CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS in activated sludge process
Jiri Wanner
Prague Institute of Chemical Technology Association of Wastewater Experts
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
Separation of activated sludge in
secondary clarifiers Construction of modern secondary clarifiers Examples from Czech WWTPs Design criteria used in the Czech Rep. Membranes as alternative to gravity sedimentation
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
1. EFFLUENT QUALITY
( BOD 5 )TOT . = ( BOD 5 )SOL.+ k X
0 .7 ( X 0 / X ) k = 1 + 0 .0 4 4 X
C O D : 1 m g X 0 1 ,4 m g C O D
TKN: 6 - 8% N ORG IN X P T O T .: c a 2 % P I N X
UP TO 9 -10% IN EBPR
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
2. THICKENING OF RAS and WAS
I
V,X ST
E XE
RAS WAS XR = X W
R X = XR 1+ R
L O W X R and X w
PROBLEMS WITH X OVERLOADING OF SLUDGE HANDLING FACILITIES
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
BASIC CLARIFIER CONFIGURATIONS
CIRCULAR, RADIAL FLOW (DORR) RECTANGULAR, HORIZONTAL FLOW:
LONGITUDINAL FLOW TRANSVERSE FLOW
CIRCULAR or RECTANGULAR, VERTICAL FLOW
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
DEGASIFICATION OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE MIXED LIQUOR
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
CIRCULAR, RADIAL FLOW, according to Albertson INLET STRUCTURE EFFICIENT SLUDGE SCRAPER SCUM SKIMMER OUTLET STRUCTURE
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
FLOW DIAGRAM OF CIRCULAR CLARIFIER (IAWQ STR No.6)
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
INLET STRUCTURE
INFLUENT, ENERGY DISIPATING WELL CLARIFLOW PORTS FOR TANGENTIAL FLOW (questionable) FLOCCULATION ZONE
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
WHAT HAPPENS IN CLARIFIERS WITH FLOCCULATION ZONE
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
FLOCCULATION ZONE
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
No flocculation zone
Flocculation zone
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
Scum accumulation with tangential inflow
Unprotected weirs of effluent launder
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
FLOCCULATION ZONE
New construction of flocculation zone upper deflector preventing the
accumulation of scum lower deflector preventing the disturbances in the separation and thickening zones
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
FLOCCULATION ZONE
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
COVER
INLET
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
FOR LARGE CLARIFIERS
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
AND FOR SMALL CLARIFIERS (10.5 m total )
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
STAMFORD BAFFLE DEFLECTOR (SEE LATER)
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
OUTLET STRUCTURE
PREFERABLY PERIPHERAL LAUNDER AND WEIR LAUNDER SOMETIMES COVERED (against algae growth) SCUM BAFFLE STAMFORD BAFFLE
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
CONTROL OF ALGAE GROWTH
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
THE IMPORTANCE OF SCUM BAFFLES
WITHOUT BAFFLES: FLOATING BIOMASS ESCAPES TO THE EFFLUENT
WITH BAFFLES: CLEAR EFFLUENT PROBLEMS WITH COLLECTED SCUM
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
THE IMPORTANCE OF SCUM BAFFLES
Floating sludge
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
EFFLUENT PIPES INSTEAD OF SCUM BAFFLES
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
EFFLUENT PIPES INSTEAD OF SCUM BAFFLES
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
COLLECTION OF SCUM classical scum box - low efficiency
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
COLLECTION OF SCUM classical scum box - low efficiency
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
COLLECTION OF SCUM
classical scum box - often overloaded with scum
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
COLLECTION OF SCUM travelling scum box
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
COLLECTION OF SCUM travelling scum box
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
COLLECTION OF SCUM pneumatic systems
SCUM AIR
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
COLLECTION OF SCUM pneumatic systems
VENTILATOR
SCUM SKIMMER
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
COLLECTION OF SCUM pneumatic systems
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
COLLECTION OF SCUM pneumatic systems
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
THE ROLE OF STAMFORD BAFFLE
Turns the sludge flow back to the separation zone
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
Stamford baffle with peripheral launders
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
no need of Stamford baffle with internal launders
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
REMOVAL OF THICKENED SLUDGE
MOST COMMON TODAY
SPIRAL SCRAPERS
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
SPIRAL SCRAPERS
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
REMOVAL OF THICKENED SLUDGE combined shape of scraper
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
RECTANGULAR CLARIFIERS
inlet baffle: energy dissipation, mixed liquor distribution flocculation zone: mechanical or hydraulic mixing effluent launders at side walls
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
FLOW REGIME IN RECTANGULAR CLARIFIERS
Effl.
Infl.
Effl.
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
effluent launders at side walls
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
hydraulic removal of thickened sludge
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
SKIMMERS AND SCRAPERS ON ENDLESS CHAIN
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
CLARIFIER DESIGN PARAMETERS ACCORDING TO CSN 75 6401
hydraulic loading v = Q/A 1.6 m/h for Qmax; 0.7-1.2 for Q24 HRT 1.8 h solids flux NA = (Q x X)/A 6 kg/(m2.h) hydraulic loading of the effluent weir < 10 m3/(m.h) R = QR/Q < 1.5 and SVI < 150 ml/g
