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Thermodynamics for Engineers

This document discusses the first law of thermodynamics for open systems, also known as the conservation of mass and energy principles. It explains that for open systems, both mass and energy can cross the system boundary through fluid streams and work. The conservation of mass principle states that the total amount of mass in a control volume remains constant over time. The conservation of energy principle accounts for different types of energy including kinetic, potential, internal, and work energy. Steady flow processes where the rate of mass flow into a control volume equals the rate of outflow are examined. Examples of steady flow devices like nozzles, diffusers, turbines, compressors and pumps are provided.

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Kumar Rasta
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205 views15 pages

Thermodynamics for Engineers

This document discusses the first law of thermodynamics for open systems, also known as the conservation of mass and energy principles. It explains that for open systems, both mass and energy can cross the system boundary through fluid streams and work. The conservation of mass principle states that the total amount of mass in a control volume remains constant over time. The conservation of energy principle accounts for different types of energy including kinetic, potential, internal, and work energy. Steady flow processes where the rate of mass flow into a control volume equals the rate of outflow are examined. Examples of steady flow devices like nozzles, diffusers, turbines, compressors and pumps are provided.

Uploaded by

Kumar Rasta
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER 5

Mass And Energy Analysis


of Control Volumes

Oleh
Lt Kol Ir Khalid bin Abd Jalil TUDM
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal
Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malsysia.
012-2094234
1st Law Thermodynamic –
Open systems (control volume)
Both energy and mass may cross the
boundary i.e. flow work and energy of fluid
streams. (Tenaga dan Jisim boleh keluar/masuk sistem)
Divided into 2 parts:-
- Conservation of mass principle
(Prinsip Keabadian Jisim)

- Conservation of energy principle


(Prinsip Keabadian Tenaga)

Involved kinetic energy, potential energy and


internal energy
Also involved energy flows or work flows
Ejisim = U + pV + ½mV² + mgz
(5.2)
Di mana :
U : tenaga dalaman
W=Fdl pV : tenaga aliran
½mV²: tenaga kinetik
Where F=pA mgz : tenaga upaya
W=pV (kJ)
W

P
F

Luas keratan 1 2
rentas paip , A
Prinsip tenaga aliran
Conservation of mass
(Keabadian Jisim)

Note:

m = AV atau m=V/v atau m=ℓAV atau m= ℓV


Conservation of mass Principle
(Prinsip Keabadian Jisim)
Mass balance for steady flow process
(the total amount of mass contained within a control volume does not
change with time)

 m in
=  mout (kg/s)

when involve a single stream, ie nozzel, difusser, turbine, compressor and pump,
the total rate of mass entering a control volume is equal to the total rate of mass leaving it

m1 = m2 => ℓ1V1A1 = ℓ2V2A2


Note:

m = AV atau m=V/v atau m=ℓAV atau m= ℓV


v di mana;
m = kadar alir jisim, kg/s
A = luas keratan rentas paip atau saluran,
m²
V = halaju bendalir, m/s
v = isipadu tentu bendalir, m3/kg
V = kadar alir isipadu,m3/s
ℓ = ketumpatan, kg/m3
1st Law Thermodynamic for open system
Steady flow process (proses aliran mantap)

Refer: Figure:5-7 Pg.225


1st Law Thermodynamic – Open System

Some steady flow devices


• Test 2 Thermodynamic – pada minggu ke 11
• Antara 15 Sept – 20 Sept 2008
• (masa dan tarikh – perlu di bincangkan)

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