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Baris ka-1: Baris ka-1:
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[[Gambar:80 - Machu Picchu - Juin 2009 - edit.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Tetempoan di Machu Picchu]]
[[Gambar:80 - Machu Picchu - Juin 2009 - edit.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Tetempoan di Machu Picchu]]
'''Machu Picchu''' ([[Basa Quechua|Quechua]]: ''Gunung Buhun''; kadang disebut "Dayeuh Ingka nu Leungit", ''Lost City of the Incas'') téh ruruntuk [[Inca]] pra-Columbus nu perenahna aya di puhu [[gunung]] anu luhurna kira 2,350 m, luhureun lembah [[Urubamba]], [[Péru]], kira 70 km kalér-kuloneun [[Cusco]]. Situs ieu mimiti kawentar ka sakuliah dunya nalika ahli [[arkéologi]] ti Yale, [[Hiram Bingham III|Hiram Bingham]], ngagali deui ieu situs taun [[1911]], sarta nulis buku ngeunaan papanggihanana ieu. Kiwari, [[Péru]] keur narékahan tina jihat hukum sangkan titinggal/artéfak nu dibawa ku Bingham bisa dibalikkeun deui. Ti taun 1983, ieu situs diaku salaku [[Situs Warisan Dunya]] [[UNESCO]].
'''Machu Picchu''' ([[Basa Quechua|Quechua]] '''Machu Pikchu''', ''Gunung Buhun'',<ref>Teofilo Laime Acopa, Diccionario Bilingüe, Iskay simipi yuyay k'ancha, Quechua – Castellano, Castellano – Quechua: '''''machu''''' - ''adj. y s. m. Viejo. Hombre de mucha edad (Úsase también para animales).'' - '''''machu''''' - ''s. m. Anciano. Viejo.'' '''''pikchu''''' - ''s. Pirámide. Sólido puntiagudo de varias caras. || Cono. Ch'utu.'' '''''machu pikchu''''' - ''s. La gran ciudadela pétrea que fue quizá uno de los más grandes monumentos religiosos del incanato, entre el valle del Cusco y la selva virgen (JAL). || Monumento arqueológico situado en el departamento actual del Cusco, junto al río Urubamba, en una cumbre casi inaccesible (JL).''</ref> kadang disebut "Dayeuh Ingka nu Leungit", ''Lost City of the Incas'') téh ruruntuk [[Inca]] pra-Columbus nu perenahna aya di puhu [[gunung]] anu luhurna kira 2,350 m, luhureun lembah [[Urubamba]], [[Péru]], kira 70&nbsp;km kalér-kuloneun [[Cusco]]. Situs ieu mimiti kawentar ka sakuliah dunya nalika ahli [[arkéologi]] ti Yale, [[Hiram Bingham III|Hiram Bingham]], ngagali deui ieu situs taun [[1911]], sarta nulis buku ngeunaan papanggihanana ieu. Kiwari, [[Péru]] keur narékahan tina jihat hukum sangkan titinggal/artéfak nu dibawa ku Bingham bisa dibalikkeun deui. Ti taun 1983, ieu situs diaku salaku [[Situs Warisan Dunya]] [[UNESCO]].


== Sajarah ==
== Sajarah ==
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It is thought that the site was chosen for its unique location and geological features. It is said that the silhouette of the mountain range behind Machu Picchu represents the face of the Inca looking upward towards the sky, with the largest peak, [[Huayna Picchu]] (meaning Young Mountain) representing his nose. The peak is also known as the "hitching post of the sun."
It is thought that the site was chosen for its unique location and geological features. It is said that the silhouette of the mountain range behind Machu Picchu represents the face of the Inca looking upward towards the sky, with the largest peak, [[Huayna Picchu]] (meaning Young Mountain) representing his nose. The peak is also known as the "hitching post of the sun."


In 1913, the site received significant publicity after the [[National Geographic Society]] devoted their entire [[April 1913]] issue to Machu Picchu.
In 1913, the site received significant publicity after the [[National Geographic Society]] devoted their entire [[April 1913]] issue to Machu Picchu.


[[Image:Intihuatana Solar Clock.jpg|thumbnail|290px|right|The Intihuatana ("tie the sun") is believed to have been designed as an astronomic clock by the Incas, while some have speculated about the site's possible [[astrological]] role]]
[[Image:Intihuatana Solar Clock.jpg|thumbnail|290px|right|The Intihuatana ("tie the sun") is believed to have been designed as an astronomic clock by the Incas, while some have speculated about the site's possible [[astrological]] role]]
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Located in the first zone are the primary archaeological treasures: the ''Intiwatana'', the ''Temple of the Sun'' and the ''Room of the Three Windows''. These were dedicated to [[Inti]], their sun god and greatest deity.
Located in the first zone are the primary archaeological treasures: the ''Intiwatana'', the ''Temple of the Sun'' and the ''Room of the Three Windows''. These were dedicated to [[Inti]], their sun god and greatest deity.


