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Astro is a website generator for static or Deno-based websites.

Discourse is an open source discussion platform written in Ruby on Rails.

Ruby is a general-purpose object-oriented language originally developed by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.

React is an open source JavaScript library for building user interfaces, developed by Facebook.

Vue.js is a JavaScript library for building interactive web interfaces, based on the Model View ViewModel pattern.

Underscore is a JavaScript library that provides functional programming support.

Cloudflare Server is a web server developed by Cloudflare.

Cloudflare provides a content delivery network.

Cloudflare provides DNS servers and other web services.

Cloudflare Email Security (formerly Area 1) offers email protection services.

GlobalSign is an IT security service provider, also operating as SSL certificate authority.

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.

The CDNJS is a content distribution network, hosting a large number of JavaScript libraries, provided by CloudFlare.

Cloudflare Web Analytics is a privacy-respecting website traffic analytics service.

The LinkedIn Insight Tag helps to optimize LinkedIn campaigns.

HubSpot Marketing Analytics is a web analytics tool by HubSpot.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

Adobe DTM (Dynamic Tag Management) is a tag management system by Adobe, part of Abode Analytics. This includes Satellite, previously owned by Search Discovery, and Adobe TagManager.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

Hacker News is a technology-centered social news and link sharing service.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time of up to 1 day.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Secure cookies are used only via an encrypted connections, which may increase security.

Non-secure cookies may be used via an unencrypted connections, which may be a security threat.

Brotli is a lossless compression algorithm developed by Google.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) provides amongst others a vastly larger address space than the preceding version 4. We consider a website to support IPv6 if a 128-bit address is assigned to it, regardless of the content delivered at that address.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

HTTP/3 is the third major version of the HTTP network protocol, derived from the QUIC protocol.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to its www subdomain, e.g. from example.com to www.example.com.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 day and 1 month.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Twitter/X Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to tweets.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

WebP is an image format that provides lossless and lossy compression, developed by Google.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a lossless compression image format, originally introduced by CompuServe and suitable to store graphics, logos and simple animations.

Commercial entities