Shihni burimin për Ku Klux Klan

{{Infobox
| title            = Ku Klux Klan
| image            = [[File:Flag of the Ku Klux Klan.svg|200px]]
| caption          = ''Flamuri Duke'', i përdorur nga disa në Klanin e Tretë dhe i emërtuar sipas liderit të dikurshëm të Klanit [[David Duke]]. [[#Blood Drop Cross|Kryqi i Pikës së Gjakut]] tregohet në qendër.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Flags of Our Ancestors – Flags of Extremism – Part 1 (a-m) |url=http://www.loeser.us/flags/hate.html |website=www.loeser.us |access-date=2 dhjetor 2022 |archive-date=12 janar 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112075546/http://www.loeser.us/flags/hate.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| label1           = Në ekzistencë
| data1            = {{ubl|'''First Klan:''' 1865–1872|'''Second Klan:''' 1915–1944|'''Third Klan:''' 1946/1950–present}}
| label2           = I themeluar më
| data2            = [[Pulaski, Tennessee]], U.S. (first Klan)<br />[[Stone Mountain, Georgia]], SHBA (Klani i Dytë dhe i Tretë)
| label3           = Anëtarët
| data3            = {{ubl|'''Klani i Parë:''' I Panjohur|'''Klani i Dytë:''' {{circa}} 3 milionë – 6 milionë<ref>McVeigh, Rory. "Structural Incentives for Conservative Mobilization: Power Devaluation and the Rise of the Ku Klux Klan, 1915–1925". ''Social Forces'', Vol. 77, No. 4 (June 1999), p. 1463.</ref><br />(kulmoi në 1924–1925)|'''Klani i tretë:''' c. 5,000–8,000<ref name="Ku Klux Klan">{{cite web|title=Ku Klux Klan|url=http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/ideology/ku-klux-klan|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|access-date=7 shkurt 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723072431/http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/ideology/ku-klux-klan|archive-date=23 korrik 2013}}</ref>}}
| label4           = Ideologjia politike
| data4            = {{flatlist|
* [[Racizmi kundër të zinjve]]
* [[Supremacia e bardhë]]
* [[Nacionalizmi i bardhë]]
* [[Vigjilantizmi]]
* [[Ndarja racore|Segregimi]]{{efn|The Ku Klux Klan opposed the civil rights and Black rights movements, and often killed Black people that either committed crimes, or simply exercised their rights of voting, owning guns, land, etc.<ref>Blow, Charles M. (January 7, 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/07/opinion/gun-control-and-white-terror.html "Gun Control and White Terror"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304044629/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/07/opinion/gun-control-and-white-terror.html |date=March 4, 2022 }}. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved March 3, 2022.</ref>}}
* [[Terrorizmi i krishterë]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Al-Khattar |first=Aref M. |title=Religion and terrorism: an interfaith perspective |url=https://archive.org/details/religionterroris0000alkh |publisher=Praeger |location=Westport, Connecticut |year=2003 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/religionterroris0000alkh/page/21 21], 30, 55}}</ref><ref>Michael, Robert, and Philip Rosen. ''Dictionary of antisemitism from the earliest times to the present''. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1997, p. 267.{{ISBN?}}</ref>
* [[Neo-Konfederatë|Neo-Konfederatizmi]]}}
 '''Pas 1915:'''{{flatlist|
* [[Nordicizmi]]
* [[Identiteti i krishterë]]<ref>Barkun, pp. 60–85.</ref>
* [[Populizmi i djathtë]]
* [[Konservatizmi shoqëror]]{{efn|KKK është përshkruar si [[Nativism (politics)|nativist]],{{sfn|Pegram|2011|pp=47–88}} si dhe [[anti-feminist]], [[anti-abort]],<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Dibranco |first=Alex |title=The Long History of the Anti-Abortion Movement's Links to White Supremacists |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/anti-abortion-white-supremacy/ |magazine=The Nation |quote=In 1985, the KKK began creating wanted posters listing personal information for abortion providers (doxing before the Internet age) ... Groups like the Confederate Knights of the Ku Klux Klan trafficked in rhetoric that mirrored that of the anti-abortion movement—with an anti-Semitic twist: 'More than ten million white babies have been murdered through Jewish-engineered legalized abortion since 1973 here in America and more than a million per year are being slaughtered this way.' |date=3 shkurt 2020 |access-date=9 qershor 2020 |archive-date=2 qershor 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602181321/https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/anti-abortion-white-supremacy/ |url-status=live }}</ref> dhe [[Retorika anti-LGBT|anti-LGBT]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ku Klux Klan distributes homophobic, antisemitic flyers targeting school board in Virginia |url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/06/18/ku-klux-klan-fanatics-distribute-antisemitic-homophobic-flyers-targeting-school-board-in-virginia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701022823/https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/06/18/ku-klux-klan-fanatics-distribute-antisemitic-homophobic-flyers-targeting-school-board-in-virginia/ |quote=Police in Virginia are investigating a series of