CTP146N Signal Processing ANNEX 7.7.3.- Basic Exercises 2__ pub.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John Bofarull Guix 1 / 8
ANNEX 7.7.3 BASIC EXERCISES 2

Contents

plot
LTI system responses
fft
hggroup, hgtransform
processing files

________________________

PLOT

note: MSWord autocorrection replaces 3 dots with a character that looks like 3 dots but when cut and pasted to MATLAB
command window, MATLAB returns error, and it doesn't point to the 3 dots, it points some characters left.

set(0,'DefaultAxesColorOrder',[0 0 0],'DefaultAxesLineStyleOrder','-|-.|--|:')
plot(rand(12,2));hold all;plot(randn(12,2))

x = -pi:pi/10:pi;
y = tan(sin(x)) - sin(tan(x));
plot(x,y,'--rs','LineWidth',2,'MarkerEdgeColor','k','MarkerFaceColor','g','MarkerSize',10)

x=-pi:pi/10:pi
y=sin(x)
plot(x,y)
set(gca,'XTick',-pi:pi/2:pi)
set(gca,'XTickLabel',{'-pi','-pi/2','0','pi/2','pi'})
xlabel('-\pi \leq \Theta \leq \pi')
ylabel('sin(\Theta)')
title('Plot of sin(\Theta)')
text(-pi/4,sin(-pi/4),'\leftarrow sin(-\pi/4)','HorizontalAlignment','left')

set(findobj(gca,'Type','line','Color',[0 0 1]),'Color','r','LineWidth',2)

x = -pi:.1:pi;
y = sin(x);
plot(x,y)
set(gca,'XTick',-pi:pi/2:pi)
set(gca,'XTickLabel',{'-pi','-pi/2','0','pi/2','pi'})
xlabel('-\pi \leq \Theta \leq \pi')
ylabel('sin(\Theta)')
title('Plot of sin(\Theta)')
text(-pi/4,sin(-pi/4),'\leftarrow sin(-\pi/4)','HorizontalAlignment','left')
set(findobj(gca,'Type','line','Color',[0 0 1]),'Color','red','LineWidth',2)


LTI system responses

sys=tf([8 18 32],[1 6 14 24])
subplot(211);step(sys);subplot(212); impulse(sys)
clf;t=0:.01:4;u=sin(10*t);lsim(sys,u,t)

A=[-.8 3.6 -2.1;3 -1.2 4.8;3 -4.3 -1.1]
B=[0;-1.1;-.2]
C=[1.2 0 .6]
D=-.6
G=ss(A,B,C,D)
x0=[-1;0;2] % initial state
initial(G,x0);grid

sys=tf([8 18 32],[1 6 14 24]);bode(sys);grid
nyquist(sys);grid
CTP146N Signal Processing ANNEX 7.7.3.- Basic Exercises 2__ pub.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John Bofarull Guix 2 / 8

% feedback loop
s=tf('s');
G=-(2*s+1)/(s^2+3*s+2);
k=.7
T=feedback(G*k,1)
pzmap(T);grid on;axis([-2 0 -1 1])
clf;step(T)

% for k=1.5 system becomes unstable

rlocus(G);grid on;step(T)

sys=rss(3,2,2);
sys.a=[-.5 -.3 -.2;0 -1.3 -1.7;.4 1.7 -1.3];step(T);
sigma(sys);grid on

% comparing systems
k1 = 0.4; T1 = feedback(G*k1,1);
k2 = 1; T2 = feedback(G*k2,1);
step(T,'b',T1,'r',T2,'g')
legend('k = 0.7','k = 0.4','k = 1')

x=-2.9:.2:2.9;bar(x,exp(-x.*x))
x=0:0.25:10;stairs(x,sin(x));
x=-2:0.1:2;
y=erf(x);
e = rand(size(x))/10;
errorbar(x,y,e);

t=0:0.01:2*pi;
polar(t,abs(sin(2*t).*cos(2*t)));
x = 0:0.1:4;
y = sin(x.^2).*exp(-x);
stem(x,y)

load [Link]
scatter(count(:,1),count(:,2),'r*')
xlabel('Number of Cars on Street A');
ylabel('Number of Cars on Street B');

FFT

load [Link]
year=sunspot(:,1);
relNums=sunspot(:,2);
plot(year,relNums)
title('Sunspot Data')
plot(year(1:50),relNums(1:50),'b.-')

Y=fft(relNums);Y(1)=[]
plot(Y,'ro')
title('Fourier Coefficients in complex plane');xlabel('Real part');ylabel('Imaginary part')

n=length(Y);
power = abs(Y(1:floor(n/2))).^2;
nyquist = 1/2;
freq = (1:n/2)/(n/2)*nyquist;
plot(freq,power)
xlabel('cycles/year')
title('Periodogram')

plot(freq(1:40),power(1:40))
xlabel('cycles/year')

