2

II.
Percaktimi i parametrave, kur dihet:

cp= 0.907 (kj/kgK)

cv= 0.672 (kj/kgK)
R = 235 (kj/kgK)

cp
 1.3 5
cv
cp – cv = R

 Per piken 1.

p1 = 0.9 (bar)= 0.9 * 105

R  T1 235  303
v1= ? p1v1  RT1  v1    0.72 (m3/kg)
p1 0.9  10 5
T1= 303 (K)

 Per piken 2.

p2 = 40 (bar)
v2 = ? - procesi (1 – 2) politropik, si i tille na jep:
T2 = ?
n = 1.3
1 1
 p n  0.9  10 5  1..3
 0.043 m 
3
p v  p 2 v  v 2  v1  1   0.972  
n n

1 1 2
 kg 
 40  10
5
 p2  

p 2 v 2 40  10 5  0.043
p 2 v 2  RT2  T2    732( K )
R 235

 Per piken 3.

p3 = 40 (bar)
R  T3 235  873
v3 = ? p 3 v3  RT3  v3    0.0.51 (m3/kg)
p3 40  10 5
t3 = 600 o C  T3=873 (K)

3
  Per piken 4.

p4 = ? - Procesi (4-1) izohorik, si i tille na jep:

v4 = ?
T4 = ? v4= v1 = 0.792 (m3?kg)
n = 1.2

procesi (3 – 4) politropik, si i tille na jep:

1. 2
 v n  0.051 
p3 v  p 4 v  p 4  p3  3   40  10 5
n
3
n
4    148824.  3467( pa )
 p4   0.792 

p 4 v 4 148824.3467  0.792
p 4 v 4  RT4  T4    502( K )
R 235

Tabela nr. 1.

Gjendia p (kpa) v (m3/kg) T (K)

1 90 0.792 303
2 4000 0.043 732
3 4000 0.051 873
4 148.8243467 0.792 502

4
- Eksergjia e rrymes per piken 1.
 p
p1 1
P1 = 0.9 (bar) δq = 0

T1 = 303 (K)
ΔT = 0
Po = 1 (bar)
Px x
To = 273 (K) po o
v
e x1 = ? v1 vx vo

e x1 = lmax = l(1-x) + l(x-o)

(1-x) – process adiabatic

q = l(1-x) + Δh l(1-x) =-Δh = cp( T1 – Tx)

0
(x – 1) – process izotermik

q = l(x-o)+ Δh l(x-o) = Tx Δs Tx = To
0

p 0 .9 kj 
Δs = R ln p  0.235 ln 0.6  0.120 kgK 
1

x
k 1.35
T1k Txk  T  k 1  273  1..351
k 1
 k 1
 p x  p1  o   0.9  10 5    0.6  10 5  pa 
p1 px T
 1  303 

e x1= 0.907 (303 – 273) + 273*0.120 = 5.55 (kj/kg)

5
III.
  Procesi (1-2) politropik.

 Treguesi i politropes.

cn  c p
 n=? n
c n  cv
 n  1.3

 Nxetesia specifike.

nk 1.3  1.35

cn= ? c n  cv  0.672  0.112 ( kj / kgK )
n 1 1 .3  1

 ≠ i energjise se brendeshme.

Δu = ? Δu = cv (T2 – T1) = 0.672 (732 – 303 ) = 288.288 (kj/kg)

 ≠ i entropies.

T 732
Δs = c n ln T  0.112  ln 303  0.099(kj / kg )
2
Δs = ?
1

 ≠ i entalpise.

Δh = ? Δh = cp ( T2 – T1) = 0.907 (732 – 303 ) = 389.103 (kj/kg)]

 Sasia e nxetesis.

q=? q = cn(T2 – T3) = -0.112 (732 – 303) = -49.048 (kj/kg)

 Puna e kryer.

1 1
l ? l R (T2  T1 )  0.235(303  732)  335.65(kj / kg )
n 1 1.3  1

 Puna teknike.

lt  ? l t  n  l  1.3  ( 332.65)  436.865(kj / kg )

6
 Eksergjia e nxetsis.

exq = ? exq = q – To Δs = 48.048 – 273*0.099 = 17.472 (kj/kgK)

 T
2
T2
1
T1

eksergjia

To
anergjia

S
s2 s1

 Procesi (2 – 3) izobarik.

 Treguesi i politropes.

cn  c p
 n=? n
c n  cv
n0

 Nxetesia specifike.

nk
cn= ? c n  cv  c p  0.907(kj / kgK )
n 1
 ≠ i energjise se brendeshme.

Δu = ? Δu = cv (T3 – T2) = 0.672 (873 - 732) = 94.752 (kj/kg)

 ≠ i entropies.

T 873
Δs = c p ln T  0.907  ln 732  0.160(kj / kgK )
3
Δs = ?
2

 ≠ i entalpise.

Δh = ? Δh = cp ( T3 – T2) = 0.907 (873 - 732) = 128.047 (kj/kg)

 Sasia e nxetesis.

q=? q = cp(T3 – T2) = 0.747(509 – 373) = 101592 (kj/kg)

 Puna e kryer.
 3

l ? l   pdv  p(v3  v 2 )  4000(0.051  0.043)  32(kj / kg )

2

 Puna teknike.

lt  ? l t    vdp  0

 Eksergjia e nxetsis.

exq = ? exq = q – To Δs = 128.047 – 273*0.160 = 84.367 (kj/kgK)

T3
3
2
T2
eksergjia

To
anergjia

S
s2 s3

 Procesi (3 – 4) politropik.

