern India, is also mounted on a peacock. This peacock was originally a demon called Surapadma. After provoking Murugan in combat, the demon repented at the moment his lance descended upon him. He took the form of a tree and began to pray. The tree was cut in two. From one half, Murugan pulled a rooster, which he made his emblem, and from the other, a peacock, which he made his mount.

Before becoming the vahana of Shiva, Nandi was a deity called Nandikeshvara, lord of joy and master of music and dance. Then, without warning, his name and his functions were transferred to Shiva under his aspect, Nataraja. From half-man, half-bull, he became simply a bull. Since that time, he has watched over each of Shiva's temples, always looking towards him.-->
== Daftar wahana ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Wahana 
! Dewa
! Gambar
|-
| [[Tikus]] (bernama Mushika)    || 
* [[Ganesha]] 
|| [[Berkas:Thajavur Ganesha.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Kuda]]    || 
* [[Budha]]
* [[Rewanta]]
* [[Chandra]] (kereta pertempuran yang dikendarai oleh sepuluh kuda putih),
* [[Indra]] (kereta pertempuran yang dikendarai oleh kuda yang bernama [[Uccaihsrawa]]-gambar),
* [[Surya]] (kereta pertempuran yang dikendarai oleh tujuhkuda atau kuda berkepala tujuh),
* [[Kalki]]
|| [[Berkas:Uchchaihshravas1.jpg|100px]]  
|-
| [[Garuda]]  (gambar) || 
* [[Wisnu]]
* [[Kresna]]
* [[Matrika]]
|| [[Berkas:Garuda by Hyougushi in Delhi.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Domba]] ||
* [[Agni]] (gambar) 
|| [[Berkas:Agni god of fire.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Nandi]] (gambar) || 
* [[Siwa]]
* [[Parwati]]
* [[Matrika|Maheswari]]
|| [[Berkas:Nandi Stone Sculpture Pataleshwar Pune.JPG|100px]]
|-
| [[Merak]]    || 
* [[Kartikeya]] (bernama Parwani, gambar), 
* [[Saraswati]]<ref name="HDSara">[http://www.hindudevotion.com/saraswati.html Hindu Devotion: Saraswati]. Accessed August 10, 2007.</ref> 
* [[Matrika|Kaumari]]
|| [[Berkas:Murugan by Raja Ravi Varma.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Anjing]] || 
* [[Bairawa]]
* [[Hadkai Maa]]
|| [[Berkas:Bhairava Brahma.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Angsa]] ||  
* [[Brahma]]
* [[Saraswati]],<ref name="GLOSSARY"/> 
* [[Brahmani]], Hingraj Mata 
|| [[Berkas:CrystalGoose.JPG|100px]]
|-
| [[Makara]]  || 
* [[Gangga (dewi)|Gangga]]
* [[Baruna]] (gambar)
* [[Kama]] 
|| [[Berkas:Varunadeva.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Harimau]]     || 
* [[Durga]] atau [[Parwati]] (gambar)
|| [[Berkas:Durga Mahisasuramardini.JPG|100px]]
|-
| [[Singa]]     || 
* [[Durga]] atau [[Parvati]]
* [[Rahu]] (singa berwarna hitam atau biru)
* [[Jagaddhatri]] (gambar)
|| [[Berkas:2006-11-01 Jagaddhatripuja5 06 009.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Gajah]] ||  
* [[Laksmi]]<ref name="GLOSSARY"/><ref name="HDLak">[http://www.hindudevotion.com/lakshmi.html Hindu Devotion: Lakshmi].  Accessed August 10, 2007.</ref> 
* [[Indra]] (gajah bernama [[Airawata]], gambar), 
* [[Saci|Indrani]]
* [[Brihaspati]]
* [[Ayyappan]]
|| [[Berkas:Indradeva.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Bayan (burung)]]     || [[Kama]] || [[Berkas:Kamadeva1.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Antelope]]  ||  
* [[Chandra]] (kereta pertempuran)
* [[Bayu]] (gambar) 
|| [[Berkas:Vayu.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Kerbau air]]||   
* [[Yama (Hindu)|Yama]] (gambar)
* [[Varahi]], Vihot Mata
|| [[Berkas:Yama on buffalo.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Kucing]]<ref>Margaret Stutley's ''The Illustrated Dictionary of Hindu Iconography'', p. 127</ref>    || [[Shashti (dewi)|Shashti]] || [[Berkas:Shasti.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Keledai]]     || 
* [[Navadurga]]
* [[Shitala]] (gambar)
* [[Kali]] 
|| [[Berkas:Shitala.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Burung hantu]]     || [[Laksmi]]<ref name="GLOSSARY"/><ref name="HDLak"/> (pictured with the owl on her right), [[Chamunda]] || [[Berkas:Lakshmi 02349.JPG|100px]]
|-
| [[Burung elang]]     || [[Ketu]] || [[Berkas:Ketu graha.JPG|100px]]
|-
| [[Burung bangkai]]   ||  [[Sani]]<ref name="HV">[http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/vehicles/3834.htm Holy Vehicles: Shani].  Accessed August 10, 2007.</ref> || [[Berkas:Shani graha.JPG|100px]]
|-
| [[Burung gagak]]     || 
* [[Shani]]
* [[Alakshmi]]
* [[Dhumavati]] (gambar) 
|| [[Berkas:Dhumavati.JPG|100px]] 
|-
| [[Kura-kura]]     || 
* [[Yamuna]]
* [[Baruna]]
|| [[Berkas:Yamuna, personificazione del fiume sacro yamuna, IX sec.JPG|100px]]
|-
|[[Ayam]] || [[Bahuchara Mata]] || [[Berkas:Bahuchara.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Sapi]]  ||  [[Ushas]] || -
|-
| [[Ular]]     || [[Kamakhya]], [[Manasa]] || -
|-
| [[Burung merpati]]     || [[Rati]] || -
|-
| [[Kambing]]     || [[Pushan]] || -
|-
| [[Buaya]]     || [[Shukra]], [[Varuna]] || -
|-
|[[Unta]] || Momai Maa (aka Dashaa Maa), Ushtravahini Devi, Kalyana Anajaneya || -
|-
| Manusia  ||  Nirriti || [[Berkas:Nairruti on man.jpg|100px]]
|}

== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hindu makhluk}}

[[Kategori:Mitologi Hindu]]
[[Kategori:Makhluk dalam mitologi Hindu]]