In the residential area, a sector existed for the [[nobility]]: a group of houses located in rows over a slope; the residence of the [[Amautas]] (wise persons) was characterized by its redish walls, and the zone of the ''[[Ñusta]]s'' (princesses) had trapezoid-shaped rooms.
In the residential area, a sector existed for the [[nobility]]: a group of houses located in rows over a slope; the residence of the [[Amautas]] (wise persons) was characterized by its redish walls, and the zone of the ''[[Ñusta]]s'' (princesses) had trapezoid-shaped rooms.


Inside the citadel existed a sector assigned as the jail, where the prisoners were punished inside rock niches.
Inside the citadel existed a sector assigned as the jail, where the prisoners were punished inside rock niches.


The Monumental Mausoleum is a stone block with a vaulted interior and carved walls. It was used for rites or sacrifices.
The Monumental Mausoleum is a stone block with a vaulted interior and carved walls. It was used for rites or sacrifices.
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On [[July 24]] [[1911]], Machu Picchu was brought to the attention of the West by [[Hiram Bingham]], an American historian then employed as a lecturer at [[Yale University]]. He was led there by locals who frequented the site. This explorer/archaeologist began the archaeological studies there and completed a survey of the area. Bingham coined the name "The Lost City of the Incas", which was the title of his first book.
On [[July 24]] [[1911]], Machu Picchu was brought to the attention of the West by [[Hiram Bingham]], an American historian then employed as a lecturer at [[Yale University]]. He was led there by locals who frequented the site. This explorer/archaeologist began the archaeological studies there and completed a survey of the area. Bingham coined the name "The Lost City of the Incas", which was the title of his first book.


In the year 2002, traces of another (unknown) twentieth-century Western explorer were found.
In the year 2002, traces of another (unknown) twentieth-century Western explorer were found.


Simone Waisbard, a long-time researcher of Cusco, disagrees with Bingham's priority claim. She claims ''Enrique Palma, Gabino Sánchez'' and ''Agustín Lizárraga'' left their names engraved on one of the rocks there on July 14, 1901.
Simone Waisbard, a long-time researcher of Cusco, disagrees with Bingham's priority claim. She claims ''Enrique Palma, Gabino Sánchez'' and ''Agustín Lizárraga'' left their names engraved on one of the rocks there on July 14, 1901.


Bingham had been searching for the city of [[Vitco]], the last Inca refuge and spot of resistance during the [[Spanish conquest of Peru]]. In 1911, after various years of previous trips and explorations around the zone, he was led to the citadel by [[Quechua]]ns who were living in Machu Picchu in the original Inca infrastructure. Bingham made several more trips and conducted excavations on the site through 1915. He wrote a number of books and articles about the discovery of Machu Picchu.
Bingham had been searching for the city of [[Vitco]], the last Inca refuge and spot of resistance during the [[Spanish conquest of Peru]]. In 1911, after various years of previous trips and explorations around the zone, he was led to the citadel by [[Quechua]]ns who were living in Machu Picchu in the original Inca infrastructure. Bingham made several more trips and conducted excavations on the site through 1915. He wrote a number of books and articles about the discovery of Machu Picchu.


Bingham took 5,000 archeological artifacts back with him to Yale University. The Peruvian government has requested their return, and there is a growing opinion in Peru that Bingham's activities amounted to the despoilation of Peru's cultural [[patrimony]]. In late 2005, Peru said it would sue Yale to get some or all of the material returned [http://www.boston.com/news/local/connecticut/articles/2005/11/30/peru_prepares_to_sue_yale_to_get_back_machu_picchu_relics/]
Bingham took 5,000 archeological artifacts back with him to Yale University. The Peruvian government has requested their return, and there is a growing opinion in Peru that Bingham's activities amounted to the despoilation of Peru's cultural [[patrimony]]. In late 2005, Peru said it would sue Yale to get some or all of the material returned [http://www.boston.com/news/local/connecticut/articles/2005/11/30/peru_prepares_to_sue_yale_to_get_back_machu_picchu_relics/]
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Another option is to hike the Inca Trail, on either a four-day or two-day version, both of which are controlled by the government. They require you to be reasonably fit, and takes a few days, sleeping in tents.
Another option is to hike the Inca Trail, on either a four-day or two-day version, both of which are controlled by the government. They require you to be reasonably fit, and takes a few days, sleeping in tents.


