EIEI 11)
2H ?JE?=
EIEI
AH
=JA
JE? 11 =JA
>E O ?=
JE?= !
?K=JHE
AIJHA @A
4AF=I
@A E JACH=?E
@A L=HE=> AI
2HE ?EFE @A +=L= EAHE
- AH?E?E
+ IE@AH=H K ?KAHF GKA ?KF= K = HACE A A AIF=?E ? z = a O z = . ,A@K ?= GKA A L K A @A ?KAHF IA FKA@A ?= ?K =H ?
FHA @E@= A JHA I F = I
V =
a
A(t) dt,
@ @A A(t) AI A HA= @A = IA??E
@A ?KAHF
>JA E@ = E JAHIA?=H ?
A F=
z = t.
- AH?E?E
+= ?K =H A L K A @A K = HACE ?E @HE?= 8AHE ?=H GKA = B H K = HAIK J= JA ? E ?E@A = B H K = A F HE?= IKFAH ?EA @A = >=IA F H = JKH=
!
A F=
- AH?E?E
+= ?K =H A L K A @A = HACE
A ?AHH=@= F H A F=H=> E @A @A A?K=?E
z = x2 + y 2 O
z = 2.
.K>>E E
- AH?E?E "
= @ >A
5A= R A HA?J CK
2 R x y dA,
#
R = [1; 1] [0; 1]. -L= K=H =I IECKEA JAI E JACH= AI @ > AI > R x cos(xy ) dA.
- AH?E?E
5A= R A HA?J CK =H>EJH=HE [a; b][c; d]. -NFHAI=H A@E= JA E JACH= AI IE F AI = E JACH= R F (x, y ) dA ?K= @ F (x, y ) AIJ @=@= F H
= F (x, y ) = f (x)g (y ) > F (x, y ) = f (x) + g (y ).
! ,AI?HEF?E
,AI?HE>EH ?
- AH?E?E % - AH?E?E $
@A 4ACE
AI
K = HACE @A JEF
5A= T A JHE CK @A L HJE?AI (0; 0), (2; 3) O (3; 5). ,AI?HE>EH ? K = HACE @A JEF 0= =H A HA=
2=H= ?=@= K = @A =I IECKEA JAI @AI?HEF?E AI CH= ?=H = HACE A HA= HAIFA?JEL= = 1 x 1 + y ; 1 y 1, > 0 y
1 x2 ; 0 x 1 ,
? HHAIF @EA JA O ?= ?K =H
- AH?E?E
5A= P = FEH E@A ?KO I L HJE?AI I EJE?= A JA 0= =H A L K A
&
(0; 0; 0), (1; 0; 0), (0; 1; 0) O (0; 0; 1). ,AI?HE>EH = = =
" )F E?=?E
- AH?E?E '
AI @A = E JACH=
A@E @A = BK ?E
f (x, y ) = x2 y A
A@E 0= =H A L= H L HJE?AI (1; 1); (2; 0) O (0; 1).
- AH?E?E
8= H
= HACE
JHE= CK =H @A
@A IE@=@ @A
- AH?E?E
=I= 0= =H = =I= @A = HACE AIB HE?= x2 + y 2 + (z R)2 = R2 I=>EA @ GKA = =I= AI FH F H?E = = = ? F A JA z, @EC= I = z.
+= F CH=LEJ=J HE + IE@AHA I K ?KAHF =JAHE= ? @A IE@=@ (x, y, z ). GKA ?KF= = HACE R3 . ) F=HJEH @A =I AOAI @A AMJ IA I=>A GKA A LA?J H ?= F CH=LEJ=J HE GKA =F=HA?A A A FK J @A ? H@A =@=I ?=HJAIE= =I (x, y, z ) AIJ @=@ F H = IECKEA JA E JACH= AI?HEJ= A B H = LA?J HE= ? H = (x, y, z ), =I ? H@A =@=I @A FK J @ @A GKAHA I A@EH A ?= F H = (x , y , z ), =I ? H@A =@=I @A K FK J CA HE? @A ?KAHF O G K = ? IJ= JA K ELAHI=
E (H) = G
HH (H ) dV (H ) . |H H |3
@A H -IJ D=?A IKF AH F=H= FK J I A = I A ?= F FKA@A =FH NE =HIA F H A ?= F CH=LEJ=J HE GKA H IA >JEA A = ? ?A JH=H = =I= J J= M A A HECA E0 (H) = M G 3 2H >=H GKA AIJ AI HA= A JA =I -I @A?EH FH >=H GKA
H
H
5KF C= I GKA A ?KAHF ?KF= K = HACE =? J=@= A A AIF=?E @EC= I BR (0) O >IAHLA I GKA E (H) H1 2 ?K= @ H ) A@E@= GKA H = @EHA??E @A LA?J H H H ? H IA F=HA?A I O I = = @EHA??E
lim
E (H) E0 (H) = 0.
