CALIGRAPHY
The flowing, brush-drawn Japanese rendering of text itself is seen as a traditional art form as well as
a means of conveying written information. The written work can consist of phrases, poems, stories,
or even single characters. The style and format of the writing can mimic the subject matter, even to
the point of texture and stroke speed. In some cases, it can take over one hundred attempts to
produce the desired effect of a single character but the process of creating the work is considered as
much an art as the end product itself.
This calligraphy form is known as 'shod' () which literally means 'the way of writing or
calligraphy' or more commonly known as 'shji' () 'learning how to write characters'.
Commonly confused with Calligraphy is the art form known as 'sumi-e' () literally means 'ink
painting' which is the art of the paintings a scene or object.
IKEBANA
Ikebana (, , or ) is the Japanese art of flower arrangement. It has gained widespread
international fame for its focus on harmony, color use, rhythm, and elegantly simple design. It is an
art centered greatly on expressing the seasons, and is meant to act as a symbol to something
greater than the flower itself.
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Architecture
Much in the traditional architecture of Japan is not native, but was imported from China and other
Asian cultures over the centuries. Japanese traditional architecture and its history are as a
consequence dominated by Chinese and Asian techniques and styles (present even in Ise Shrine,
held to be the quintessence of Japanese architecture) on one side, and by Japanese original
variations on those themes on the other.[2]
The roof is the most visually impressive component, often constituting half the size of the whole
edifice.[2] The slightly curved eaves extend far beyond the walls, covering verandas, and their weight
must therefore be supported by complex bracket systems called toky, in the case of temples and
shrines. Simpler solutions are adopted in domestic structures. The oversize eaves give the interior a
characteristic dimness, which contributes to the building's atmosphere. The interior of the building
normally consists of a single room at the center called moya, from which depart any other less
important spaces.