Pergament

Pergament (patqalam va siyoh bilan)

Pergament (qadimgi yunoncha: Πέργαμον, Pergamon; miloddan avvalgi 2-asrda xat yozish uchun xizmat qiladigan material pergament tayyorlana boshlangan Pergam shahri nomidan) — 1) maxsus ishlov berilgan mol va choʻchqa terisi; doira, doʻmbira, baraban va baʼzi mashina detallari uchun ishlatilgan; 2) sulfat kislota (H₂SO₄) bilan ishlov berilgan qogʻoz; shaffof, yogʻ va suvni oʻtkazmaydi. Materiallarni oʻrashda, izolyasiya materiali sifatida va boshqa maqsadlarda ishlatiladi.

Oʻqish uchun

• Bar-Ilan, Meir. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997 — 247–248-bet. ISBN 0195112180.  (Wayback Machine saytida 2021-10-21 sanasida arxivlangan)
• Dougherty, Raymond P. (1928). „Writing upon parchment and papyrus among the Babylonians and the Assyrians“. Journal of the American Oriental Society. 48-jild. 109–135-bet. doi:10.2307/593130. JSTOR 593130.
• Eisenlohr, Erika. Europäische Technik im Mittelalter: 800 bis 1400: Tradition und Innovation, 4th, Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1996 — 429–432-bet. ISBN 3-7861-1748-9. 
• Hunter, Dard. Papermaking: the history and technique of an ancient craft. New York: Dover Publications, 1978. ISBN 9780486236193. 
• Murray, Fiona (2003). „Parchment craft“. Australian Paper Crafts. 23-jild. 10–13-bet.
• Roberts, Colin H.; Skeat, T. C.. The Birth of the Codex. London: Oxford University Press, 1983. ISBN 0-19-726024-1. 
• Ryder, Michael L. (1964). „Parchment: its history, manufacture and composition“. Journal of the Society of Archivists. 2-jild, № 9. 391–399-bet. doi:10.1080/00379816009513778.
• Stinson, Timothy L. (2009). „Knowledge of the flesh: using DNA analysis to unlock bibliographical secrets of medieval parchment“. Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America. 103-jild, № 4. 435–453-bet. doi:10.1086/pbsa.103.4.24293890. JSTOR 24293890. PMID 20607890. S2CID 37203626.