NOTES CHAPTER 6 : LANDS AND ITS RESOURCES
Natural element (do not combine with other element) Ex: gold, silver, platinum, mercury Natural compound (do not exists as pure substance) Ex: magnesium sulphides, calcium carbonates, iron oxides
EFFECTS OF HEAT ON MINERALS
heat Metal carbonate Calcium carbonate heat
CO2 turns lime water cloudy
TYPES OF MINERALS
metal oxide + carbon dioxide Calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
Metal sulphide Lead sulphide heat
heat
heat
metal oxide + sulphur dioxide Lead oxide + sulphur dioxide
SO2 change acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution from purple to colourless
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Hardness Solubility in water Effects of heat
Metal oxide metal + oxygen Calcium oxide heat Calcium + oxygen
Only potassium and sodium oxides, carbonates and sulphides dissolve in water.
Potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate are the only two metal carbonates that do not break down when heated.
O2 released will turns glowing splinter brightly.
Potassium manganate (VII) crystals release oxygen when heated
REACTION BETWEEN METAL AND NON METAL
Metal + oxygen metal oxide heat Magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide heat
SILICA (SILICON DIOXIDE) Made up: silicon and oxygen
Example: quartz and sand
SILICON COMPOUND
USED IN MAKING OF Fibre optic
SILICON COMPOUNDS
Silicon chips
Transistor Integrated circuit glass
Sands (silicon dioxides)
Metal + sulphur
metal sulphide heat Magnesium + sulphur magnesium sulphide
heat
SILICATES Made up: metal, silicon and oxygen
Example: feldspar (aluminium silicate), asbestos, mica, clay, zircon (zirconium silicate)
Clay (aluminium silicate) Silica gel
Ceramic, bricks, cement Drying agent
Shaza_nurcopyright
PROPERTIES Insoluble in water Not affected by acids Do not break down even when heated vigorously
Silica
cable
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
Example: Marble, limestone caves, coral reefs, animal bones, shell, stalagmite Consists of: Calcium, oxygen, carbon
NATURAL FUEL RESOURCES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE
CALCIUM CARBONATES
Properties Insoluble in water. Reacts with acids form salts, carbon dioxide, water
Effect of heat Form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide when heated strongly.
1. 2.
3.
CO2 turns lime water cloudy
Petroleum and natural gas are formed from the remains of animals and plants died, become buried under mud and sand bottom of the sea. High pressure and heat slowly changed the mud and sand into rocks, and remains of the animals and plants into petroleum and natural gas. Natural gas is found above of the petroleum layer. Temperature Uses
CO2 turns lime water cloudy
Calcium heat Carbonate Calcium + hydrochloric Carbonate acid calcium + carbon + water chloride dioxide
calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
CALCIUM COMPOUND CALCIUM OXIDE (Quicklime) CALCIUM HYDROXIDE (SLAKED LIME) CALCIUM CARBONATE
USES Making quicklime, glass, cement To make slaked lime and limewater. To reduce the acidity of soil Testing the presence of carbon dioxide. The higher the boiling point, a. The darker the colour of the fraction b. The more viscous the fraction c. The more difficult the fraction burns
White solid Element: Oxygen, calcium React with water to form calcium hydroxide
White powder Element: Oxygen, calcium ,hydrogen Soluble in water Dissolve in water to form calcium hydroxide solution (lime water)
CALCIUM OXIDE (Quicklime) CALCIUM HYDROXIDE ( SLAKED LIME) CALCIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION (LIME WATER)
Shaza_nurcopyright
