CW
Matrix Division
We have seen that for 2x2 (“two by two”)
matrices A and B then AB BA
To divide matrices we need to define what we
mean by division!
CW
Matrix Division
We have seen that for 2x2 (“two by two”)
matrices A and B then AB BA
To divide matrices we need to define what we
mean by division!
With numbers or algebra we use b/a to solve
ax=b. The equivalent in 2x2 matrices is to solve
AX=B where A, B and X are 2x2 matrices.
CW
Identity Matrix
With numbers or algebra we use b/a to solve
ax=b. The equivalent in 2x2 matrices is to solve
AX=B where A, B and X are 2x2 matrices.
We first need to define the identity matrix - the
matrix I for which IX = XI = X for all X
(For multiplying number the identity is
CW
Identity Matrix
With numbers or algebra we use b/a to solve
ax=b. The equivalent in 2x2 matrices is to solve
AX=B where A, B and X are 2x2 matrices.
We first need to define the identity matrix - the
matrix I for which IX = XI = X for all X
(For multiplying number the identity is 1).
The identity 2x2 matrix is
CW
Identity Matrix
With numbers or algebra we use b/a to solve
ax=b. The equivalent in 2x2 matrices is to solve
AX=B where A, B and X are 2x2 matrices.
We first need to define the identity matrix - the
matrix I for which IX = XI = X for all X
(For multiplying number the identity is 1).
The identity 2x2 matrix is
1 0
0 1
CW
Identity Matrix
With numbers or algebra we use b/a to solve
ax=b. The equivalent in 2x2 matrices is to solve
AX=B where A, B and X are 2x2 matrices.
We first need to define the identity matrix - the
matrix I for which IX = XI = X for all X
(For multiplying number the identity is 1).
The identity 2x2 matrix is
1 0
0 1
1 0 0
The identity 3x3 matrix is 0 1 0
0 0 1
CW
Identity Matrix
We first need to define the identity matrix - the
matrix I for which IX = XI = X for all X
(For multiplying number the identity is 1).
The identity 2x2 matrix is 1 0
0 1
1 0 0
The identity 3x3 matrix is 0 1 0
0 0 1
In general if X is an mxn matrix then
ImX = XIn = X
CW
Identity Matrix
We first need to define the identity matrix - the
matrix I for which IX = XI = X for all X
(For multiplying number the identity is 1).
1 0
The 2x2 identity matrix (I2) is
0 1
1 0 0
The 3x3 identity matrix (I3)is 0 1 0
0 0 1
In general if X is an mxn matrix then
ImX = XIn = X
CW
Inverse Matrix
In numbers, the inverse of 3 is 1/3 = 3-1
In algebra, the inverse of a is 1/a = a-1
In matrices, the inverse of A is A-1
CW
Inverse Matrix
In numbers, the inverse of 3 is 1/3 = 3-1
In algebra, the inverse of a is 1/a = a-1
In matrices, the inverse of A is A-1
3-1 is defined so that 3x 3-1 = 1
a-1 is defined so that a x a-1 = 1
A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = I
CW
Inverse Matrix
In numbers, the inverse of 3 is 1/3 = 3-1
In algebra, the inverse of a is 1/a = a-1
In matrices, the inverse of A is A-1
3-1 is defined so that 3 x 3-1 = 3-1 x 3 = 1
a-1 is defined so that a x a-1 = a-1 x a = 1
A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = A-1 A = I
However, for a square matrix A there is not
always an inverse A-1
CW
Inverse Matrix
In matrices, the inverse of A is A-1
A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = A-1 A = I
However, for a square matrix A there is not
always an inverse A-1
If A-1 does not exist then the matrix is said to be
singular
If A-1 does exist then the matrix is said to be non-
singular
CW
Inverse Matrix
In matrices, the inverse of A is A-1
A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = A-1 A = I
If A-1 does not exist then the matrix is said to be
singular
If A-1 does exist then the matrix is said to be non-
singular
A square matrix A has an inverse if, and only if,
A is non-singular.
CW
Inverse Matrix
In matrices, the inverse of A is A-1
A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = A-1 A = I
A square matrix A has an inverse if, and only if,
A is non-singular.
If A-1 does exist the the solution to AX=B is
X = A-1 B
CW
Inverse Matrix
A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = A-1 A = I
If A-1 does exist the the solution to AX=B is
AX = B
Pre-multiply by A-1 A-1AX = A-1B
CW
Inverse Matrix
A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = A-1 A = I
If A-1 does exist the the solution to AX=B is
AX = B
Pre-multiply by A-1 A-1AX = A-1B
But A-1A = I so IX = A-1B
X = A-1B
CW
Inverse Matrix
AX = B
Pre-multiply by A-1 A-1AX = A-1B
But A-1A = I so IX = A-1B
X = A-1B
If the inverse of A is A-1 then the inverse of A-1 is
A. This is because if AC = I then CA = I, and
also any matrix inverse is unique.
CW
Inverse Matrix
If the inverse of A is A-1 then the inverse of A-1 is
A. This is because if AC = I then CA = I, and
also any matrix inverse is unique.
2 0
What is the inverse of A
0 3
CW
Inverse Matrix
If the inverse of A is A-1 then the inverse of A-1 is
A. This is because if AC = I then CA = I, and
also any matrix inverse is unique.
2 0
What is the inverse of A
0 3
1 x 0
let A
0 y
CW
Inverse Matrix
If the inverse of A is A-1 then the inverse of A-1 is
A. This is because if AC = I then CA = I, and
also any matrix inverse is unique.
2 1
What is the inverse of B
0 3
u v
1
let B 1 3 1
1
w x B
6 0 2
Then solve for u, v, w, x
CW
General Inverse Matrix
If the inverse of A is A-1 then the inverse of A-1 is
A. This is because if AC = I then CA = I, and
also any matrix inverse is unique.
a b
What is the inverse of C
c d
CW
General Inverse Matrix
If the inverse of A is A-1 then the inverse of A-1 is
A. This is because if AC = I then CA = I, and
also any matrix inverse is unique.
a b
What is the inverse of C
c d
1 u v
let C
w x
Then solve for u, v, w, x
CW
General Inverse Matrix
a b 1 u v 1 d b
C let C
c d w x D c a
where D ad bc
au bw 1 c acu bcw c
cu dw 0 a cau daw 0
av bx 0 Subtract :
cv dx 1 (ad bc) w c
CW
General Inverse Matrix
What is the inverse of 1 2 x 1
3 6 y 3
1x 2 y 1
3x 6 y 3
1 u v 1x 2 y 1
let C
w x 3x 6 y 3
Then solve for u, v, w, x
