Diskriminasi ras
Diskriminasi ras adalah istilah yang mengacu kepada diskriminasi terhadap seseorang atau sekelompok orang atas dasar ras mereka. Kebijakan segregasi ras dapat meresmikan tindakan diskriminasi ini, tetapi hal semacam itu juga sering kali diberlakukan tanpa melalui undang-undang.
Tempat kerja
[sunting | sunting sumber]Diskriminasi ras di tempat kerja dapat dibagi menjadi dua kategori:[1]
- Perlakuan berbeda: kebijakan majikan mendiskriminasi berdasarkan ciri-ciri ras, seperti warna kulit, mata, atau rambut, dan bentuk-bentuk wajah tertentu;
- Dampak berbeda: walaupun majikan tidak berniat mendiskriminasi atas dasar ras, kebijakannya masih berdampak buruk terhadap ras tertentu
Dampak terhadap kesehatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Hasil penelitian telah menunjukkan keterkaitan antara diskriminasi ras dengan dampak buruk terhadap kesehatan jasmani dan rohani.[2] Buktinya berasal dari berbagai negara, termasuk Amerika Serikat,[3][4][5][6] Britania Raya,[7] dan Selandia Baru.[8]
Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Larson, Aaron (10 January 2017). "Racial Discrimination Law". ExpertLaw. ExpertLaw.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-07-23. Diakses tanggal 16 August 2017.
- ^ Pascoe, EA; Smart Richman, L (July 2009). "Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review". Psychological Bulletin. 135 (4): 531–54. doi:10.1037/a0016059. PMC 2747726
. PMID 19586161.
- ^ Williams, David R.; Mohammed, Selina A. (22 November 2008). "Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research". Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 32 (1): 20–47. doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0. PMC 2821669 .
- ^ Landrine, H.; Klonoff, E. A. (1 May 1996). "The Schedule of Racist Events: A Measure of Racial Discrimination and a Study of Its Negative Physical and Mental Health Consequences". Journal of Black Psychology. 22 (2): 144–168. doi:10.1177/00957984960222002.
- ^ Sellers, Robert M.; Copeland-Linder, Nikeea; Martin, Pamela P.; Lewis, R. L'Heureux (June 2006). "Racial Identity Matters: The Relationship between Racial Discrimination and Psychological Functioning in African American Adolescents". Journal of Research on Adolescence. 16 (2): 187–216. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00128.x.
- ^ Williams, David R.; Neighbors, Harold W.; Jackson, James S. (February 2003). "Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Health: Findings From Community Studies". American Journal of Public Health. 93 (2): 200–208. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.2.200. PMC 2518588 .
- ^ Wallace, Stephanie; Nazroo, James; B?cares, Laia (July 2016). "Cumulative Effect of Racial Discrimination on the Mental Health of Ethnic Minorities in the United Kingdom". American Journal of Public Health. 106 (7): 1294–1300. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303121.
- ^ Harris, Ricci; Tobias, Martin; Jeffreys, Mona; Waldegrave, Kiri; Karlsen, Saffron; Nazroo, James (June 2006). "Effects of self-reported racial discrimination and deprivation on Māori health and inequalities in New Zealand: cross-sectional study". The Lancet. 367 (9527): 2005–2009. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68890-9.
Daftar pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Arrow, Kenneth J. (Spring 1998). "What Has Economics to Say about Racial Discrimination?". The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 12 (2): 91–100. doi:10.1257/jep.12.2.91. JSTOR 2646963.