Beyond Death Transition and The Afterlife
Beyond Death Transition and The Afterlife
‘He who dies before he dies, does not die when he dies’.
Abraham of Santa Clara.
‘Zen has no other secrets than seriously thinking about birth and death’
Takeda Shingen
‘We are not dealing here with irreality. The mundus imaginalis is a
world of autonomous forms and images...It is a perfectly real world
preserving all the richness and diversity of the sensible world but in a
spiritual state’.
Henry Corbin
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influential recent books I would especially mention are Otherworldly Journeys
by Carol Zaleski (1987) and Sogyal Rinpoche’s Tibetan Book of Living and
Dying (1992). Zaleski, a Harvard trained historian of religion, compared
medieval and other accounts of post-mortem journeys of the soul with the
contemporary literature of NDEs and showed compellingly that visions of the
afterlife are based on experience, not speculation. Sogyal’s book demystifies
the obscure symbolic language of the ancient text called the Bardo Thodol
(usually translated as The Tibetan Book of the Dead). He shows clearly how
the Tibetan ‘wake’, or post-mortem prayers to the deceased person, are
actually addressed to that person’s disembodied consciousness to help
him/her navigate through confusing or frightening visions created by his/her
own consciousness - a consciousness that goes beyond the body eventually
towards further incarnations.
The first and most important observation to be made from these two
books and the many that they have inspired is that experiences beyond the
body, either before of after death, are of a much greater order and
significance than mere energetic discharges and ‘hallucinations’ generated by
the brain - a claim that appears increasingly trivial and narrow in its
reductionism when evaluated from a religious, phenomenological perspective.
The disembodied consciousness in these many reports actually encounters
other realms, other dimensions, other beings and other states of being. These
states include mystical, expanded and often ‘cosmic’ consciousness,
commensurate with those described in classic texts like R. M. Bucke’s Cosmic
Consciousness and William James’ Varieties of Religious Experience. This is
further underlined by a more recent work, Dreamtime and Inner Space by the
cultural anthropologist Holger Kahlweit. Kahlweit writes that ‘as far as I am
concerned there is no difference between a near death experience and an
out-of-body experience’. For him they both are versions of the encounter with
‘other’ or ‘higher’ dimensions’ described shamanic practitioners as
‘journeying’.
Because of the split and downright antagonism that often exists
between those trained in science and those professing particular religions,
there is often little study of each other’s accounts of religious and psychical
phenomena, so books like those mentioned are often not known outside a
narrow circle of experts or academic authorities. Yet it is worth noting that
Carol Zaleski’s book has already spawned a whole academic field of research
into the phenomenology of ‘otherworldly realities’ - there have been several
international conferences to date - while Sogyal’s book is now used world-
wide to help people who are nearing death prepare for their passing over.
My first realization of how important it is to follow a person’s
consciousness into other realms, in whatever way possible, came some
twenty years ago during a psychotherapy session with a woman who had
survived a major car accident and had gone through a classic NDE during
subsequent surgery to save her life. She was still suffering from manifest
PTSD symptoms when she consulted me and I decided to regress her to the
memory of the accident. Not only did she relive the accident and release
much buried trauma held in her body but she also proceeded to re-play the
experience of watching herself from above as ambulance men pulled her body
from the wreckage. She then saw her body taken to the hospital and
undergoing surgery. Next she felt herself drifting up to a higher realm and
meeting with beings of light she recognised as deceased members of her
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family, who told her that her work on earth was not finished and that she must
return. She remembered the pain of coming back in to her body. Prior to the
regression she had not ‘remembered’ any of this. The session profoundly
altered her attitude to death and dying. Indeed what most deeply struck her
was the continuity of her consciousness both before and after her ‘death’ and
both in and out of her body. Later I was to be reminded of this when reading
Sogyal’s remark that ‘birth and death are all in the mind and nowhere else’.
I have deliberately avoided using any one-received picture of other
dimensions, whether Tibetan Buddhist, Christian, spiritualist, shamanic or
other, in trying to understand and classify the NDE experiences of my clients,
those reported in the clinical literature and my own personal ‘journeys’ into
‘other realms’. Rather, my approach has been simply to collect and compare
these different descriptions and claims in the spirit of data gathering, avoiding
rigid or exclusive systems of classification. This is traditionally how the
science of religion proceeds; it uses the phenomenological principle of
reserving judgement as to the ontological status (i.e. which realm of reality) an
experience actually belongs to and simply puts [brackets] or ‘parentheses’
around the descriptive term to indicate that it is too soon to decide upon what
kind of reality to attribute to it. In this way we can make comparisons and
tentative attempts to fit it into difference schemas.
