AUOprc Tr 0tc6A

FAJAR INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE

COURSE TITLE;

osH LEGISLATION {OSH 104)

I
r.

roprc,

CIMAH REGULATION

DEFIN ITION

\Atrat is MAJOR ACCIDENTS uncontrolled events involving fire, explosion, release o resulted in deaths and injuries (on sitei offsite) o leading to serious danger to human health and/or the environment o resulted from the use or storage of flammable,
o o

toxic or explosive

substance

EXRIT,IPTE: MAJOR ACCIDENTS

AROUND THE WORLD

Arnmoniur nitr ate

(fu'e

) 6o oorr i? 17 l.; i',irlr ir

ct'actrated :l 19 b

f rauce

r987

li*:rlrr.rrt {lil<1, 1hr1'l ChJorirle (fxplosion)

I:irerr,ori:s

irili; Bulgoia
l-'iriiiPrrrucr
ts86 ii:{,iii
t9l3S

(lirpic:ionl

Clrlorlue (Lea.k)
L!)G

il:.;}kriiionl

US{ 76 r.lilr.t-cal:!(i!: tr'inr:lco t'it:

-Q.!F!elb, Spain

Propue t[xplosion)

EXAMPLE: MAJOR FIRES

lv'letharre
l.PC iULl\t-L

tl6 ili 4o -i::r 65o

I-i\6 li{cthanc LPG (BL[!'E)

77 irr.' rjoo

Cleveland, Ohio
[",iiJ.ia, i]iruur.r:

tg4-l

Stiten Island, Neu'lbrk st:rl] (.lrui.. I{r:xii:.<: lvlerico

irit'o t97t
lit?tri 198;

EXAMPLE: MAJOR EXPLOSION

Dimethylethe

245
':a / I

3800

i(;rlsele
lsobutane F'lo:ivieire Propane
'.1!'cioiie>:ai,i;

i;

to

Propylene

2'x 14

t3t
t-q 107

EXAMPLE: TOXIC RELEASE

Phosgene (..ixrri:.tlioxinrTCDD .i\.ul:I:i;l::ir Sulphtu dioxide i!;,ririigel:i:rlllltie

Mexico {r(:r::l.l;Li:\ Seveso. lull' {..i,rla(i::l;r r..ti,ltti;:;: .],) :: . Baltimore, lviaryland roo ll fr,{i.r:ii:agr,. iliu:r-:Li Nlerhvllrocyanate zooLr 20, ocio Bhopal, Irrdia ro ,i
PozaRica,

lf iisrr:ii.

t95o lll r:ra:: lll

toy'l
1978

t!;; lll lll

.ril::!
1984

MruoR nccrorrur 1 FlrxsoRoucH, uK (197 4\ -lJ

o,,,

. Massive Explosion . 30 tonnes of hydrocarbon

Mruon

AccTDENT 2

PIPER ALPHA PLATFORM, UK

(1e88)

before

. Explosion, fire, and fireballs . Loss of containment of less than 100 of hydro carbons ("condensate")

kg

ffi

Maron
BP

AccTDENT 3

AMoco EXPLosroN, us (2005)

o Explosion was a believed to be the result ofan Unconfined

Vapour Cloud Explosion from a release of

Benzene/Heptane from a Raffinate Splitter on a r8o kL/hr

lsomerisation Unit.
o The unit was being started up after a z week shutdown for reactor repairs. rz months earlier an explosion on startup had also occurred with no injuries.

o Exact quantities of hydrocarbon involved have not been determined as yet. o CIMAH\Cr Texas City BP Explosion.ppt

THE NEED FOR REGULATIONS

Major accidents happened around the world Protection of workers and other peopie from
major accident

lll,

O Protection of environment O To comply with ILO Convention (zz8) O To harmonize the system of controlling major
accident

INTRODUCTION TO CIMAH Objective

o To prevenf major industrial accidents o To limit the consequences to people,

properry and the environment

,ffi
PART PART PART

ARRANGEMENT I II Preliminary

ldentification and notification of an industrial activity

III - Demonstration of safe operation

PART IV

Report on industrial activity and preparation emergency plan

of

PARTV
PART

Notification of maioraccident
Pena-l

l2

VI

IPART 1] PRELTMTNARY
Apply to

All Industrial Activities, exceptinstallation

O O O O

a nuclear

an installation under the armed forces

transporting the hazardous substance to or from the site of industrial activity an industrial activitl,which involved a quantity of hazardous substance less than ro0lo of the threshold quantily specified in Schedule z.
t3

a vehicle or vessel

INTERPRETATION
major accident" means an occurrence

O including a major emission, fire or explosion O resulting from uncontrolled developments O leading to a serious danger to persons O leading to a serious danger to the environment O involving one or more hazardous substance

INTERPRETATION
"hazardous substance" can be

Very toxic substances

O O O O

Other toxic substances

Flammable substances Explosive substances

Oxidising substances

Schedule r & Part r of Schedule z

Very toxic substances

Schedule r: lndicarive Criteria

LDtu (Oral)
mg/hg body

LDtu (cutaneous)
mgAig body

LC.u

(inhaiation)
mg/l

weicht
1

weisht
LD5{J

LDso < 5

<

10

LCso<01

')