CTP146N Signal Processing ANNEX 7.7.3.- Basic Exercises 2__ pub.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John Bofarull Guix 3 / 8
period=1./freq;
plot(period,power);
axis([0 40 0 2e+7]);
ylabel('Power');
xlabel('Period (Years/Cycle)');

hold on;
index=find(power==max(power));
mainPeriodStr=num2str(period(index));
plot(period(index),power(index),'r.', 'MarkerSize',25);
text(period(index)+2,power(index),['Period = ',mainPeriodStr]);
hold off;



HGROUP() and HGTRANSFORM()

hggroup() groups objects but does not have axes rotation, scaling, translation methods

EXAMPLE 1 HOW TO CREATE OBJECTS: BUILD OBJECT AND MAKE A COPY

ax = axes('XLim',[-1.5 1.5],'YLim',[-1.5 1.5],... % 1. set pitch
'ZLim',[-1.5 1.5]);
view(3); grid on; axis equal

[x y z] = cylinder([.3 0]); % 2. create surface objects to group
h(1) = surface(x,y,z,'FaceColor','red');
h(2) = surface(x,y,-z,'FaceColor','green');
h(3) = surface(z,x,y,'FaceColor','blue');
h(4) = surface(-z,x,y,'FaceColor','cyan');
h(5) = surface(y,z,x,'FaceColor','magenta');
h(6) = surface(y,-z,x,'FaceColor','yellow');

t = hgtransform('Parent',ax); %3. create a void hgtransform object and (link) parent previous surface
objects to it
set(h,'Parent',t)
set(gcf,'Renderer','opengl') % 4. select renderer and show object
drawnow

Rz = eye(4); % 5. init rotation and scaling arrays
Sxy = Rz;

for r = 1:.1:2*pi % 6. rotation: Z-axis
Rz = makehgtform('zrotate',r);

Sxy = makehgtform('scale',r/4); % Scaling matrix

set(t,'Matrix',Rz*Sxy) % Concatenate the transforms and set the hgtransform property 'Matrix'
drawnow
end
pause(1)

set(t,'Matrix',eye(4)) % 7. reset original orientation and size


EXAMPLE 2:

t1 = hgtransform('Parent',ax); % 3. create 2 objects, they are overlapping!
t2 = hgtransform('Parent',ax);

set(gcf,'Renderer','openGL') % 4. choose renderer

set(h,'Parent',t1) % 5. group (parent) surfaces into respective single objects
h2 = copyobj(h,t2);

CTP146N Signal Processing ANNEX 7.7.3.- Basic Exercises 2__ pub.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John Bofarull Guix 4 / 8
Txy = makehgtform('translate',[-1.5 -1.5 0]); % 6. translation of 2nd object away from 1st object
set(t2,'Matrix',Txy)
drawnow

for r = 1:.1:20*pi % 7. Rotation in [rad] 10*2*pi, using one rotation to rotate 2 objects
opposite spin
Rz = makehgtform('zrotate',r);
set(t1,'Matrix',Rz) % Set both hgtransform objects to rotate with 'Matrix'
set(t2,'Matrix',Txy*inv(Rz))
drawnow
end

makehgtransform() generates 'Matrix' inputs according to desired operation: Scale, Rotate, Translate


M = makehgtform identity
M = makehgtform('translate',[tx ty tz]) or M = makehgtform('translate',tx,ty,tz)
M = makehgtform('scale',s) scales uniform scaling
M = makehgtform('scale',[sx,sy,sz]) dimension pondered scaling
M = makehgtform('xrotate',t) rotates around x-axis t[rad]
M = makehgtform('yrotate',t) rotates around y-axis t[rad]
M = makehgtform('zrotate',t) rotates around z-axis t[rad]
M = makehgtform('axisrotate',[ax,ay,az],t) Rotate around axis [ax ay az] by t radians.

multiple operations can be specified in single call:
m = makehgtform('xrotate',pi/2,'yrotate',pi/2); is the same as m = makehgtform('xrotate',pi/2)
*makehgtform('yrotate',pi/2);



PROCESSING FILES


[Link]
check contents: whos -file [Link]
or selecting in current folder
load [Link] testDataSummary
type [Link] tells the
save [Link] -v7.3
load [Link] testDataSummary
type [Link]
matFileObj=matfile('[Link]')
[Link]([Link],1:3)
size(matFileObj,'testDataFull')
[Link](1:8,1:8)
[Link]=true
[Link](1:5,1:5)=zeros(5,5)