violently antisemitic and homophobic flyers targeting a local school board that were distributed by a white supremacist group affiliated with the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Flyers denouncing the school board in Fairfax, Va., as 'Jew-inspired, communist, queer-loving sex fiends violating the words of the Holy Bible' were discovered on Wednesday |archive-date=1 korrik 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ku Klux Klan rallies against homosexuals in Lancaster |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/08/24/Klan-rallies-against-homosexuals-in-Lancaster/9309683006400/ |website=United Press International |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704035205/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/08/24/Klan-rallies-against-homosexuals-in-Lancaster/9309683006400/ |archive-date=4 korrik 2021 |date=24 gusht 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ku Klux Klan supports Alabama chief Justice Rory Moore's attempts to stop gay marriage |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/ku-klux-klan-supports-alabama-chief-justice-rory-moore-s-attempts-stop-gay-marriage-10044956.html |website=Independent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705013149/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/ku-klux-klan-supports-alabama-chief-justice-rory-moore-s-attempts-stop-gay-marriage-10044956.html |archive-date=5 korrik 2021 |date=13 shkurt 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ku Klux Klan distributes anti-transgender fliers in at least 1 Alabama neighborhood|date=24 maj 2016|url=https://www.al.com/news/2016/05/ku_klux_klan_distributes_anti-.html|access-date=12 shtator 2020|archive-date=12 shtator 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912171727/https://www.al.com/news/2016/05/ku_klux_klan_distributes_anti-.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=KKK Allegedly Threatens Gay Political Candidate in Florida |date=31 gusht 2017 |publisher=[[NBC News]] |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/kkk-allegedly-threatens-gay-political-candidate-florida-n797891 |access-date=12 shtator 2020 |archive-date=12 shtator 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912171812/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/kkk-allegedly-threatens-gay-political-candidate-florida-n797891 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2010/10/ku-klux-klan-plans-rally-to-support-anti-gay-counseling-student/|title=Ku Klux Klan plans rally to support anti-gay counseling student|website=LGBTQ Nation|date=5 tetor 2010|access-date=12 shtator 2020|archive-date=13 korrik 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713191736/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2010/10/ku-klux-klan-plans-rally-to-support-anti-gay-counseling-student/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2015/11/kkk-to-floridians-end-aids-by-bashing-gays/|title=KKK to Floridians: End AIDS by 'bashing gays'|website=LGBTQ Nation|date=23 nëntor 2015|access-date=12 shtator 2020|archive-date=12 shtator 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912172223/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2015/11/kkk-to-floridians-end-aids-by-bashing-gays/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ku Klux Klan Rallies In Ellijay, GA – Condemns Homosexuals, Illegal Immigrants, Black Americans and Others|date=13 shtator 2010|url=http://www.back2stonewall.com/2010/09/ku-klux-klan-rallies-in-ellijay-ga.html|access-date=12 shtator 2020|archive-date=24 tetor 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024205630/http://www.back2stonewall.com/2010/09/ku-klux-klan-rallies-in-ellijay-ga.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=KKK members protest LGBTQ pride march in Florence|date=13 qershor 2017|url=https://www.al.com/news/2017/06/kkk_members_protest_lgbtq_prid.html|access-date=12 shtator 2020|archive-date=12 shtator 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912172004/https://www.al.com/news/2017/06/kkk_members_protest_lgbtq_prid.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ku Klux Klan plans rally to support anti-gay counseling student |url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2010/10/ku-klux-klan-plans-rally-to-support-anti-gay-counseling-student/ |website=LGBTQ Nation |date=5 tetor 2010 |access-date=5 tetor 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713191736/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2010/10/ku-klux-klan-plans-rally-to-support-anti-gay-counseling-student/ |archive-date=13 korrik 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mississippi KKK leader defends post-Orlando anti-gay leaflets |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/mississippi-kkk-imperial-wizard-post-orlando-anti-gay-leaflets/ |website=CBS News |date=22 qershor 2016 |access-date=22 qershor 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728113429/https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/mississippi-kkk-imperial-wizard-post-orlando-anti-gay-leaflets/ |archive-date=28 korrik 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Klan leader calls for death for homosexuals |url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1992/07/13/klan-leader-calls-for-death-for-homosexuals/?outputType=amp |website=Tampa Bay Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728113428/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1992/07/13/klan-leader-calls-for-death-for-homosexuals/?outputType=amp |archive-date=28 korrik 2022 |date=13 korrik 1992 |quote=50 Klansmen, skinheads and supporters proclaimed gays and lesbians should receive the death penalty.}}</ref>}}
