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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Edward IV
| more = england
| name = Edward IV
| image = King Edward IV.jpg
| caption = Posthumous painting, {{circa}} 1540
| title = King of England; Lord of Ireland
| succession = [[List of English monarchs|King of England]]
| more = en
| moretext = ([[Style of the British sovereign#English sovereigns|more...]])
| image = Edward4.jpg
| reign-type = First reign
| imgw = 229
| coronation = 28 June 1461
| succession = [[King of England]]
| cor-type = britain
| moretext = (1st Reign)
| reign = 4 March 1461 — 3 October 1470
| reign = 4 March 1461 – 31 October 1470<br>{{age in years and days/years|{{age | 1461 | 3 | 4 | 1470 | 10 | 31}}}}, {{age in years and days/days|{{age in days | {{#ifexpr: 10<3 | {{#expr:1470-1}} | {{#ifexpr:10=3 | {{#ifexpr:31<4 | {{#expr:1470-1}} | 1470}} | 1470}}}} | 3 | 4 | 1470 | 10 | 31}}}}
| predecessor = [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]
| coronation = 28 June 1461
| predecessor = [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]
| successor = Henry VI
| reign-type1 = Second reign
| successor = [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]
| reign1 = 11 April 1471 — 9 April 1483
| succession1 = [[King of England]]
| moretext1 = (2nd Reign)
| reign1 = 11 April 1471 – 9 April 1483<br>{{age in years and days/years|{{age | 1471 | 4 | 11 | 1483 | 4 | 9}}}}, {{age in years and days/days|{{age in days | {{#ifexpr: 4<4 | {{#expr:1483-1}} | {{#ifexpr:4=4 | {{#ifexpr:9<11 | {{#expr:1483-1}} | 1483}} | 1483}}}} | 4 | 11 | 1483 | 4 | 9}}}}
| predecessor1 = [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]
| predecessor1 = [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]
| successor1 = [[Edward V of England|Edward V]]
| successor1 = [[Edward V of England|Edward V]]
| spouse = [[Elizabeth Woodville]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Elizabeth Woodville]]|1 May 1464}}
| issue = {{plainlist|
| issue = [[Elizabeth of York]]<br />[[Mary of York]]<br />[[Cecily of York]]<br />[[Edward V of England|Edward V]]<br />[[Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York|Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York]]<br />[[Anne of York, Countess of Surrey]]<br />[[Catherine of York]]<br />[[Bridget of York]]
* [[Elizabeth of York|Elizabeth, Queen of England]]
| issue-link = #Children
* [[Cecily of York|Cecily, Viscountess Welles]]
| issue-pipe = among others
* [[Edward V of England|Edward V, King of England]]
| house = [[House of York]]
| father = [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York|Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York]]
* [[Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York|Richard, Duke of York]]
* [[Anne of York (daughter of Edward IV)|Anne, Lady Howard]]
| mother = [[Cecily Neville]]
* [[George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Bedford|George, Duke of Bedford]]
| date of birth = {{birth date|1442|4|28|df=yes}}
* [[Catherine of York|Catherine, Countess of Devon]]
| place of birth = [[Rouen]], [[Normandy]]
* [[Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle|Arthur, Viscount Lisle]] ({{abbr|ill.|illegitimate}})
| date of death = {{death date|1483|4|9|df=yes}}<br>{{age in years and days/years|{{age | 1444 | 4 | 28 | 1483 | 4 | 9}}}}, {{age in years and days/days|{{age in days | {{#ifexpr: 4<4 | {{#expr:1483-1}} | {{#ifexpr:4=4 | {{#ifexpr:9<28 | {{#expr:1483-1}} | 1483}} | 1483}}}} | 4 | 28 | 1483 | 4 | 9}}}}
| place of death = [[Westminster]]
| place of burial = [[St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle|St George's Chapel]], [[Windsor Castle|Windsor]]
}}
}}
| issue-link = #Marriage and children
'''Edward IV of England''' was a [[king]] of [[England]]. He was born on April 28, 1442. He was [[King of England]] from March 4, 1461 until his death on April 9, 1483.
| issue-pipe = Among<br>others
| house = [[House of York|York]] ([[House of Plantagenet|Plantagenet]])
| father = [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York|Richard, Duke of York]]
| mother = [[Cecily Neville]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1442|4|28|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Rouen]], [[Normandy]], France
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1483|4|9|1442|4|28|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Westminster]], [[Middlesex]], England
| burial_date = 18 April 1483
| burial_place = [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle|St George's Chapel]]
| religion = [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]
| signature = Edward IV signature.svg
|title=His Very Royal Highness, King of England, Wales, and France, 4th Duke of Yorkshire and Lord of Ireland and France.|birth_name=Edward of Rouen, Son of The Duke.|regnal name=Edward IIII of The West European Kingdoms of France and England|house-type=House|occupation=King/Duke}}
'''Edward IV''' (28 April 1442 — 9 April 1483) was the [[List of English monarchs|King of England]] from 1461 until he was deposed in 1470, and again from 1471 when he was restored to the throne until his death in 1483. He was a main figure in the [[Wars of the Roses]]. The Wars of the Roses were a series of [[Civil war|civil wars]] in England. They were fought between the [[House of Plantagenet|Yorkist]] and [[House of Lancaster|Lancastrian]] groups between 1455 and 1487.