J= 0A I KI=@ = J=?E x, y F=H= A FH @K?J AI?= =H @A I LA?J HAI = E@A= @A A AH?E?E AI =FH LA?D=H F=H= D=> =H @A E JACH=H LA?J HAI O @A = @AIECK= @=@ B B
JE
# += >E @A 8=HE=> AI
- AH?E?E
HA?J CK [0, 3] [1, 3].
5A= T (u, v ) = T (x(u, v ), y (u, v )) = (a11 u + a12 v, a21 u + a22 v ) ? -I >EOA?JEL= T >IAHL=H GKA D AI K F=H= A CH=
aij R 5A= D A
= 0= =H D = T (D )
O D= =H IK HA= D=O GKA E JACH=H
> ,AI?HE>EH A HA= @A D A JAH E I @A K = E JACH= I >HA D 1 @E?=H GK BK ?E O GK HA =?E JEA A ? T
- AH?E?E !
= >
5A= D A F=H= A CH=
@A L HJE?AI (1, 2), (5, 3), (2, 5), (6, 6) += ?K =H
xy dxdy y ) dxdy
D (x
5KCAHA ?E= 2 = JA=H =I E JACH= AI ?
- AH?E?E
E JACH= AI I >HA A ?K=@H=@ D = [0, 1] [0, 1]
=?E
5A= D = {(r, ) : 0 r 1, 0 2 } D = {(x, y ) : x2 + y 2 1} O P = JH= IB H @A ? H@A =@=I F =HAI = ?=HJAIE= =I AI @A?EH P (r, ) = (x(r, ), y (r, )) = (r cos , r sin )
"
=
IJH=H GKA P (D ) = D -I >EOA?JEL= P
[r, r + r] [, + ]
> - GK JH= IB H = P A HA?J CK
? += ?K =H = =JHE DP (r, ) - GK JH= IB H = = =F E?=?E @=@ A > ; A A ?=I r = 0 @ -I?HE>EH = @A IJH=?E ? HHAIF @EA JAI
- AH?E?E #
@=@= F H AIJ= =JHE = HA?J CK I @E>K I
@A = B H K = @A ?= >E @A L=HE=> AI A AIJA ?=I D=?EA @
5A= D1 = {(r, ) : 0 r 1, 0 < 4 } O P = JH= IB H =?E
+ y 2 ) dxdy O
D1
@A A AH?E?E = JAHE H F =H
= 0= =H D = P (D1 ) > += ?K =H
2 D (x
r2 J drd IEA @ J A =? >E=
@A = JH= IB H =?E
,= ECK= =I @ I E JACH= AI
- AH?E?E $
2 H GK
(x2 + y 2 )2 = 2a2 (x2 y 2 ) -IJ=
0= =H A HA= =? J=@= F H = ?KHL= @=@= F H = A?K=?E ?KHL= IA = = A EI?=J=
- AH?E?E %
+= ?K =H 2 2 F H x + y 1 O @A>=
- AH?E?E &
@A ?
z dx dy dz @
@A B AI = HACE I >HA A F = @=@ F H z = (x2 + y 2 )1/2
xy @A JH @A ?E E @H @=@
5A= E A A EFI E@A @=@ F H (x2 /a2 ) + (y 2 /b2 ) + (z 2 /c2 ) 1
= 0= =H A L K A @A E > += ?K =H
2 2 E [(x /a )
+ (y 2 /b2 ) + (z 2 /c2 )] dxdydz.
"
- AH?E?E '
(x2
y 2 )z 2
0= =H A ?A JH @A
=I= @A ?E E @H x2 + y 2 1
1 z 2 IE = @A IE@=@ AI
AIJ @A
- AH?E?E
5E K I E@ W JEA A @A IE@=@ K EB H A A E@ F H
A J @A E AH?E= = HA@A@ H @A A A x
Ix =
W
(y 2 + z 2 ) dx dy dz
O= C= A JA IA @A A Iy A Iz 5A= =D H= W A I E@ ? @A IE@=@ ? IJ= JA =? J=@ F H =HHE>= F H A F = z = a O F H @A>= F H A ? @AI?HEFJ A ? H@A =@=I AIB HE?=I F H = k @ @A k AI K = ? IJ= JA J= GKA 0 < k < /2 ,=H K = E JACH= F=H= IK A J @A E AH?E= = HA@A@ H @A A A z