For example: is a vision of a ‘demon’ a projection of a person’s
personal unconscious or a transpersonal denizen of an ‘otherworld’ or ‘hell’?
In other words, does this psychic entity that has a ‘demonic’ appearance have
an autonomous existence or ontology of its own? We cannot know for sure
without addressing all kinds of questions about its origins, context and
behaviour. Taking a tentative approach like this avoids what biologist Sir Peter
Medawar once called the arrogance of ‘nothing buttery’ - it’s nothing but
imagination, it’s nothing but a hallucination, it’s nothing but the misfiring of a
neural circuit. Reductionism of this kind rarely ventures out of the prison of the
closed mind, I regret to say.
Once we start to study reports of NDEs, mystical journeys of ‘the alone
to the Alone’ (Plotinus), past life reports of meeting higher guides between
lives or shamanic accounts of journeys to the Land of the Dead, etc. with the
open minded attitude of phenomenology, numerous question start to present
themselves, not the least of which is whether these states and beings are
‘real’, which is to raise the issue of their ontology. We also find we have to
look carefully at our language, which now seems to be booby-trapped with
what may be symbols, codes or slippery metaphors. What does ‘beyond’ the
body or ‘beyond’ death mean? Is this a spatial picture of another place? How
can it be a place if it is not physical? Does that make such word usage
metaphorical? Is it a symbol and if so, then a symbol of what? Here we might
consider the tantalizing little dictum of a Sufi master, Al Ghazzali:
The visible world was made to correspond to the world invisible and
there is nothing in this world but is a symbol of something in that other
world.
The fact is that one of the first assertions that almost all visionaries,
mystics, journeyers and NDE survivors make is that their visions are, without
question, of actual existent places or worlds, indeed places or worlds that are
manifestly of a non-physical order. It is here that the terminology of ‘other’ or
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‘invisible’ or ‘higher’ worlds seems inescapable in describing such
experiences. To summarize their claims, we have to say that they are positing
a referent that is non-physical and yet real. This upsets the materialist, for
whom there is only one reality, namely this one, and at this point he/she must
either withdraw from the game or recognize that the greatest minds in the
Western tradition have had to face this issue and forgo their assumptions of
one-dimensional reality. When Aristotle, following his master Plato, tried to
summarize the knowledge of his day, after writing the Physics he was obliged
to add another volume, ‘beyond’ (meta) the realm of physics, which in Greek
became the Metaphysics. Plato had already designated a metaxy, or
intermediary world, of subtle spiritual forms that were not physical. Indeed,
according to the eminent Indian scholar Ananda K. Coomeraswamy, Plato
had already been influenced by the teachings of ancient India, for we find
Plato’s idea clearly expressed in the Hindu Upanishads as follows:
There are two states for man - the state in this world and the state in
the next; there is also a third state, the state intermediate between
these two, which can be likened to the dream [state]. While in the
intermediate state a man experiences both the other states, that of this
world and that in the next; and the manner whereof is as follows: when
he dies he lives only in the subtle body, on which are left the
impressions [samskaras, Skt.] of his past deeds, and of those
impressions is he aware, illumined as they are by the light of the
Transcendent Self [atman, Skt.].
Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
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beings of light, ancestors, the Dead etc, exactly as in NDEs. This can be
shown diagrammatically:
For reasons too complex to discuss here, we in the West have mostly
lost touch with these ‘other’ or intermediary worlds. The Christian churches
only pay them lip service, or retail simplistic formulae they don’t understand. It
is naively thought that we ‘go somewhere’ after death, though descriptions of
how and where are mostly stereotypical and ignorant. If there was once a
widespread shamanic or spiritual tradition enabling contact with higher
realities and the spirit realms in the West, it was lost long ago. Some say it
disappeared when the Roman Church threw out the Gnostics and the Mystery
Schools. Others maintain that in persecuting ‘witches’ in the Middle Ages, the
Catholic Church successfully suppressed the last folk remnants of indigenous
shamanic tradition in Europe. Fortunately today, more and more ministers and
priests are taking note of NDE reports and working directly with the realities of
‘spirit” in transition as Canon Beaumont Stevenson’s work eminently shows.