* [[Antisemitizmi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ku Klux Klan Revived in South; Leader Says Organization Will Fight "kikes" |url=https://www.jta.org/archive/ku-kluk-klan-revived-in-south-leader-says-organization-will-fight-kikes |website=Jewish Telegraph Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621091339/https://www.jta.org/archive/ku-kluk-klan-revived-in-south-leader-says-organization-will-fight-kikes |archive-date=21 qershor 2023 |location=United States |language=en |date=11 dhjetor 1945 |quote=A report to the World-Telegram today from Atlanta, Georgia, says that the Ku Klux Klan has resumed functioning there, with all its trappinge burning crosses, hoods and other KKK rituals – and quotes Grand Dragon Samuel Greens as stating that "we are not fighting Jews because of their religion. We are fighting the kikes, and-there are as many kikes among the Protestants as among the Jews."  Active in the Klan revival is J.B.Stoner of Chattanooga who last year sent a petition to Congress reading: "I request, urge and petition you to pass a resolution recognizing the fact that the Jews are children of the devil and that, consequently, they constitute a grave danger to the United States of America."}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Anti-Semitic and racist KKK fliers dropped in Philadelphia suburb|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/anti-semitic-and-racist-kkk-fliers-dropped-in-philadelphia-suburb/#gs.fyl070|access-date=12 shtator 2020|archive-date=2 nëntor 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102025926/https://www.timesofisrael.com/anti-semitic-and-racist-kkk-fliers-dropped-in-philadelphia-suburb/#gs.fyl070|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=KKK drops antisemitic fliers in Florida to recruit members|date=18 tetor 2017|url=https://www.jewishledger.com/2017/10/kkk-drops-antisemitic-fliers-florida-recruit-members/|access-date=12 shtator 2020|archive-date=30 tetor 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030042122/https://www.jewishledger.com/2017/10/kkk-drops-antisemitic-fliers-florida-recruit-members/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://forward.com/fast-forward/384722/kkk-flyers-threatening-blacks-and-jews-found-in-florida/|title=KKK Flyers Threatening Blacks And Jews Found In Florida|website=The Forward|date=10 tetor 2017|access-date=12 shtator 2020|archive-date=21 tetor 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021111708/https://forward.com/fast-forward/384722/kkk-flyers-threatening-blacks-and-jews-found-in-florida/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Antisemitic, racist KKK fliers dropped in Cherry Hill, NJ |newspaper=Jewish Ledger |date=16 tetor 2018 |url=http://www.jewishledger.com/2018/10/antisemitic-racist-kkk-fliers-dropped-cherry-hill-nj/ |access-date=12 shtator 2020 |archive-date=30 tetor 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030043722/http://www.jewishledger.com/2018/10/antisemitic-racist-kkk-fliers-dropped-cherry-hill-nj/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Racist, antisemitic fliers dropped in Virginia neighborhood before MLK Day |date=16 janar 2018 |url=https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Antisemitism/Racist-antisemitic-fliers-dropped-in-Virginia-neighborhood-before-MLK-Day-536873 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612012438/https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Antisemitism/Racist-antisemitic-fliers-dropped-in-Virginia-neighborhood-before-MLK-Day-536873 |archive-date=12 qershor 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ku Klux Klan extends antisemitic campaign to Argentina |url=https://www.jta.org/archive/ku-klux-klan-extends-anti-semitic-campaign-to-argentina-jews-charge |website=Jewish Telegraph Agency |date=20 mars 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728114752/https://www.jta.org/archive/ku-klux-klan-extends-anti-semitic-campaign-to-argentina-jews-charge |archive-date=28 korrik 2022}}</ref>
* [[Anti-imigrimi]]
* [[Anti-komunizmi]]