5<LDso<25 l0 < LDso < 50 0.1 <Lcsus0,5

Other toxic substances

Schedule r: Indicative Criteria

LDsr,,LDsuiLCrn (Oral) i(cutaneous) i(inhalation)

mg/kg body weight img4<g body weight
I

mg/l LC5n < 2

25 < LDs0 < 200 150 < LDro

It
I

s 400 I0.5 <

INTERPRETATION
"Major Hazard Installation" means an industrial activiq, which O produces, processes, handles, uses, disposes

of

or

stores, either permanently or temporarily, one or more hazardous substances in quantities which is equal to or exceed the threshold quantiq,or O determined by the Director General in accordance with sub regulation 7(z)
tt

INTERPRETATION
"Non Major Hazard installation" An industrial activity

which *
O produces, processes, handles, uses, disposes ofor stores, either permanently or temporarily, one or

O*|

-t 9'

more hazardous substances in quantities which iseoual to or exceed ro o/o of the threshold ouantiw and less than the thr

O determined by the Director General in accordance

with sub regulation

7(z)

"

,ffi
A

MAJOR HAZARD I NSTALLATIO

OgLtcnrtoN oF MANUFAcTURER

kJ' Prepare and

/1'\
k:.1

Notify to DOSH of an industrial activiry submit Safery Report and On-Site Emergency Response Plan to DOSH
Keep up to date report and plan

^. lnform to the local authorily

@ Help local authoriry to prepare off-site ERP

o o

Inform to the public Inform DOSH of any major accident

NON MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATION

OgLIcnrloN
k

OF MANUFACTURER

Identify the possible major accident hazards

Take adequate steps to prevent any major

accidents
/i'\ t

Take adequate steps

to

minimize their

consequences to persons and the environment;

u,

/i\

Prepare and keep up to date an adequate on-site

ffi
6) E-.rg.ncy
will
plan detailing how major accidents
be dealt with.

Provide at anytime evidence including documents to show that he has carried out the above items whenever requested by the dg
DOSH of any major accident

O Infor-

MHI & NMHI

OgLrcnrroN oF MANUFACTURER Co-operate

'*'ith the manufacturer in

complying the CIMAH

Act in such a manner as not to endanger or

injury to himself or other persons or damage to
life and properry

Notify the manufacturer as soon as

becomes aware of any potential

he

hazards

OSTIcRTIoN oF LOCAL AUTHORITY

d d

Received notihcation from manufactu-rer

Prepare, keep up to date and implement an ofF site emergency response plan

24

OslrcRrroru
gJ

or

DOSH

s
$ $
a) (\ e)
N

Enforced CIMAH
Receive notification of industrial

activirl'

from manufacturer and develop an installation inventory in the nation Assess safery report and emergency plan Conduct audit Conduct accident investigation Interview and gazette the CIMAH Competent Person

,ffi too*, tl rDENT,FrcATroN AND

NOTIFICATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY
Regulation 7. ldentification and notification

(r)

Every manufacturer sha-ll -

(a) (b)

identifo any industrial activiq,u'ithin his control; submit the Notification of industrial Activiq, Form specified in the Schedule 5 to the Director General within r month before

construction.

( ,,

(z)Upon receiving the Notification, the DG may determine that the installation -

(a)

is a

maior hazard installation even though

the quantify of hazardous substances listed in Part r of schedule z; or hazardous substances and preparations falling within a categories specified in Part z of Schedule z is less that the threshold quantiry when in his opinion the installation may caused major(r' accident; or

(b) Is not a maior hazard installslien

sysn

when in his opinion the installation

incapable of causing
a major

though the quantity of hazardous substances and preparations falling within a category or categories specified in Part z of Schedule z is equal to or exceed the threshold quantiry
is

accident.

IPnnr ur]

sAFE oPERATToN FoR NMHt

Regulation 9: Application
(a)

Industrial activiry involved

- part r of schedule z
- part 2 ofschedule z

(b) Determined as NN,IHI by'DG

ReguJation

ro. Demonstration of safe operation

A manufacturer who has control of an industrial activiry to which thi Part applies shall at anytime, at the request of the Director General provide evidence including documents to show tlrat he has -

(a) identified the possible maioraccident hazards; and (b) taken adequate steps to prevent any major accidents

and to

(c)

minimise Lheir consequences to persons and the enr.ironment; Prepared and kept up to date ofemergenry plan

10

Regulation

u.

Review of demonstration of safe operation

The Director General mal,require the manufacturer to

o submit

documents on demonstration of

safe operation

o may review the documents o shall direct the manufacturer to provide o

additional

information

PART lV: REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY AND PREPARATION OF EMERGENCY PLAN FOR
MAJO R HAZARD I NSTALLATIO
N

Regulation

u.

Application

This part shall appiy to MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATION

Regulation

r3.