In the ancient world, the Mystery traditions focused on the stories of
divinities such as the dyads of Demeter/Persephone, Isis/Osiris, Cybele/Attis
or on Mithras or Dionysus, all of which depict in their stories a momentous
death and re-birth through the archetype of the Cosmic Mother. Much was
made of these sacred cosmic dramas as models of, and as preparations for,
an individual’s eventual death and transition. In fact it seems that the initiates
were given a kind of rehearsal of their death by being taken to a dark place -
usually a cave or underground chamber - that symbolized the realm of the
dead, or the womb of the Great Mother. In the darkness of the mystery, the
old self died and a new self was reborn with the secret knowledge that it had a
spirit or subtle body that was immortal. ‘He who has seen the Mysteries will
not taste death’, said one initiate.
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The diagram gives a partly symbolic picture of what an initiate into the
Mysteries very likely experienced. The ritual ‘entombment’ vouchsafed for him
or her a vision of the ‘otherworld’ into which he/she would be reborn. Aeneas’
famous descent to visit the Shade of his father Anchises with the Golden
Bough at Nemi is a reference to the Mystery of crossing the River Styx
(situated not far from Nemi) as a transition into the spirit world. Such descents
into the Underworld were no doubt preparatory for a hierophany, or showing
of the divine in the form of an ex-stasis (ecstasy), an out-of-body experience
or ‘ascent’ that enabled an encounter with the transcendent realm of divine
being. Hence the famous saying of Heraklitos: ‘the way up and the way down
are one and the same.
The intermediary or ‘otherworld is multidimensional and is inhabited by
a vast range of differing types of beings in subtle form, ranging from angels to
demons. Perhaps the most commonly encountered spirits are those of our
own ancestors but there are reports of meeting every form of human spirit
being, from highly elevated masters, Gods and demi-gods to degenerated
sub-human and monstrous forms. Many of these spirits live in clusters,
communities, realms or domains of like resonance, held together by ancestral
ties, spiritual commonalities, allegiances, or else similarities of karma, whether
good or bad. Some realms are elevated and radiant with light, some dark and
hellish. Animals spirits abound in their own realms and every kind of paradisal
or hellish landscape may exist, according to the state of being it mirrors for
those souls who have condemned or willed themselves to be there (this is the
teaching of Swedenborg).
The reports of NDEs collected by Raymond Moody (1995) and others
show again and again that the disembodied consciousness meets ‘beings of
light’ on the ‘other side’ we are calling the intermediary realm. These are
frequently ancestors, recently deceased family members, who often counsel
them and reassure them that their sufferings are over or else, as with my
client, counsel them that they still have important work to do on earth. How far
these encounters are determined by the beliefs and expectations of those who
have ‘died’ has not yet been fully explored, but our knowledge from NDEs is
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amplified by thousands of past life reports of dying in a previous life and
making a similar journey.
My own findings, and those of colleagues, suggest that encounters with
ancestors, while being very common, are by no means universal. We have
also observed thousands of past lives of warriors on battlefields and seen
them re-group in the spirit world not with their families so much as with their
bands of comrades or councils of warrior elders that they knew on earth.
Members of religious communities are more likely to meet with their fellow
monks, nuns or sacerdotal communities or with teachers or gurus than return
to their spirit ancestors. Of course, NDEs report numerous encounters with
‘guides” or wise beings of light, which is also confirmed by past life therapy.
Souls who died in a rebellion, or were identified with some cause or
movement, will re-align with their leaders.
The practical importance of these findings, especially for those
counselling the bereaved and working with those approaching death, is
enormous. If only based upon report and not absolute ontological certainty,
the overwhelming majority describe a world of light or a subtle world beyond
this one, that in many ways is a continuity or an extension of this one, but in a
non-physical form, and that in it we will encounter beings in their spiritual form,
usually of a loving and wise nature. We know that this other world has many
dimensions (‘many mansions’ was Jesus’ phrase; the Buddhists talk of
bardos) corresponding to one’s state of spiritual attainment on the earth, high
or low. Great souls who have journeyed many times and in many lifetimes into
and through these realms sometimes leave us their conspectus, their
overview sub specie aeternitatis. The works of Plotinus are an example of this
in the West. Here is the Buddha’s report:
With the heavenly eye, purified and beyond range of human vision, I
saw how beings vanish and come to be again. I saw high and low,
brilliant and insignificant, and how each obtained according to his
karma, a favourable or painful rebirth.