* [[Diskriminimi ndaj ateistëve|Anti-ateizmi]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Laats |first=Adam |date=2012 |title=Red Schoolhouse, Burning Cross: The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s and Educational Reform |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23251451 |journal=History of Education Quarterly |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=323–350 |doi=10.1111/j.1748-5959.2012.00402.x |jstor=23251451 |s2cid=142780437 |issn=0018-2680 |access-date=25 dhjetor 2022 |archive-date=25 dhjetor 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225231504/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23251451 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite magazine |date=1927-01-17 |title=Kingdom |language=en-US |magazine=Time |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,729846,00.html |access-date=2022-12-25 |issn=0040-781X |archive-date=25 dhjetor 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225231504/https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,729846,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Ku Klux Klan Ledgers {{!}} History Colorado |url=https://www.historycolorado.org/kkkledgers |access-date=2022-12-25 |website=www.historycolorado.org |archive-date=25 dhjetor 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225231502/https://www.historycolorado.org/kkkledgers |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=1920 |title=Principles and Purposes of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan |url=https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/paul_bean_papers/72 |language=en |access-date=25 dhjetor 2022 |archive-date=27 nëntor 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127024326/https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/paul_bean_papers/72/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Anti-Katolicizmi]]<ref>{{cite web |author1=Kristin Dimick |title=The Ku Klux Klan and the Anti-Catholic School Bills of Washington and Oregon |url=https://depts.washington.edu/civilr/kkk_i49.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514005403/https://depts.washington.edu/civilr/kkk_i49.htm |archive-date=14 maj 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Philip N. Racine |title=The Ku Klux Klan, Anti-Catholicism, and Atlanta's Board of Education, 1916–1927 |journal=The Georgia Historical Quarterly |year=1973 |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=63–75 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40579872 |publisher=Georgia Historical Society |jstor=40579872 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728115804/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40579872 |archive-date=28 korrik 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |author1=Christine K. Erickson |title=The Boys in Butte: The Ku Klux Klan confronts the Catholics, 1923–1929 |url=https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6273&context=etd |type=MA thesis |publisher=University of Montana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728120035/https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6273&context=etd |archive-date=28 korrik 2022}}</ref>}}
'''After 1950:'''{{flatlist|
* [[Anti-misgjenimi]]
* [[Anti-sindikata]]
* [[Neofashizmi]]
* [[Neonazizmi]]
* [[Anti-globalizimi]]
* [[Islamofobia]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ku Klux Klan Fliers Promoting Islamophobia Found In Washington State Neighborhood |date=2 mars 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/kkk-fliers-washington_n_6785614?ri18n=true |access-date=12 shtator 2020 |archive-date=20 tetor 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020234353/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/kkk-fliers-washington_n_6785614?ri18n=true |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Alabama KKK actively recruiting to 'fight the spread of Islam'|date=10 dhjetor 2015|url=https://altoday.com/archives/7396-alabama-kkk-actively-recruiting-to-fight-the-spread-of-islam|access-date=12 shtator 2020|archive-date=15 nëntor 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115220920/https://altoday.com/archives/7396-alabama-kkk-actively-recruiting-to-fight-the-spread-of-islam|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=In the Army and the Klan, he hated Muslims |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2018/06/05/feature/in-the-army-and-the-klan-he-hated-muslims-now-one-was-coming-to-his-home/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=5 qershor 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713222625/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2018/06/05/feature/in-the-army-and-the-klan-he-hated-muslims-now-one-was-coming-to-his-home/ |archive-date=13 korrik 2022}}</ref>}}
| label5           = [[Qëndrimet politike]]
| data5            = [[Politikat e skajit të djathtë|E djathta e skajshme]]
}}
 

'''Ku Klux Klan''' {{Efn|Commonly [[mispronunciation|mispronounced]] {{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|l|uː|-}}.}} i shkurtuar zakonisht në '''KKK''' ose '''Klan''', është emri i disa supremacistëve të bardhë amerikanë historikë dhe të tanishëm, [[Terrorizmi|organizatave terroriste]] të së djathtës ekstreme dhe grupeve të urrejtjes . Sipas historianit Fergus Bordewich, Klani ishte "lëvizja e parë e organizuar terroriste në historinë amerikane". <ref name="Fergus Bordewich">Fergus Bordewich. </ref> <ref name="Interview Bordewich">{{Cite web |title=The Untold Story of Grant vs. the KKK: A Deep Dive with Historian Fergus M. Bordewich |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URe55kNd6mM |access-date=17 nëntor 2023 |website=YouTube}}</ref> Objektivat e tyre kryesore, në kohë dhe vende të ndryshme, kanë qenë [[afrikano-amerikanët]], [[Jehudët|hebrenjtë]] dhe [[Kisha katolike|katolikët]] .