Edward was the eldest of the four sons of [[Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York]]. The Duke of York was a very powerful man, and had a claim to the throne of England. He became more popular than the existing king, [[Henry VI of England]], who was thought to be weak. When the duke tried to take the throne from Henry VI, the [[Wars of the Roses]] broke out. By the time Edward was eighteen, he and his brother [[Edmund, Earl of Rutland]], who was seventeen, were old enough to take part in the fighting, and Edward turned out to be a very good soldier. He was helped by [[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick]], a clever nobleman who fought for the Duke of York. At the [[Battle of Wakefield]] in 1460, Edward's father, and his brother Edmund, were both killed. As his father's heir, he now claimed the throne. In March 1461, he entered London with his army and was crowned king, although he was only nineteen. King Henry VI was put into prison.
Edward became the leader of the [[House of York]] when his father, [[Richard, Duke of York]] died at the [[Battle of Wakefield]] in December 1460. Edward and his forces beat the Lancastrian armies at [[Mortimer's Cross]] and [[Battle of Towton|Towton]] in early 1461. After this, he deposed [[Henry VI of England|King Henry VI]] and became King of England. In 1464, he [[marriage|married]] [[Elizabeth Woodville]]. This led to conflict with his chief advisor, [[Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick]], known as the "Kingmaker". Warwick wanted Edward to marry a princess from another country. In 1470, Warwick and Edward's brother [[George, Duke of Clarence]] led a revolt. They briefly [[Readeption of Henry VI|re-installed Henry VI]] as king.


Edward fled to [[Flanders]]. In Flanders, he gathered support. His forces invaded England in March 1471. After winning the battles of [[Battle of Barnet|Barnet]] and [[Battle of Tewkesbury|Tewkesbury]], he became king again. Soon after this, Henry VI was found dead in the [[Tower of London]]. Edward ruled in relative peace for the next twelve years. He died suddenly in April 1483. He was succeeded by his son [[Edward V]], but Edward IV's brother [[Richard III]] soon took the throne.
For a while, Edward ruled the country well, with help from the Earl of Warwick. Then Edward met a woman called [[Elizabeth Woodville]], whom he wanted to marry. The Earl of Warwick did not know about their romance, and he wanted King Edward to marry a foreign princess in order to make an [[alliance]] with another country, which would have made his position stronger. Elizabeth and Edward got married secretly in about 1464, and they had ten children in the nineteen years of their marriage.


