Caliak sumber untuak Palestina

{{untuk|nagara Palestina|Nagara Palestina}}
{{disambig info}}
{{Location map+ | Israel
| AlternativeMap = Historical boundaries of Palestine (plain).svg
| caption = {{legend|border=darkgreen solid|white|Bateh-bateh [[Syria Palaestina]] Romawi, sadangkan garis hijau putuih-putuih manunjuakan bateh antaro [[Palaestina Prima]] Romawi Timua (kamudian manjadi [[Jund Filastin]]) jo [[Palaestina Secunda]] (kamudian manjadi [[Jund al-Urdunn]]), sarato [[Palaestina Salutaris]] (kamudian menjadi Jabal at-Tih jo Jifar)}}
{{legend|border=darkred solid|white|Bateh-bateh [[Mandat Britania ateh Palestina]]}}
{{legend|border=blue dotted|white|Bateh-bateh [[Negara Palestina]] ([[Tapi Baraik]] jo [[Jalur Gaza]])}}
| alt= Palestine is located in Asia
}}
'''Palestina''' ({{lang-ar| فلسطين}} {{transl|ar|''Filasṭīn''}}, {{transl|ar|''Falasṭīn''}}, {{transl|ar|''Filisṭīn''}}; {{lang-el|Παλαιστίνη}}, ''Palaistinē''; {{lang-la|Palaestina}}; [[bahaso Ibrani]]: פלשתינה ''Palestina'') adolah sabuah wilayah geografis di [[Timua Tangah]] antaro [[Lauik Tangah]] jo [[Sungai Yordan]]. Namo "Palestina" digunoan dek panulih-panulih [[Yunani Kuno]], jo kamudian digunoan untuak provinsi Romawi [[Suriah (provinsi Romawi|Syria Palaestina]], provinsi Romawi Timur [[Palaestina Prima]] jo provinsi Umayyah jo Abbasiyah [[Jund Filastin]]. Wilayah iko dikenal juo sabagai [[Tanah Israel]] ([[bahasa Ibrani]]: ארץ־ישראל ''Eretz-Yisra'el''),<ref name="Gideon Biger 2004">{{cite book|author = Gideon Biger|title = The Boundaries of Modern Palestine, 1840–1947|at = passim|year = 2004|publisher = RoutledgeCurzon}}</ref> [[Tanah Suci]], [[Levant Salatan]]<ref name="de Geus, 2003, p. 7">de Geus, 2003, p. 7.</ref>, [[:en:Cisjordan|Cisjordan]], jo sacaro historis dikenal jo namo-namo lainnyo misalnyo [[Kanaan]], [[Suriah Salatan]] jo [[Kerajaan Yerusalem]].

Talatak di lokasi nan strategis, di antaro [[Mesir]], [[Suriah Raya|Suriah]] jo [[Jazirah Arab]], jo tampek lahianyo [[Agamo Yahudi]] jo [[Kakristenan]], wilayah iko mampunyoi sijarah nan panjang jo riuh sabagai pasimpangan untuak agamo, budayo, padagangan jo politik. Wilayah iko alah dikuasai dek babagai bangsa, yaitu: [[Urang Mesir Kuno]], Urang [[Kanaan]], [[Bani Israil]], [[Orang Assyiria]], Urang [[Babilonia]], [[Kakaisaran Akhemeniyah|Urang Farsi]], Urang [[Yunani Kuno]], Urang [[Romawi Kuno|Romawi]], Urang [[Kakaisaran Romawi Timua|Romawi Timua]], [[Khalifah|Kakhalifahan Arab]] [[Sunni]], [[Kakhalifahan Fatimiyah]] [[Syi'ah]], [[Parang Salib|Urang Salibi]], [[Dinasti Ayyubiyyah|Ayyubiyyah]], [[Mamluk]], [[Turki Utsmani]], [[Urang Britania]], [[Urang Israel]] modern jo [[Bangsa Palestina]].

Bateh-bateh dari wilayah iko salalu barubah sapanjang sijarah, jo tarakhia kali ditatapkan pado zaman modern dek [[Pasatujuan bateh Parancih-Britania (1920)]] jo [[Nota Transyordania]] (tanggal 16 September 1922), salamo [[Mandat Britania ateh Palestina|pariode Mandat Palestina]].<ref name="Books.google.co.uk">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&pg=PA453|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, Bruce Alan Masters, Gábor Ágoston|publisher=Books.google.co.uk|date=|accessdate=17 August 2012}}</ref> Kini, wilayah iko tadiri dari [[Negara Israel]] jo [[Negara Palestina]].<ref name="Books.google.co.uk" />