Tre grupe të veçanta që e quajnë veten Klan kanë ekzistuar në periudha kohore që nuk mbivendosen. Secili përfshinte kapituj vendorë me pak ose aspak drejtim qëndror. Secili ka mbrojtur pozicione reaksionare si nacionalizmi i bardhë, anti-imigrimi dhe - veçanërisht në përsëritjet e mëvonshme - nordicizmi, [[antisemitizmi]], [[Antikatolicizmi|anti-katolicizmi]], populizmi i krahut të djathtë, antikomunizmi, [[homofobia]], [[Diskriminimi ndaj ateistëve|anti-ateizmi]] dhe [[islamofobia]] . Klani i parë, i themeluar nga veteranët e Konfederatës në fund të viteve 1860, sulmoi dhe vrau zezakët politikisht aktivë dhe aleatët e tyre në Jug . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ku Klux Klan Established |url=https://civilwaronthewesternborder.org/timeline/ku-klux-klan-established |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126124455/https://civilwaronthewesternborder.org/timeline/ku-klux-klan-established |archive-date=26 janar 2023 |access-date=26 janar 2023 |website=Civil War on the Western Border: The Missouri-Kansas Conflict, 1855-1865 |publisher=Digital History, Kansas City Public Library}}</ref> Përsëritja e dytë e Klanit filloi në fund të viteve 1910 dhe ishte i pari që përdori djegie të kryqëzuara dhe rroba me kapuç të bardhë. KKK-ja e viteve 1920 kishte një anëtarësim mbarëkombëtar me miliona dhe pasqyronte një pjesë të tërthortë të popullsisë së bardhë anglishtfolëse dhe protestante të lindur në vend. <ref>{{Cite web |title=See the rise of the KKK in the U.S., 1915-1940 |url=https://labs.library.vcu.edu/klan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013073158/https://labs.library.vcu.edu/klan/ |archive-date=13 tetor 2016 |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=Mapping the Second Ku Klux Klan, 1915-1940}}</ref> Klani i tretë u formua në mesin e shekullit të 20-të, kryesisht si një reagim ndaj lëvizjes në rritje të të drejtave civile . Ajo përdori vrasje dhe bomba për të arritur qëllimet e saj. Të tre lëvizjet kanë bërë thirrje për "pastrimin" e shoqërisë amerikane dhe të gjitha konsiderohen si organizata ekstremiste të ekstremit të djathtë . Në çdo epokë, anëtarësimi ishte sekret dhe vlerësimet e totalit ishin shumë të ekzagjeruara si nga aleatët ashtu edhe nga armiqtë.

Klani i parë, i krijuar në vazhdën e [[Lufta Civile Amerikane|Luftës Civile]], ishte një organizatë përcaktuese e epokës së Rindërtimit . Forcat federale të ligjit filluan të ndërmarrin veprime kundër tij rreth vitit 1871. Klan u përpoq të rrëzonte qeveritë e shteteve republikane në Jug, veçanërisht duke përdorur frikësimin e votuesve dhe dhunën e synuar kundër udhëheqësve afrikano-amerikanë. Klan u organizua në kapituj të shumtë të pavarur në të gjithë Shtetet e Bashkuara Jugore. Çdo kapitull ishte autonom dhe shumë i fshehtë në lidhje me anëtarësimin dhe planet. Anëtarët bënin kostumet e tyre, shpesh shumëngjyrëshe: rroba, maska dhe kapele me majë, të dizajnuara për të qenë të tmerrshëm dhe për të fshehur identitetin e tyre.