[[File:Arms of Edward, 4th Duke of York.svg|thumb|left|Coat of Arms of Edward as Duke of York.]]
When the Earl of Warwick learned of Edward's marriage, he was angry. He grew even more angry as time went on, because Elizabeth's family became powerful and the king no longer respected Warwick as he had done in the beginning. In 1459 he rebelled against the king, with help from another of Edward's younger brothers, [[George, Duke of Clarence]]; George was married to the Earl of Warwick's elder daughter, Isabel. The rebels went to France and made an alliance with [[Margaret of Anjou|Queen Margaret]], who was the wife of King Henry VI. The Earl of Warwick managed to defeat King Edward in battle in 1471, and freed King Henry VI from prison. Henry was now king again, and Edward had to escape to [[Burgundy]], while his wife and children went into hiding.


[[File:Coat of Arms of Edward IV of England (1461-1483) Variant Motto 1.svg|thumb|left|Coat of Arms of Edward as King of England.]]
The Duke of Burgundy was married to Edward's sister Margaret, so he was willing to help raise more troops. When Edward returned to England, he defeated the Earl of Warwick in battle and killed him. Shortly afterwards, Queen Margaret and her son arrived in England. They were also defeated in battle by King Edward, and his throne was safe. To make sure of this, Edward arranged for King Henry VI to be killed.


== Popularity ==
While Edward was away in Burgundy, his wife Elizabeth had given birth to a son, Edward, who was given the title of [[Prince of Wales]]. He would be the next king. Edward ruled with help from his two brothers. George, who had once rebelled against him, was now loyal, and the youngest brother, [[Richard III of England|Richard, Duke of Gloucester]], had always been loyal. There were still quarrels between them and the powerful Woodville family. George and Richard also quarrelled with each other, and in the end King Edward had to put George in prison, where he died.
Edward was seen as a strong and popular king. He was also tall at {{convert|6|ft|4|in|cm|abbr=off}}. This was very tall for a man in the 15th century. The only taller monarch was the later [[Peter I of Russia]] who was {{convert|6|ft|8|in|cm|abbr=off}} tall.


==References==
Edward IV died very suddenly at the age of forty. His son became King [[Edward V of England]], but his reign did not last long. Edward's brother, Richard, thought that it would not be a good idea for a boy to be king, and he took the throne himself. No one really knows what happened to Edward's two sons, the [[Princes in the Tower]].
{{reflist}}
{{English monarchs}}


<ref name="weir">{{cite book |title=Britain's Royal Family: the Complete Genealogy |last=Alison |first=Weir |year=2008 |isbn=9780099539735 |page=135}}</ref>



[[Category:1442 births]]
{{English monarchs}}
[[Category:1483 deaths]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Edward 04 Of England}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Edward 04 Of England}}
[[Category:1442 births]]
[[Category:1483 deaths]]
[[Category:House of York]]
[[Category:House of York]]
[[Category:People from Rouen]]

[[Category:15th century in England]]
[[af:Eduard IV van Engeland]]
[[ar:إدوارد الرابع ملك إنجلترا]]
[[an:Eduardo IV d'Anglaterra]]
[[be:Эдуард IV]]
[[bg:Едуард IV]]
[[bs:Edvard IV, kralj Engleske]]
[[br:Edouarzh IV (Bro-Saoz)]]
[[ca:Eduard IV d'Anglaterra]]
[[cs:Eduard IV.]]
[[cy:Edward IV, brenin Lloegr]]
[[da:Edvard 4. af England]]
[[de:Eduard IV. (England)]]
[[et:Edward IV]]
[[el:Εδουάρδος Δ΄ της Αγγλίας]]
[[en:Edward IV of England]]
[[es:Eduardo IV de Inglaterra]]
[[eo:Eduardo la 4-a (Anglio)]]
[[eu:Eduardo IV.a Ingalaterrakoa]]
[[fa:ادوارد چهارم انگلستان]]
[[fr:Édouard IV d'Angleterre]]
[[ga:Éadbhard IV Shasana]]
[[ko:에드워드 4세]]
[[hr:Edvard IV.]]
[[id:Edward IV dari Inggris]]
[[is:Játvarður 4.]]
[[it:Edoardo IV d'Inghilterra]]
[[he:אדוארד הרביעי, מלך אנגליה]]
[[ka:ედუარდ IV]]
[[la:Eduardus IV (rex Angliae)]]
[[lv:Eduards IV Jorks]]
[[lt:Eduardas IV]]
[[hu:IV. Eduárd angol király]]
[[mk:Едвард IV]]
[[mr:एडवर्ड चौथा, इंग्लंड]]
[[arz:ادوارد الرابع ملك انجلترا]]
[[nl:Eduard IV van Engeland]]
[[ja:エドワード4世 (イングランド王)]]
[[no:Edvard IV av England]]
[[pl:Edward IV York]]
[[pt:Eduardo IV de Inglaterra]]
[[ro:Eduard al IV-lea al Angliei]]
[[ru:Эдуард IV]]
[[sk:Eduard IV. (Anglicko)]]
[[sr:Едвард IV Јорк]]
[[fi:Edvard IV]]
[[sv:Edvard IV av England]]
[[th:พระเจ้าเอ็ดเวิร์ดที่ 4 แห่งอังกฤษ]]
[[uk:Едуард IV]]
[[vi:Edward IV của Anh]]
[[yo:Edward Kẹrin Ilẹ̀gẹ̀ẹ́sì]]
[[zh:爱德华四世]]