== Etimologi ==
{{Untuk|Definisi Palestina|Linimasa nama Palestina}}

Istilah ''Peleset'' (Transliterasi dari [[Hieroglif Mesir]] sabagai ''P-r-s-t'') basobok di babagai dokumen Mesir nan merujuak kapado sabuah bangsa atau tanah nan badakekan, bamulo dari sakitar taun 1150 SM salamo [[Dinasti kaduo puluah Mesir]]. Panyabuikan partamo dipakiroan ado di dalam teks-teks dari [[Kuil Medinet Habu]], nan marekam sabuah bangsa nan disabuik Peleset ado di antaro [[Bangsa Lauik]], nan manyerbu Mesir pado maso bakuasonya [[Ramses III]],<ref name=Fahlbuschp185>Fahlbusch et al., 2005, p. 185.</ref> kamudian diikuiki dek sabuah ukiran pado [[Patuang Padiiset]]. [[Urang Assyria]] manyabuik wilayah iko sabagai ''Palashtu'' atau ''Pilistu'', dimulai [[Adad-nirari III]] pado Lempeng Nimrod sakitar taun 800 SM, sampai kaisar [[Sargon II]], dalam hikayaiknyo sakitar 1 abaik satalah Lempeng Nimrod.<ref name=ehrlich>Carl S. Ehrlich "Philistines" ''The Oxford Guide to People and Places of the Bible''. Ed. Bruce M. Metzger and Michael D. Coogan. Oxford University Press, 2001.</ref><ref name=Sharonp4>Sharon, 1988, p. 4.</ref><ref name=Roomp285 />

== Geografi ==
[[Berkas:Nyt1917ottomanpalestinemap.png|jmpl|ka|Peta Palestina sabagai nagara baru dari Kakhilafahan Ottoman Turki, nan dimuek dek New York Tribune pado 17 Juni 1917.]]
[[Berkas:Hebrew Arabic English road signs.jpg|jmpl|Papan namo dalam tribahaso di Palestina]]
[[Berkas:Topography of Palestine.jpg|jmpl|Topografi Palestina|pra=Special:FilePath/Topography_of_Palestine.jpg]]

Palestina talatak di bagian barat benua [[Asia]] nan mambantang antaro garih lintang meridian 15-34 dan 40-35 ka arah timur, jo antari garih lintang meridian 30-29 dan 15-33 ka arah utara.

Palestina mambantuak bagian tenggara dari kasatuan geografis nan gadang di balahan timur dunia [[Arab]] nan disabuik jo nagari Syam. Salain Palestina, nagari Syam tadiri dari [[Lebanon]], [[Suriah]] jo [[Yordania]]. Pado awalnyo nagaro-nagaro iko punyo pabatasan nan kolektif di lua pabatasannyo jo [[Mesir]].

Pabatasan Palestina dimulai dari Lebanon di Ras El-Nakoura di wilayah [[Lauik Tangah]] (Lauik Mediterania) jo garih luruih mangarah ka timur sampai ka daerah di dakek kota ketek Lebanon iyolah kota Bent Jubayel, di mano garih pamisah antaro kaduo nagaro iko miriang ka Utara jo suduik nan hampia luruih. Pado titik iko, pabatasan barado mangitari mato aia [[Sungai Yordan]] nan manjadi bagian dari Palestina dalam jalan ketek nan mambatasinyo dari wilayah Timur jo wilayah Suriah jo danau Al Hola, Lout jo Tabariyya.

Pabatasan jo Yordania dimulai di wilayah selatan danau Tabariyya pado pambuangan sungai Al Yarmouk. Taruih sapanjang Sungai Yordan. Dari mato aia [[Sungai Yordan]], pabatasan iko ka arah Selatan mambalah patangahan Lauik Mati sacaro geometrikal jo lembah Araba, hinggo sampai pado daerah Aqaba.

Pabatasan jo Mesir dapek digambaran jo garih nan hampia mambantuak garih luruih nan mambalah antaro daerah semi-pulau Seena jo padang pasia Al Naqab. Pabatasan iko dimulai di Rafah di Lauik Tangah hinggo sampai ka daerah Taba di Teluk Aqaba.

Di bagian Barat, Palestina talatak di sabalah paaiaan lapeh internasional dari [[Lauik Tangah]] jo jarak sakitar 250&nbsp;km dari Ras El-Nakoura di balah selatan hinggo Rafah di bagian salatan.

Karano lokasinya talatak di patangahan nagaro-nagaro Arab, Palestina mambantuak kombinasi geografis nan natural jo humanistik bagi medan terestrial nan laweh nan mamuek kahidupan urang-urang asli Badui di wilayah selatan jo gaya panduduakan nan alah lamo di bagian utara. Tanah Palestina punyo kaistimewaan dibandiang jo daerah lain karano marupoan bagian dari tampek diturunkannyo sadoalah agamo samawi, tampek di mano paradaban kuno muncua, manjadi jambatan aktivitas komersial jo tampek panyusupan ekspedisi militer di sapanjang era basijarah nan babeda. Lokasi strategis nan dinikmati Palestina mamungkinkannyo untuak manjadi faktor panghubuang antaro babagai benua bagi dunia kuno Asia, Afrika jo Eropa. Palestina manjadi tampek nan dijadikan pintu masuak juo bagi pajalanan ka nagaro-nagaro tetangga. Inyo manjadi jambatan panghubuang bagi manusia sajak dulu kala, sabagaimano inyo menikmati juo lokasi sentral (Pusek) nan mamikek sabagian urang nan nio bamukim jo hiduik dalam kamakmuran.