Another option is to stay overnight near the ruins themselves, rather than return on the same day. There are many hotels at nearby Aguas Calientes, or the more expensive [[Machu Picchu Sanctuary Lodge]], the only hotel located at Machu Picchu itself. Buses run from Aguas Calientes to the ruins throughout the day, an 8km ride up the mountain.
Another option is to stay overnight near the ruins themselves, rather than return on the same day. There are many hotels at nearby Aguas Calientes, or the more expensive [[Machu Picchu Sanctuary Lodge]], the only hotel located at Machu Picchu itself. Buses run from Aguas Calientes to the ruins throughout the day, an 8km ride up the mountain.


A helicopter service from Cusco to Aguas Calientes, via a 24 passenger Russian [[Mi-8]] helicopter, is also available. Helicopter flights direct into Machu Picchu stopped in the 1970s due to concern about their damage to the ruins.-->
A helicopter service from Cusco to Aguas Calientes, via a 24 passenger Russian [[Mi-8]] helicopter, is also available. Helicopter flights direct into Machu Picchu stopped in the 1970s due to concern about their damage to the ruins.-->
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* [[Sacsayhuamán]]
* [[Sacsayhuamán]]
* [[Ollantaytambo]]
* [[Ollantaytambo]]
* [[Situs Gunung Padang]]

== Rujukan ==
<references/>


== Tumbu kaluar ==
== Tumbu kaluar ==
{{commons|Machu Picchu}}
{{commons|Machu Picchu}}
* {{gutenberg|no=10772|name=Inca Land: Explorations in the Highlands of Peru ''karya Hiram Bingham'}}
* {{gutenberg|no=10772|name=Inca Land: Explorations in the Highlands of Peru ''karya Hiram Bingham'}}
* [http://www.destination360.com/peru/machu-picchu.php QuickTime Virtual Tour of Machu Picchu and Peru from destination360.com].
* [http://www.destination360.com/peru/machu-picchu.php QuickTime Virtual Tour of Machu Picchu and Peru from destination360.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129130225/http://www.destination360.com/peru/machu-picchu.php |date=2007-01-29 }}.
* [http://www.rediscovermachupicchu.com Machu Picchu & Inca info]
* [http://www.rediscovermachupicchu.com Machu Picchu & Inca info]
* [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/traveler/machu.html Machu Picchu on National Geographic]
* [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/traveler/machu.html Machu Picchu on National Geographic]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/arts/design/01mach.html?_r=1&oref=slogin Inca Show Pits Yale Against Peru] (The NY Times, February 2006)
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/arts/design/01mach.html?_r=1&oref=slogin Inca Show Pits Yale Against Peru] (The NY Times, February 2006)
* [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/machu/ Machu Picchu on the Web] (directory).
* [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/machu/ Machu Picchu on the Web] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308000514/http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/machu/ |date=2005-03-08 }} (directory).
* [http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_12/machupicchu.html "Rediscovering Machu Picchu"] by Bruce Fellman, ''Yale Alumni Magazine'' (December 2002).
* [http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_12/machupicchu.html "Rediscovering Machu Picchu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216011450/http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_12/machupicchu.html |date=2008-12-16 }} by Bruce Fellman, ''Yale Alumni Magazine'' (December 2002).
* [http://agutie.homestead.com/files/MachuPicchu.htm Machu Picchu, "Lost City of the Incas"] by Antonio Gutierrez from Geometry Step by Step from the Land of the Incas.
* [http://agutie.homestead.com/files/MachuPicchu.htm Machu Picchu, "Lost City of the Incas"] by Antonio Gutierrez from Géometry Step by Step from the Land of the Incas.
* [http://www.fieldmuseum.org/machupicchu/ Field Museum exhibit website] Chicago. Oct. 15, 2004 - Feb 13, 2005.
* [http://www.fieldmuseum.org/machupicchu/ Field Museum exhibit website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051122161026/http://www.fieldmuseum.org/machupicchu/ |date=2005-11-22 }} Chicago. Oct. 15, 2004 - Feb 13, 2005.
* [http://www.cuscoperu.com/cusco/qosqo/imagenes/mp7g_mach.gif Map of Machu Picchu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060204215718/http://www.cuscoperu.com/cusco/qosqo/imagenes/mp7g_mach.gif Map of Machu Picchu]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-13.162909,-72.546072&spn=0.043774,0.046434&t=k&hl=en Machu Picchu on Google Maps].
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-13.162909,-72.546072&spn=0.043774,0.046434&t=k&hl=en Machu Picchu on Google Maps].
* [http://www.opentravelinfo.com/travel_guide/south_america/peru/andean/machu_picchu_peru_inca_city_in_the_sky A pictorial guide to Machu Picchu].
* [http://www.opentravelinfo.com/travel_guide/south_america/peru/andean/machu_picchu_peru_inca_city_in_the_sky A pictorial guide to Machu Picchu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317111106/http://www.opentravelinfo.com/travel_guide/south_america/peru/andean/machu_picchu_peru_inca_city_in_the_sky |date=2008-03-17 }}.
* [http://machupicchu.orient-express.com/web/omac/omac_a2a_home.jsp Machu Pichu Sanctuary Lodge hotel homepage].
* [http://machupicchu.orient-express.com/web/omac/omac_a2a_home.jsp Machu Pichu Sanctuary Lodge hotel homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519013422/http://machupicchu.orient-express.com/web/omac/omac_a2a_home.jsp |date=2006-05-19 }}.
* [http://www.machupicchu.biz Machu Picchu travel guide].
* [http://www.machupicchu.biz Machu Picchu travel guide].