Registration of Competent Person

Terms and references

o The appiicant shall be a Malaysian citizen; or a foreign resident with valid Malaysian working permit. o Above rwenty-one (zr) years of age. o Hold a degree or equivalent in one of the following disciplines: engineering, physics, chemistry, biochemistry, ergonomics or applied science from a recognised Universiry. o More than three (3) years' practical experience relevant to the work to be performed by a Competent Person urder the
ReguJations.

11

Knowiedge and experience

o OSH Act, tg94 and CIMAH, 1996 o Safery Management System for loss prevention; o Emergency response plan;

,ffi
Has adequate knowledge and

understanding in the

follor,r'ing areas:-

. . . . n . .

identification, assessment and evaluation of hazards and

risks;

failure cases identification anci scenarios; frequency and consequences anaiysis of major accidents; ignition sources, topography and meteorology;

sofrwares use

in quantitative risk analysis

risks

acceptabiJiry criteria; risks mitigation measures; land use planning;

/-' g

ffi
Regulation r4. Report on industrial activiry

lmportance of Safety Reports

o The core

of the information for determining:

. . .

the suitability of the prevention and control measures; the events which the manufacrurer's on-site emergency plan should be designed to handle; the events which off-site emergency plans should be capable of dealing witi;and *re identification of the key areas for DOSH's inspection (
rs

effort.

llli

12

o Qbjective

. .
.

of the doc identify the nature and scale of use of the

dangerous subsrances describes the rype, relative likelihood and consequences of major accidents describe rhe arrangements for safe operation and control and mitigation of major accidents.

o The

document is of Dractical use:

management tool for use by the compani';

as a as a

'

tool for inspection for use

by, inspector.

Regulation r5, Modification

Shall not make any modification Unless consulted a Competent Person to prepare

'
.

further written
Sent a copy

. At least 3 months before

'

Entitled to take urgent and remedial action

13

b{
Main Safery Report Contents
(a) lnformation relating
to every hazardous substance

$.u6

(b) lnformation relating to the installation

(c) information relating to the management system for
controlling the industrial activity

(d) lnformation relating

to the potential major

accidents in the form of risk assessment.

EvTncTrucY RESPONSE PLAN Aim

The aim

of an ERP is to

ensure

an immediate

and

appropriate response in the event of emergency

Objectives

. minimise personal injury ' minimise properry damage , minimise damage to the environment and public ' provide immediate resumption of norma.l operations ' provide a basis for training and increasing '
preparedness forall people involved in an emergencl. meet legislative requirements.
41

Emersencv Unexpected event requiring prompt action which is beyond to normal day to day activiry
Response The reaction to the actual or potential siruation

Plan

ls an organisation of knowledge which outlines

how something shouid be done or what actions to be taken or a particular strategy to be followed

14

w
.

Err'trRcrrucY RESPoNSE PLAN

Regulation rB, On-site emergency plan

a plan to deal

with onsite emergency

' not pose a threat to the outside communitl, r can controlled by onsite emergenc), team ' minimum response from offsite emergency
services

a plan prepared by

manufacturer

Components of On-Site ERP

r. Plant Risk Evaluarion - Carried out preliminary

hazard analysis

z. On-Site Emergency Organisation And Teams 3. Detailed Operations Manuals (for each process unit and utiliry system)

4. Emergencl'
5. Emergency

Response Procedures

Records

6. Emergency Equipment and Faciiities 7, Regular Tests of Emergency Equipment

Facilities

and

8, Training and drills 9. PIan Revieu,and Updates

ro. Audit

15

w.
Regulation zr, Off-site emergency plan

. r . ,

plan to control major emergency threat to the outside community require the use of offsite resources
a

pose a

extensively

ideally the plan prepared by local authority

,":*,"::';;":,::."'
.
Name of manufacturer and address of site

industrial

activity

of

lll lll lll

. . .

Identification by position held of person

the

information

giving

lll
lll

Confirmation the major hazards site and safery report submitted Brief explanation on site activiry

ffi
(conrinued)

Names of hazardous substances

Information relating to the nature of a major

accident hazard and potential effects Information on how the population concerned will be warned and kept informed of accident lnformation on the action the population concerned should take in the event ofaccident

16

(continued):

Arrangement on site and liaison with off-site

emergency services to deal with emergency

A reference to the off-site emergency plan drawn up to cope with any off-site effects Further relevant information can be obtained.

Information to the Public

written in simple terms Avoid technical expressions . Explain technical terms . Suited to local language . To be understood by lay leader
.

. To be

[eanr

v] NorFrcATroN oF MAJoR

ACCIDENT Regulation 23, Notification of major accident

Major accident occurs notify by the quickest means; i. The circumstances of the accident ii. The hazardous substances involved iii. Date available for assessing effects iv. Emergency measures taken

17

"&q

IPnnr vr] eerunrv

Regulation 24. (r) Manufacturer

fine not exceeding 5ok or imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or both

(z) Employee . fine not exceeding rk or imprisonment not exceeding 3 month or both

62

18