Latest revision as of 13:25, 31 August 2024

Edward IV
His Very Royal Highness, King of England, Wales, and France, 4th Duke of Yorkshire and Lord of Ireland and France.
Posthumous painting, c. 1540
King of England
First reign4 March 1461 — 3 October 1470
Coronation28 June 1461
PredecessorHenry VI
SuccessorHenry VI
Second reign11 April 1471 — 9 April 1483
PredecessorHenry VI
SuccessorEdward V
BornEdward of Rouen, Son of The Duke.
(1442-04-28)28 April 1442
Rouen, Normandy, France
Died9 April 1483(1483-04-09) (aged 40)
Westminster, Middlesex, England
Burial18 April 1483
St George's Chapel
Spouse
​
(m. 1464)​
Issue
Among
others
Regnal name
Edward IIII of The West European Kingdoms of France and England
HouseYork (Plantagenet)
FatherRichard, Duke of York
MotherCecily Neville
ReligionRoman Catholicism
OccupationKing/Duke
SignatureEdward IV's signature

Edward IV (28 April 1442 — 9 April 1483) was the King of England from 1461 until he was deposed in 1470, and again from 1471 when he was restored to the throne until his death in 1483. He was a main figure in the Wars of the Roses. The Wars of the Roses were a series of civil wars in England. They were fought between the Yorkist and Lancastrian groups between 1455 and 1487.

Edward became the leader of the House of York when his father, Richard, Duke of York died at the Battle of Wakefield in December 1460. Edward and his forces beat the Lancastrian armies at Mortimer's Cross and Towton in early 1461. After this, he deposed King Henry VI and became King of England. In 1464, he married Elizabeth Woodville. This led to conflict with his chief advisor, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, known as the "Kingmaker". Warwick wanted Edward to marry a princess from another country. In 1470, Warwick and Edward's brother George, Duke of Clarence led a revolt. They briefly re-installed Henry VI as king.

Edward fled to Flanders. In Flanders, he gathered support. His forces invaded England in March 1471. After winning the battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury, he became king again. Soon after this, Henry VI was found dead in the Tower of London. Edward ruled in relative peace for the next twelve years. He died suddenly in April 1483. He was succeeded by his son Edward V, but Edward IV's brother Richard III soon took the throne.

Coat of Arms of Edward as Duke of York.
Coat of Arms of Edward as King of England.

Popularity

[change | change source]

Edward was seen as a strong and popular king. He was also tall at 6 feet 4 inches (193 centimetres). This was very tall for a man in the 15th century. The only taller monarch was the later Peter I of Russia who was 6 feet 8 inches (203 centimetres) tall.

References

[change | change source]

[1]


  1. ↑ Alison, Weir (2008). Britain's Royal Family: the Complete Genealogy. p. 135. ISBN 9780099539735.
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