Logarithm

Formula: x x a y log
a

13.46.12.2.log.xabl..lxoyggcy .lloa1gnxg.ba logl10xby
1 yx
9.5.8.17.0aa .xaalolloog glogybngalyoalgoyagxyaxy aa cloalog by
y x loglogxy

a5.a laog x na alog x a acalog y xgayblyogyaxyy logala1ogyxb

1463.2.. logxglb.yxoygc 1laognx.a log01xby 112.. logax.log y.logb loxgb
a
a10.9.7.8.xxaxxloglolog
ay
x log yx
Exercises

1. Evaluate !!
3
a)     2 log 16 4
h) 4
log
2 1 3
b) log 3
25 i) log 7 .2 log 27 . 7 log 2
c )     log 0.001 9
log 8
3 log 2 j)  
d )    ( 3)   3
log 4
1 2 1
e)     ( )  log 3 k) 2
log 3 
4 25
log 4
f )      log 2  3log 4 ½ 
3

 7 7
g) 2
 log 5 - log25 l) 4
log 21  2 log 7 8 log  . 
4  24 3 

Answer:
1

a)      log 16  log 2

2 2 4
d )    ( 3) 3 log 2
  (3 ) 2 3 log 2

1
= 4 3 log 2 2
= (3 )
5 1 1
b) log = 5 log 2 1

25 5  2 2

 5 log 5-2  2
 2
1 2 log 3 2
log 3 -2
c)     log 0.001 = log 10-3 e)  ( )  = (2 )
4
 -3
= 3-2
1

9
 f )     3 log 2  3log 4 ½  = 3log 2 + 3log 2
= 3log 2.2
 3log 4
1
2 52 2 5 3
4 3
3
g)  log 5 - log = log h) 4
log  4 log
4 5  
3 4
4
= -1
 log 42

= 2

3
i) log 7 .2 log 27 . 7 log 2 = 3 log 7 . 7
log 2 . 2 log 27
= 3 log 27
=3
9 32
log 8 log 23 1 1 1
j)  =
3
log 4
1
k) 2
log 5  25
= 5
 2
32
log 22 log 4 log 2 5
log 22
3 3 1 1
log 2 5  5
 2 log 2 log 2
2 3
log 2 1
1 5 x 5 log 2
2 log 2
3 1  1
= .
2 4
3

8
 7 7  12 
log 21  log 7  log  . 
4 2 8
7
log 21   2 log 7  log  1
l) 2
}
 2
 24 3   
 2.32 
 1
  
7 72
 2 log 21  2 log 7  2 log  3 . 1   
2 3 1
 2 .3   72 
 32   2
log 21  log 7 .
2
   1 
 2.3 2 
3 
1 1 7 2
 2
log 21 - 2 log 7 - 2
log 7x 3
2 3 3
3
 2
log
2 .3 2
7
1 7x
2 3
1  32  3
7
 2 log 21  2 log 7 - 2 log 
2 
 2
log
3
 3 3 
 2 .3 2  14
 
2. Simplify !!
1 1
a) log x + log - log 2
x x
b) log  x  y   log  x  y 
2 2

c) x log 3 x  x log x  x log x 2

Answer:

1 1 1
a ) log x + log - log 2 = log x . log . log x 2
x x x
 1 
 log  x . . x 2 
 x 
 log x 2
 2 log x

b) log  x 2  y 2   log  x  y   log{ x  y   x  y  }  log  x  y 

x x
 log  log x. y  log
y y
 log x. y

1 1
x x
log x . log x
3 2
c) x log 3 x  x log x  x log x 2 
2 x logx
1 1
.
 2
3
2
1

12
3. Given that: log 2 = 0.301
log 3 = 0.477
log 4 = 0.845
Evaluate !!

a ) log 5
b) log 6
7
c ) log
2 3
d ) log
6 2
e) log
7 f )12 log 3

Answer:
7
a ) log 5  log
10 c) log  log 7  log 2
2 2
 log10  log 2  0.845  0.301
 1  0.301  0.544
 0.699
3 1 1
d ) log  log 3  log 2
2 2 2
b) log 6  log 2 . log 3
1 1
 0.301  0.477  . 0, 477  . 0,301
2 2
 0.778  0.2385  0,1505
 0, 088
4. Given that:
a. log 6 = A
Express log 8 with A
b. log 5 = B
Express log 375 with B
c. log 2 = M
log 7 = N
Express log 98

Answer:

