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Cartesian Closed Categories Explained

This document summarizes 4 problems from a lecture on Cartesian closed categories: 1. It shows that the functors -×Y and -;Y are adjoint, with -×Y left adjoint to -;Y. 2. It defines curry as the unique partially applied morphism λg from exponentials and discusses evaluation. 3. It defines a category 2 with two objects A and B connected by a single arrow and discusses products. 4. It notes that the category of sets is trivially Cartesian closed with singleton sets as terminals and Cartesian products and exponentials of sets.

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118 views2 pages

Cartesian Closed Categories Explained

This document summarizes 4 problems from a lecture on Cartesian closed categories: 1. It shows that the functors -×Y and -;Y are adjoint, with -×Y left adjoint to -;Y. 2. It defines curry as the unique partially applied morphism λg from exponentials and discusses evaluation. 3. It defines a category 2 with two objects A and B connected by a single arrow and discusses products. 4. It notes that the category of sets is trivially Cartesian closed with singleton sets as terminals and Cartesian products and exponentials of sets.

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HOMEWORK, LECTURE 5

JASON DUSEK

Problem 1
We wish to show X × Y → Z ∼= X → Z Y . In our Cartesian Closed Category, we
Y
have functors − × Y and − ; these are endofunctors in in some category C. They
are adjoint:

(− × Y ) a (−Y )
From adjointness we have:

C1 (X × Y, Z) ∼
= C1 (X, Z Y )
Y
To see that − is right adjoint to −×Y , for each Z we need a terminal morphism
from −×Y to Z that goes through −Y . For each f : X ×Y → Z, we need morphisms
Z and g to satisfy:

X X ×Y
f
g g×1Y
  
ZY Z Y × Y Z / Z
Setting g = λf and Z = eval, our uniqueness properties are readily satisfied
from the definitions of the product and exponential.
To see that − × Y is left adjoint to −Y , we need to show that for each X we
have an initial morphism from X to −Y that goes through − × Y . Without further
ado, the diagram:

X ηX / (X × Y )Y X ×Y
g 1Y g
f
)  
ZY Z
Setting ηX = λh1X , 1Y i and g = λ∗ f , we are assured that g is unique because
the currying operation is an isomorphism (though we don’t exhibit λ∗ ).

Problem 2
In a Cartesian Closed Category, exponentials offer a unique partially appplied
morphism λg : X → Z Y for every morphism g : X × Y → Z as well as an evaluation
morphism eval : Z Y × Y → Z. We call λ : (X × Y → Z) → (X → Z Y ) by the name
curry.

Date: October 29, 2009.


1
2 JASON DUSEK

X X ×Y
g
λg λg×1Y
  
ZY Z Y × Y eval /Z

We can substitute eval in to the rightmost diagram to get:

ZY × Y
eval
λeval×1Y
 
Z Y × Y eval /Z

It is easy to see that setting λeval = 1Z Y makes the diagram commute and
uniqueness of λeval takes care of the rest.

Problem 3
The category 2 has two objects, A and B, and a single arrow from one to the
other, ab : A → B (in addition to the identity arrows):

A ab / B
Then for each function f : X → Y in some category C, we have:

R
p

rA
 rB
P

pA pB
v 
A f /( B
Then (P, pA , pB ) is a product with the additional restriction that f ◦ pA = pB .

Problem 4
The category of sets contains every set and all morphisms between sets. It is
trivially Cartesian Closed:
• The terminal object is any singleton set.
• The products are the Cartesian products of sets and all products exist.
• Every pair of sets leads to a set of morphisms between those sets, providing
our exponentials.

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