== Pamarintahan ==
Pada saat iko daerah Palestina tabagi manjadi duo entitas politik:
* Daerah nagaro [[Israel]]
* Daerah [[Otoritas Nasional Palestina]], iyolah sabagian gadang [[Tapi Baraik]] jo saluruah [[Jalur Gaza]]

== Sijarah ==
{{utama|Konflik Israel jo Palestina}}

== Caliak pulo ==
* [[Organisasi Pambebasan Palestina]]
* [[Yasser Arafat]]
* [[Konflik Israel jo Palestina]]
* [[Hamas]]
* [[Israel]]

== Referensi ==
<references />

== Pranala lua ==
* Pusek Informasi Palestina [http://www.infopalestina.com/]
* Sijarah Palestina jo Rakyaiknyo [http://www.dakwatuna.com/tag/sejarah-palestina/]
* WAFA – kantua berita Palestina [http://english.wafa.ps/]
* Palestine.ma [http://freepalestine.free.fr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629102133/http://freepalestine.free.fr/ |date=2007-06-29 }}
* The Palestine Chronicle [http://www.palestinechronicle.com/]
* Welcome to Palestine [http://www.palestine-net.com]
* The Hope Simpson Report (London, 1930) [http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/e3ed8720f8707c9385256d19004f057c!OpenDocument]
* Palestine Royal Commission Report (the Peel Report) (London, 1937) [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/peel1.html]
* Report to the Council of the League of Nations (1928) [http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/3d14c9e5cdaa296d85256cbf005aa3eb/a212ce7d6edb27c6052565d4005af973!OpenDocument] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005130923/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/3d14c9e5cdaa296d85256cbf005aa3eb/a212ce7d6edb27c6052565d4005af973!OpenDocument |date=2008-10-05 }}
* Report to the Council of the League of Nations (1929) [http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/38bed104db074b49052565e70054eb22!OpenDocument]
* Report to the Council of the League of Nations (1934) [http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/3d14c9e5cdaa296d85256cbf005aa3eb/a212ce7d6edb27c6052565d4005af973!OpenDocument] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005130923/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/3d14c9e5cdaa296d85256cbf005aa3eb/a212ce7d6edb27c6052565d4005af973!OpenDocument |date=2008-10-05 }}
* Report to the Council of the League of Nations (1935) [http://domino.un.org/UNISPAl.NSF/3d14c9e5cdaa296d85256cbf005aa3eb/b672dc87b2d50447052565d4005173df!OpenDocument] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005170211/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAl.NSF/3d14c9e5cdaa296d85256cbf005aa3eb/b672dc87b2d50447052565d4005173df!OpenDocument |date=2008-10-05 }}
* [http://www.mideastweb.org/palpop.htm www.mideastweb.org – A website with a wealth of statistics regarding population in Palestine]
* [http://www.drberlin.com/palestine/ Coins and Banknotes of Palestine under the British Mandate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625124325/http://www.drberlin.com/palestine/ |date=2007-06-25 }}
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/ WorldStatesmen- Maps, flags, chronology, see Israel and Palestinian National Authority]
* [http://www.hweb.org.uk/content/view/69/3/ hWeb – Israel-Palestine in Maps] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430234538/http://www.hweb.org.uk/content/view/69/3/ |date=2008-04-30 }}
* [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Palestine Palestine Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project
* [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Palestine 1911 Encyclopedia description of Palestine]
* [http://www.ldfp.eu/ Liberal Democrat Friends of Palestine]
* [http://www.un.org/Depts/dpa/ngo/history.html History of the Palestine Problem, UN website]

; Peta
* [http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/sykes-picot-1916.gif Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621152059/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/sykes-picot-1916.gif |date=2007-06-21 }}
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/israel/images/israel04.jpg 1947 UN Partition Plan]
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/israel/images/israel05.jpg 1949 Armisitice Lines]
* [http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/israel-post-armstice-1949.gif Israel After 1949 Armistice Agreements] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621152101/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/israel-post-armstice-1949.gif |date=2007-06-21 }}
* [http://www.ldfp.eu/Maps.html Liberal Democrat Friends of Palestine]
* [http://www.ottomanpalestine.com/ The Ottoman Palestine Pictures]

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* Stearns, Peter N. {{worldhistory}}
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* [[UNSCOP]] [http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/07175de9fa2de563852568d3006e10f3!OpenDocument Report to the General Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401144548/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/07175de9fa2de563852568d3006e10f3!OpenDocument |date=2009-04-01 }}
* Westermann, ''Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte''. ISBN 3-07-509520-6
* Whitelam, Keith (1997). ''The Invention of Ancient Israel: The Silencing of Palestinian History'', Routledge, ISBN 0-415-10759-8, ISBN 978-0-415-10759-4
* ''Buku Ensiklopedia Indonesia''.
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{{Commons category|Palestine}}
{{Commons category|Israel}}
{{Wikivoyage|Israel}}
{{Wikivoyage|Palestinian Territories}}

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