It is only rare souls that attain the clarity of the Buddha, being able to
open their ‘heavenly eye’ (this seems to be a kind of higher consciousness
reported by many spiritual voyagers. Compare ‘the light of Atman or
Transcendent Self’ quoted in the Hindu Upanishad earlier). Nevertheless
many today who practice shamanic ‘journeying’ report the development of
clairvoyant powers such as the ability to see other dimensions or realities or to
perceive ‘other lives’ and ‘spirits’ in people’s auras as well as, in some cases,
learning to contact spirit beings at will. The great authority on shamanism
Mircea Eliade, called shamans ‘technicians of the sacred’ because of their
ability to travel out of body, between worlds, mediating and rebalancing the
intercourse between the living and the dead.
Because of their facility in travelling through and between these
‘otherworlds’, shamans describe quite sophisticated pictures of the spiritual
geography they encounter; this is also true of yogis and great spiritual masters
like the Buddha with whom they share these powers. Such voyagers tell,
when they move between the various inner worlds or bardos, of dark and light
forces, of hierarchies or different planes of heavens and hells. It is, in fact,
their job to navigate what Kahlweit calls ‘inner space’, so as to discriminate
between hostile or malevolent ‘spirit’ beings and to bring back souls who have
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either become lost or captive to these destructive powers or more often just
stuck in their own negativity or despair. The shaman thus journeys
intentionally to various upper or lower realms, deliberately using powers or
‘allies’ from spirit realms to strengthen and help him. Here we hear echoes of
the old hero journeys of myth and legend where the spiritual hero (Moses, St
John the Divine) may either climb the sacred mountain to receive teachings or
descend into hell (Jesus, Aeneas, Dante, Avatars, Bodhisattvas) to encounter
or rescue souls that are lost (see Joseph Campbell’s The Hero with a
Thousand Faces).
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3. the Earth plane or realm of physical or material reality i.e. ‘this’
world (Nirmanakaya) (See Woolger, 2001). This is how they present
themselves hierarchically:
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spirit, prevents it ‘ascending’ to happier realms of light or of even being aware
of the loving spirit presences that are around it, willing to help and heal. The
states of fear, grief, rage at injustice, hatefulness, self-loathing, pride, guilt,
sense of failure and resignation etc. are psychological states of ‘hell’ in which
the old complexes from the previous life on earth are perpetually and
compulsively re-rerun psychically, like repeating tape loops, resulting in them
being even more deeply imprinted. Hence the need, according to the Tibetan
Buddhists, to counsel the soul after death so that it can let go of its earthly
obsessions and experience the joy of deliverance into ‘the Light’ (Amitabha-
buddha). If they are not released by prayer, intervention from ‘higher planes’
or self-awareness (which is by no means easy in this compulsive state of
‘karmic complexes’ as I have called them elsewhere) will re-cycle and become
unconsciously inherited psychic patterns (guilt, low self-esteem,
compulsiveness, anxiety, depression etc.) that will plague future ‘incarnations’,
which is to say other states of being. This is symbolically ‘the wheel of re-birth’
in Eastern teaching. Some of Shakespeare’s final words summarize this
theme:
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Miller S. (1997) After Death: How People Around the World Map the Journey
After Life. New York: Touchstone
Ring K. (1984) Heading Toward Omega. New York: William Morrow
Ring K (1996) Lessons from the Light New Hampshire: Moment Point Press
Sogyal Rinpoche (1992) The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying. London:
HarperCollins
Swedenborg Emmanuel. (1776/1923) Heaven and Hell. London: Dent
Van der Kolk B., McFarland A and Weisarth L (eds) (1996) Traumatic Stress.
New York: Guildford Press
Woolger R. (1989) Other Lives, Other Selves London: HarperCollins (2003).
*Woolger R (1996). ‘Past-Life Regression Therapy’ in Seymour Boorstein
(ed). Transpersonal Psychotherapy. New York: Suny
*Woolger Roger (2001) ‘The Presence of Other Worlds in Psychotherapy and
Healing’ in Beyond the Brain. Ed. David Lorimer Edinburgh: Floris
*Woolger R (2002) ‘Body Psychotherapy and Regression: the Body
Remembers Past Lives" in Staunton, T. (ed). Body Psychotherapy. London:
Routledge
Zaleski C. (1987) Otherworld Journeys: Accounts of Near Death Experience in
Medieval and Modern Times. Oxford University Press
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