 Treguesi i politropes.

cn  c p
n=? n  n  1.2
cn  cv
  Nxetesia specifike.

nk 1.2  1.35

cn= ? c n  cv  0.672  0.504( kj / kgK )
n 1 1.2  1

 ≠ i energjise se brendeshme.

Δu = ? Δu = cv (T4 – T3) = 0.672 (502 – 873 ) = - 249.312 (kj/kg)

 ≠ i entropies.

T 502
Δs = cn ln T  0.504  ln 873  0.279(kj / kgK )
4
Δs = ?
3

 ≠ i entalpise.

Δh = ? Δh = cp ( T4 – T3) = 0.672 (502 – 873 ) = - 335.013 (kj/kg)

 Sasia e nxetesis.

q=? q = cn(T4 – T3) = -0.504 (502 – 873) = 186.984 (kj/kg)

 Puna e kryer.

1 1
l ? l R(T3  T4 )  0.235(873  502)  436.925(kj / kg )
n 1 1.2  1

 Puna teknike.

lt  ? lt  n  l  1.2  432.925  523.43(kj / kg )

 Eksergjia e nxetsis.

exq = ? exq = q – To Δs = 186.984 – 273*0.279 = 110.817 (kj/kg)

T
3
T3
 4
T4

eksergjia

To
anergjia

s3 s4 S
 Procesi (4 – 1) izohorik.

 Treguesi i politropes.

cn  c p
n=? n  n  
cn  cv

 Nxetesia specifike.

nk
cn= ? cn  cv  cv  0.672(kj / kgK )
n 1

 ≠ i energjise se brendeshme.

Δu = ? Δu = cv (T1 – T4) = 0.672 (303 – 502 ) = -133.728 (kj/kg)

 ≠ i entropies.

T 303
Δs = c p ln T  0.907  ln 502  0.339(kj / kgK )
1
Δs = ?
4

 ≠ i entalpise.

Δh = ? Δh = cp ( T1 – T4) = 0.907 (303 - 502) = -182.137 (kj/kg)

10

 Sasia e nxetesis.

q=? q = cp(T1 – T4) = 0.672(303 – 503) = -133.728 (kj/kg)

 Puna e kryer.
1

l ? l   pdv  0
4

 Puna teknike.
lt  ? lt    vdp  v( p 4  p1 )  0.792(148.8243467  90)  46.689(kj / kg

 Eksergjia e nxetsis.

exq = ? exq = q – To Δs = 133.728 – 273*0.339 = 41.181 (kj/kg)

T
T4
4
1
T1
eksergjia

To
anergjia

S
s1 s4

Tabela nr. 2

Δu Δs Δh q l lt exq
Procesi n (kj/kg) (kj/kgK) (kj/kg) (kj/kg) (kj/kg) (kj/kg) (kj/kg)
(1-2) 1.3 288.288 -0.099 389.103 -49.048 -335.65 -436.865 17.476
(2-3) 0 94.752 0.160 128.047 128.047 32 0 84.387
(3-4) 1.2 -249.312 0.279 -335.013 186.984 436.925 523.43 110.827
(4-1)  -133.728 -0.339 -182.137 133.728 0 46.689 41.181
cikli - 0 0.001 0.001 132.255 132.275 132.256 -

11

 Rendimenti termik i ciklit.

lc 132.275
 tc    0.423  42.3%
q N 315.031

IV.

 Eksergjia e dhene nga niveli i siperm

e xqN  ? e xqN    q  0  T0   s  0   315.031  273  0.439  195.184(kj / kg )

  Eksergjia e dhene nga niveli poshtem.

e xqF  ? e xqF    q  0   T0   s  0  181  273  0.438  62.202( kj / kg )

 Rendimenti eksergjitik i ciklit.

lc 132.275
 exc    0.683  68.3%
e xqN 195.184

12
V.
 Cikli Karno qe punon ne temp ekstreme dhe ai i barasvlefshem.

T3 2’ 3 3’

T 2 2
1
T bv a b

T4 4
 T2bv d c

T1 1’ 1 4’

s2 s3 s1 s4 s

Cikli 1-2-3-4-1 cikli real.

Cikli 1’-2’-3’-4’-1’ cikli Karno qe punon ne temp. ekstreme.

Cikli a-b-c-d-a cikli Karno i barasvlefshem.

 Rendimenti i ciklit karno.

TN  TF 873  303
 tK    0.653  65.3%
TN 873

 Ndertimi i ciklit te barasvlefshem Karno.

Tbv1 
  q  0  2315.031  717.6( K )
  s  0 0.439

Tbv2 
  q  0  181.776  415( K )
  s  0 0.438
 Rendimenti termik i ciklit te barasvlefshem Karno.

Tbv1  Tbv2 717.6  415

 K
tbv    0.422  42.2%
Tbv1 717.6
1
I.
 Paraqitja ne diagramat <p;v>, <T;s>, <h;s>.

<p;v> p p=cost
p2=p3 2 3
pv1.2=cost

p4 4
v=cost
1.3
pv =cost
p1 1
 v
v2 v3 v1=v4
T
<T;s>
T3 3
p=cost

T2 2 pv1.3=cost

T4 4

pv1.3=cost v=cost
T1 1

s2 s3 s1 s4 s

<h;s> h
h3 3
p=cost

h2 2 pv1.3=cost

h4 4

pv1.3=cost v=cost
h1 1

s2 s3 s1 s4 s