Klani i dytë filloi në 1915 si një grup i vogël në [[Xhorxhia|Gjeorgji]] . Papritmas filloi të rritet pas vitit 1920 dhe lulëzoi në mbarë vendin në fillim dhe mesi të viteve 1920, duke përfshirë zonat urbane të Midwest dhe Perëndimit . Duke marrë frymëzim nga filmi pa zë i DW Griffith i vitit 1915, ''The Birth of a Nation'', i cili mitologjizoi themelimin e Klan-it të parë, ai përdori teknika marketingu dhe një strukturë organizative popullore vëllazërore . E rrënjosur në komunitetet lokale protestante, ajo kërkoi të ruante supremacinë e bardhë, shpesh mori një qëndrim [[Ndalimi në Shtetet e Bashkuara|ndalues]] dhe kundërshtoi [[Jehudët|hebrenjtë]], duke theksuar gjithashtu kundërshtimin e saj ndaj pushtetit të pretenduar politik të [[Papa|Papës]] dhe Kishës Katolike . Ky Klan i dytë lulëzoi si në shtetet jugore ashtu edhe në veri; ajo u financua nga tarifat e fillimit dhe duke u shitur anëtarëve të saj një kostum standard të bardhë. Kapitujt nuk kishin detyrime. Ai përdori fjalë K të cilat ishin të ngjashme me ato të Klanit të parë, ndërsa shtoi djegie të kryqëzuara dhe parada masive për të frikësuar të tjerët. Ai ra me shpejtësi në gjysmën e dytë të viteve 1920.

Manifestimi i tretë dhe aktual i KKK-së doli pas vitit 1950, në formën e grupeve të lokalizuara dhe të izoluara që përdorin emrin KKK. Ata janë fokusuar në kundërshtimin e lëvizjes për të drejtat civile, duke përdorur shpesh dhunë dhe vrasje për të shtypur aktivistët. Ky manifestim është klasifikuar si një grup urrejtjeje nga Lidhja Anti-Shpifje dhe Qendra Ligjore e Varfërisë Jugore .  Më 2016  , Lidhja Anti-Shpifje e vlerëson anëtarësimin e përgjithshëm të KKK në mbarë vendin në rreth 3,000, ndërsa Qendra Ligjore për Varfërinë Jugore e vendos atë në 6,000 anëtarë në total. <ref>{{Cite web |title=At 150, KKK sees opportunities in US political trends |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/a8ed212468c741eb993609cd480efe21/ku-klux-klan-dreams-rising-again-150-years-after-founding |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701232217/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/a8ed212468c741eb993609cd480efe21/ku-klux-klan-dreams-rising-again-150-years-after-founding |archive-date=1 korrik 2016 |access-date=2 korrik 2016 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Mishërimi i dytë dhe i tretë i Ku Klux Klan-it bënë referenca të shpeshta ndaj një perceptimi të mitologjizuar të rremë të gjakut " anglo-saksone " të Amerikës, duke dëgjuar nativizmin e shekullit të 19-të. {{Sfn|Newton|2001}} Megjithëse anëtarët e KKK-së betohen se do të mbështesin "moralin e krishterë", besimet e krishtera i denoncojnë gjerësisht ata. <ref name="Perlmutter1999">{{Cite book |last=Perlmutter |first=Philip |url=https://archive.org/details/legacyofhateshor00perl/page/170 |title=Legacy of Hate: A Short History of Ethnic, Religious, and Racial Prejudice in America |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |year=1999 |isbn=978-0765604064 |page=[https://archive.org/details/legacyofhateshor00perl/page/170 170] |quote=Kenneth T. Jackson, in his ''The Ku Klux Klan in the City 1915–1930'', reminds us that 'virtually every' Protestant denomination denounced the KKK, but that most KKK members were not 'innately depraved or anxious to subvert American institutions', but rather believed their membership in keeping with 'one-hundred percent Americanism' and Christian morality.}}</ref>

[[Skeda:Ku_Klux_Klan_costumes_in_North_Carolina_in_1870.jpg|parapamje| Përshkrim i Ku Klux Klan në Karolinën e Veriut në 1870, bazuar në një fotografi të marrë nën mbikëqyrjen e një oficeri federal që kapi kostumet e Klanit]]
[[Skeda:KKK_night_rally_in_Chicago_c1920_cph.3b12355.jpg|parapamje| Tubimi i KKK pranë [[Çikago|Çikagos]] në vitet 1920]]


[[Kategoria:Faqe me adresa nga Wayback Machine që përdorin stampën e arkivës së rrjetit]]