Elaine

An opinionated, local-first, CLI reference manager for LaTeX / BibTeX users.
Deterministic metadata. Explicit libraries. Local documents, on your terms.

Elaine — CLI Reference Management for Researchers

Elaine is a lightweight command-line reference manager designed for researchers, engineers, and writers who:

• write LaTeX directly
• want deterministic BibTeX
• want full local ownership
• want references to behave like code and data

Elaine does not try to be a PDF library, a cloud sync tool, or a PDF hoarder. It focuses on one thing: managing references cleanly and compiling reliable .bib files.

Why Elaine exists

Most reference managers:

• Store PDFs you don’t need
• Depend on cloud sync
• Hide metadata behind GUIs
• Produce noisy or unstable BibTeX

Elaine takes a different approach:

• References are atomic YAML files
• Libraries are explicit collections
• BibTeX output is deterministic
• Everything is local, transparent, and versionable

Core ideas

Reference atoms

Each reference is a single YAML file:

.elaine/refs/<reference-id>.yaml

References are:

• atomic
• editable
• diffable
• reusable across libraries

Each reference has:

• a semantic ID (human-readable, derived)
• an opaque SID (UUID v4, stable and collision-free)

Libraries

Libraries are explicit collections of references:

.elaine/libraries/<library>.yaml

A reference can belong to multiple libraries without duplication.

Libraries also have opaque SIDs.

Selectors (IDs & SIDs)

Anywhere Elaine expects a reference or library, you may use:

• full ID
• full SID
• unique prefix of either

Examples:

eln edit rush1988
eln open 55b3ed28
eln pin 9c2128b9 crystal
eln lib ef67
eln lib crystal
eln lib --delete d084

Ambiguous prefixes are rejected explicitly.

Attachments (PDFs, local artifacts)

Elaine supports linking local documents (e.g. PDFs) to references.

Attachments are:

• filesystem paths (absolute or relative)
• never copied, moved, or synced
• optional and explicit

Attach a document

eln attach <ref-selector> /path/to/paper.pdf

Open an attachment

eln open <ref-selector>

Opens the first attachment using the system default viewer.

Detach attachments

eln detach <ref-selector>        # remove first attachment
eln detach <ref-selector> 2      # remove attachment at index
eln detach <ref-selector> --all  # remove all attachments

In verbose status output, references with attachments are marked:

📄

Installation

From crates.io

cargo install elaine-cli

From source

cargo install --path . --force

Project layout

.elaine/
 ├── index.yaml              # active library pointer
 ├── libraries/
 │    └── <library>.yaml
 └── refs/
      └── <ref-id>.yaml

Everything is plain text (YAML).

Core commands

Initialize

eln init

Add references

BibTeX (stdin)

eln add < references.bib

Elaine parses, validates, and stores references atomically.

Manual

eln add "The Satanic Verses" "Rushdie, Salman" 1988

Interactive

eln add -i

Edit references

eln edit <ref-selector>

Interactive editing with safe ID reconciliation.

Libraries

eln lib <library>
eln lib
eln lib --delete <library-selector>

Deleting a library never deletes references.

Rename libraries

Libraries can be renamed safely without losing references:

eln lib --rename new_name

Renaming:

• updates the library file
• preserves the opaque SID
• keeps all references intact
• updates the active library pointer automatically

Status

eln status
eln status -v
eln status -vv
eln status --sort year

Status provides a hierarchical view of all libraries and their references.

Verbosity levels:

• eln status

  • libraries, reference counts, active marker

• eln status -v

  • reference IDs
  • short SIDs
  • attachment indicators (📄)

• eln status -vv

  • title
  • first author
  • year
  • attachments

Sorting:

eln status --sort id
eln status --sort title
eln status --sort author
eln status --sort year

Sorting affects reference order within each library.

Pin / unpin

eln pin <ref> [library]
eln unpin <ref> [library]

Unpinned references become orphaned, never auto-deleted.

Remove references

eln rm <ref>

Elaine prompts before deleting globally unused references.

Search (external lookup)

eln search <ref>

Search hierarchy:

1. DOI
2. Stored URL
3. Semantic Scholar
4. General web search

Results are links, not imports.

Print bibliography

1. Active library

eln printed

Generates a deterministic BibTeX file for the active library:

<library>_references.bib

The same content is also printed to stdout.

2. Multiple libraries (set union)

eln printed libraryA libraryB

Generates a single BibTeX file containing the union of references across the specified libraries:

libraryA+libraryB_references.bib

If the same reference appears in multiple libraries, it is emitted once.

3. Global bibliography

eln printed --all

Generates a global bibliography containing all references across all libraries:

global_references.bib

This file is always named explicitly to avoid overwriting curated library-level bibliographies.

Example Workflow

eln init
eln lib machine_learning

eln add < references.bib
eln add "No Free Lunch Theorems" "Wolpert, D.H. and Macready, W.G." 1997
eln add -i

eln status
eln printed

# Multi-library bibliography
eln printed machine_learning background

# Global bibliography (all libraries)
eln printed --all

Design principles

Elaine is built around a few non-negotiables:

• Local-first — no cloud, no accounts
• Deterministic output — same input, same .bib
• Opinionated parsing — explicit rules, no silent failure
• Minimal surface area — fewer commands, fewer flags
• Researcher-friendly — works with Git, LaTeX, and editors
• Explicit scope — global and multi-library actions are always opt-in
• No hidden state — orphaned references are surfaced explicitly

Roadmap

• Attachment metadata (page count, checksum)
• $EDITOR integration
• Validation / linting (eln check)
• Reference listing / filtering
• Optional metadata enrichment

License

MIT License