Baris ka-111: Baris ka-117:
* ''[[:en:Machu Picchu|Machu Picchu]]'', Wikipédia édisi basa Inggris (15 Méi 2006), dumasar kana [[:es:Machu Picchu|artikel ieu dina Wikipédia basa Spanyol]] nu diaksés [[8 Agustus]] [[2005]].
* ''[[:en:Machu Picchu|Machu Picchu]]'', Wikipédia édisi basa Inggris (15 Méi 2006), dumasar kana [[:es:Machu Picchu|artikel ieu dina Wikipédia basa Spanyol]] nu diaksés [[8 Agustus]] [[2005]].
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jJW7aSNCzU Machu Picchu. YouTube]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jJW7aSNCzU Machu Picchu. YouTube]



=== Sumber gambar ===
=== Sumber gambar ===
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[[Kategori:Inca]]
[[Kategori:Inca]]
[[Kategori:Situs Warisan Dunya]]
[[Kategori:Situs Warisan Dunya]]

{{Link FA|es}}

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Révisi mangsa 24 Nopémber 2023 03.33


Tetempoan di Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu (Quechua Machu Pikchu, Gunung Buhun,[1] kadang disebut "Dayeuh Ingka nu Leungit", Lost City of the Incas) téh ruruntuk Inca pra-Columbus nu perenahna aya di puhu gunung anu luhurna kira 2,350 m, luhureun lembah Urubamba, Péru, kira 70 km kalér-kuloneun Cusco. Situs ieu mimiti kawentar ka sakuliah dunya nalika ahli arkéologi ti Yale, Hiram Bingham, ngagali deui ieu situs taun 1911, sarta nulis buku ngeunaan papanggihanana ieu. Kiwari, Péru keur narékahan tina jihat hukum sangkan titinggal/artéfak nu dibawa ku Bingham bisa dibalikkeun deui. Ti taun 1983, ieu situs diaku salaku Situs Warisan Dunya UNESCO.

Sajarah

[édit | édit sumber]

Sigana mah situs ieu téh titinggal Karajaan Ingka nu pangweuteuhna. Numutkeun panalungtikan, kota ieu mimiti diwangun ku Sapa Inca Pachacuti, kira taun 1440, nepi ka talukna Péru ka Spanyol taun 1532. Bukti arkéologis (katut laporan/naskah kolonial) nunjukkeun yén Machu Picchu téh lain kota biasa, tapi mangrupa pangreureuhan/paniisan para ménak Ingka (sarupa jeung Paniisan Romawi). Di ieu situs aya karaton jeung candi sesembahan Ingka sabudeureun palataran, sarta wangunan lianna salaku wangunan pangrojong. Kota ieu bisa dieusi ku paling loba 750 jalma sakaligus, tapi mun keur teu dianjangan ku para ménak mah pangeusina téh ukur saeutik.

Baca ogé

[édit | édit sumber]

Rujukan

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  1. ↑ Teofilo Laime Acopa, Diccionario Bilingüe, Iskay simipi yuyay k'ancha, Quechua – Castellano, Castellano – Quechua: machu - adj. y s. m. Viejo. Hombre de mucha edad (Úsase también para animales). - machu - s. m. Anciano. Viejo. pikchu - s. Pirámide. Sólido puntiagudo de varias caras. || Cono. Ch'utu. machu pikchu - s. La gran ciudadela pétrea que fue quizá uno de los más grandes monumentos religiosos del incanato, entre el valle del Cusco y la selva virgen (JAL). || Monumento arqueológico situado en el departamento actual del Cusco, junto al río Urubamba, en una cumbre casi inaccesible (JL).

Tumbu kaluar

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Wikimedia Commons mibanda média séjénna nu patali jeung Machu Picchu.

Rujukan

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Sumber gambar

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Koordinat: 13°09′47″S 72°32′44″W / 13.16306°S 72.54556°W / -13.16306; -72.54556

Situs Warisan Dunya di Péru
Arequipa | Zona Arkéologi Chan Chan | Chavin (Situs Arkéologis) | Cusco | Huascarán | Lima | Garis jeung Géoglif Nazca jeung Pampas de Jumana | Manú | Rio Abiseo | Kabuyutan Machu Picchu


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