Frances_Farmer_-_Golden_Boy_publicity_shot.jpg (405 × 519 pixlar, filstorlek: 46 kbyte, MIME-typ: image/jpeg)

Sammanfattning

Beskrivning
English: Photo of Frances Farmer from Golden Boy program, 1938
Datum
Källa Golden Boy program (1938)
Skapare OkändUnknown author
Tillstånd
(Återanvändning av denna fil)
English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
  • A search was done in publication renewals for the years 1972 and 1973. There were no listings for the title Golden Boy or Golden Boy program; there's no evidence this material is under copyright.
  • Licensiering

    This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart as well as a detailed definition of "publication" for public art.

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    nuvarande20 februari 2023 kl. 01.15Miniatyrbild för versionen från den 20 februari 2023 kl. 01.15405 × 519 (46 kbyte)MintopopReverted to version as of 07:07, 14 August 2018 (UTC)
    14 augusti 2018 kl. 08.10Miniatyrbild för versionen från den 14 augusti 2018 kl. 08.10409 × 508 (45 kbyte)Drown SodaColorized; note portrait is reversed
    14 augusti 2018 kl. 08.07Miniatyrbild för versionen från den 14 augusti 2018 kl. 08.07405 × 519 (46 kbyte)Drown SodaUser created page with UploadWizard

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