4
log 8
a) 9log 8 = 4
log 9
4
log 23 Note :
 4
log 32
3 . 4 log 2 4log 6 = A

2 . 4log3 4log 3 . 2 = A
3. 1 4log 3 + 4log 2 = A
 2
2 . A 1  2  4log 3 + 1 = A
2
3 4log 3 = A - 1
2 . 2 2

2 A 1 2
3 3
 6 log 98
4A  2 c) log 98 = 3
log 6
3
3
log 375 log 49.2
9
b) log 375 = 3  3
log 9 log 3.2
3
log 125 . 3 log 7 2 3 log 2
3

  3
2 log 3 3 log 2
3
log 53 + 3log 3 2 3 log 7  M
 
2 1 M
3
3 log5 + 1 2 log 2 2 log 7  M
3
 
2 1 M
3B  1 2 MN  M
 
2 1 M

5. Find the value of x that fulfill of the following equation!

a) 3 log x 3 log  x  1 3 log 2
b) 3
log  2 x  1 3 log  x  3 3 log 7
c) 4log . 4log x - 4 log 4 log 4log16 = 2

Answer:
a ) 3 log x  3 log  x  1 3 log 2

3 log x  x  1 3 log 2
 x  x  1  2
  x  2   x  1  0 x  2  x  1
TM HP   1
 b) 3
log  2 x  1 3 log  x  3 3 log 7

 3 log
 2 x  1 3 log 7
 x  3

 2 x  1  7
 x  3
 2 x  1  7 x  21
x4
HP   4

c) 4log . 4log x - 4log 4log 4log16 = 2

 4 log  log x  - 4 log  log  4 log16   2  4 log  2 4 log x  2
4 4

 4 log  4 log x 2  4 log42

 4
log x 
 4 log  4 2
 log  log16  
4

 4 log x 2  16
 log x 
4
 4 log  4 2
 log2   x 2  416
 4 log x   x  216
 4 log  2
 1 2   x  65536

HOME WORK

1. Find the value of x that fulfill of the following equation!!

a )2 log  2 x  3  4  2 log  2 x  8 
b)5 log 2 x 2 5 log  x  5   1
c) log  log  x  3   log 2  log  log16 x
d ) x log  x  2   2
e) x log  x  12   3.x log 4  1  0
f )5 log 2 x 5 log x 3  2  0
g ) 2 log 2  x  1  2 log  x  1  10  0
3

Answer:
a) 2 log  2 x  3  4 2 log  2 x  8  b)5 log 2 x 2 5 log  x  5   1

 2 log  2 x  3  2 log16  2 log  2 x  8   5 log 2 x 2 5 log  x  5  5 log 5

 2 log16  2 x  3  2 log  2 x  8  
2 x2
5
 32 x  48  2 x  8 x5
 2 x 2  5 x  25
1
 x 1  2 x 2  5 x  25  0
3
HP    2 x  5  x  5  0
Ø 5
 x    x  10  5 
HP   ,10
2  2 
c) log  log  x  3   log 2  log  log16 x d ) x log  x  2   2

 log  log  x  3   log 2  log  log16 x  x log  x  2   x log x 2

  2.log  x  3   log16 x  x  2  x2

 log  x  3  log16 x
2  x2  x  2  0
  x  2   x  1  0
 x 2  6 x  9  16 x
 x  2  x  1
 x 2  10 x  9  0
  x  1  x  9   0 HP   2
 x  1 x  9
HP   1,9

e) x log  x  12   3.x log 4  1  0 f )5 log2 x 5 log x3  2  0

 x log  x  12   x log 43  1 5 log 2 x  3.5 log x  2  0

 x log  x  12   x log 43  x log x 1   5 log x  1  5 log x  2   0
x  12 1
  5 log x  1  0
64 x 5
log x  2  0

V
 x 
2
125xlog 642 x2 05 log  x  5  5 log 5  log x  1
5 5
log x  2
  x  16  2 xx2 4   0  x5 1
x  52
 5
x  5  x5 x  25
HP   4
 2 x 2  5 x  25
HP   5, 25
 2 x  5 x  25  0
2

  2 x  5  x  5  0
g ) log 2  x  1 2 log  x  1  10  0
2 3

 2 log 2  x  1  3.2 log  x  1  10  0

  2 log  x  1  5  2 log  x  1  2  0

 2 log  x  1  5  0  2 log  x  1  2  0
 2 log  x  1  5  2 log  x  1  2

V
 5 
HP   ,10
 x 1 x25  5  x  10  x  1  2 2  2 
 x  32  1 2 1
 x  1
 x  31 4
3
 x
 3  4
HP   ,31
 4 