JLPT Lvl2 grammar promotion." [] street.

t." [] [] expectations" [] [kuseni] /although, despite/ [nimokakawarazu] /as a result of/ /to; for/ "although he's tall, he can't run fast" /despite; though; although; in spite of/ "as a result of consulting him, I "For foreigners, natto is hard to eat." [teirai] [saichuu] /right in the middle of/ "Right in the middle of "Ever since graduation, I "contrary to the ceremony, the lights went out." /since; ever since; from here on/ [nihanshite] /against, contrary to/ haven't met with any of my classmates." [] [kurai] /about, as/ "(about) as normal as any other guy on the [] [okagede] /thanks to/ "It's thanks to you that I received the

[] [] [kekka]

"despite the rain lots of people came" decided" [] [uede] [nitotte]

[]

/upon, after/ "I will reply upon careful consideration." [nomotode] /based on, under/ "under his guidance I was able

[]

to pass the test" [] [nitsuki] /a, per, each/ "this job pays ten dollars per hour" /of all the ... / especially / only / just/ "our child [] [] [] [] [nikagitte] [nisuginai]

of all children / especially our child" /nothing more than/ "nothing more than a rumor" "she speaks

[hamotoyori] /to begin with ... and also .../ [nominarazu] /not only, but also.../ /increasing tendency/ "he just drinks coffee" /in addition to/

english to begin with, but also french and german" "not only humans but "the number of people with also dogs can have a psychiatrist" [] [] [ippouda] mobile phones is increasing" [kiri1] /just, only/ [] [nikuwaete] "Well, in addition to that, he

also paid for the food."

 the cherry blossom." interesting." bank." like)" [] []

[]

[dakenokotohaaru]

/is surely because ; not

surprising that ; It was worth / "It is not surprising that the representative flower of Japan is [] [] [] [naikotoniha] /if (it's) not; unless/ "It won't sell if it's not [kotoka] /a lot/ "Wow! You really have a lot of money in the "its him, so he will always finish it"

[kotodakara] /as always/ /without/

[] anything)/

[kotonaku]

"without resting, he worked all night"

[] [dake] /1) just, only, simply, merely; 2) as much as X wants/like/can (whatever, "1) don't just love her; 2) eat as much as you want (eat whatever/anything you'd [koso] /this, especially (emphasis),very/ [sai] /when/ [shikanai] [shidaide] "Welcome! Nice to see you!"

"when you fill in the form" /no alternative, no option but to.../ /depending on/ "nothing

we'll go"

[] []

to do but try..." "depending on the weather, "will [probably

[] not] not eat"

[maika]

/will not [expresses a little uncertainty]/

[] "He'll definitely lose the match." []

[nikimatteiru] /(It's been) decided; expected; definitely/ [katoomouto] /as soon as I noticed, almost immediately/ [toshitara, tosureba, tosuruto] "not just people, but also pets "a PC for old people"

"as soon as i noticed he was here, he left" [] /if one did; if one were to/ [] can go to the spa nowadays" [] [muki] [] [nuku] [] [] /for, facing, toward, aimed at/ /completely; until the end/ [mononara] "Parents of children who have "if i can go" [tekaradenaito; [bakarika] /not just, but also/ "If we went to a hot spring, where would be good?"

absolutely no interest in studying are completely at a loss." /if .. is possible, then.../ /no way to/ [youganai] "no way to eat the soup" "If I don't consult my

; tekaradenakereba] boss, I cannot give a reply."

[; ]

/If I don't , I can't ; I can't unless I ./

[]

[tenaranai]

/Cannot help -ing; Unbearably; Irresistibly/ [kotoni]

"I

cannot help feeling anxious." [] stay in bed" japanese..." [] [nuki] /without/ [uchini-2] "sushi without wasabi" /before ... (something bad happens); while ... still (being " [] [] [karatoitte] /just because/ "just because he is [] /Very; Quite; The thing is that..../ "he "To my great surprise..." [kiri2] /just, for good, once and for all (keeps on same state)/ [hokanai] /nothing else to do but.../ went to america for good." [] "nothing else to do but

OK), while (state still continue) and before the state is finished/ / Come home before it gets dark." know!" men..." [] tooshite)" bitter" [] [] [] [toiumono] [toshitemo] [toittemo] /that thing called/ /even if; assuming/ /but/ [] [] [ndesu] [kaette] [tsuujite] /through, by/ [] [] [] [] [] []

[koto ha nai] /no need to/ "There's no need to be insulting, you [monogaaru] /there is such a thing (essence), feels like/ [nitsuki-2] [nishitara] [sae-ba] [nikagirazu] /due to/ "due to construction, the train is late." "if (one had) the

"she has the power to move people with her songs"

/if (one had) 's perspective/ /If just If only/

firm's perspective, low wages are good" "if you just have a map, you"

/not just, limited to/ "not only women, but also "we met through work (see also

/explain causes, reasons, grounds/ "The thing is that /on the contrary/ "on the contrary, the drink was "There is something called the "Even if it was true, I wouldn't

my car broke down and I had to come by bus."

Komodo Dragon." believe it of him!" "the training is tough, but it only lasts three

months" [] [tatokoro] /just as I'd, right at the moment when I'd/ [nikaketeha, nikaketemo] "The problem for Tarou is that he "because I have no savings, can "It's one"just as I thought to call her, she called me" , [] [, ] [nitotteno] /to; for/ /regarding, about, concerning/ doesn't understand English." [] you lend me money" [] [ippou] /on the other hand, on the other side, one-way/ [ippoudeha] [nisouinai] way traffic only on this street." [] [] [mai-1] [mai-2] [moba] [nisuru] [maika-2] [mai-4] /on the one hand . . . [can also mean "on the /definitely; without a doubt/ "I won't tell her" "That's other hand"]/ "On the one hand, you are right . . ." definitely the same color as the fabric." [] [] illness" [] people envy her." [] [] [] [] [eru] /to make./ "(The teacher) makes the class interesting." /Both(,,,,)and(,,,,,)/ "She is both pretty and clever,so many /won't (do something)/ /probably won't/ "you probably won't die from this [monode] /because of (that thing)/ "regarding that news "

/won't you?/ "Won't you give me ?" /Don't do / "Don't let this get out." "I won it in a raffle." "whenever

/to get, to win, to be possible/ [nitsuke]

[]

/each time, whenever, either way/

i see my mum knitting a sweater.." [] [] [monoda-2] [marude] /(thing) you know? isn't it?/ "its a fun thing, exchanging mail /as if, practically/ "he orders me around as if I were his "He can't on mobile phones, isn't it." servant" [] [karashite] /(1)Even; (2)Given, (Judging) From/By/ [niatatte; niatari] even read hiragana." ; in; before; prior to/ experience." [] [nisaishite] /when; on the occasion of; at (the time of); in; upon [; ] /on the occasion of; at; "On the occasion of my study abroad, my father told me about his own

(doing something)/ per/

"When I transferred to Osaka, I left my wife and children behind in Tokyo." [tohakagiranai] /not always, not necessarily/ "His interests span many fields."

[] [] [] []

"expensive things are not always better" [niwatatte] [nitaishite] [nioite] /over; span(ning)/

/toward; to; in contrast to; whereas; in regard to; in; /at/on/in this case/ "in london" /cannot help but, cannot stop

"Up until now, Japan has taken a closed policy toward foreign countries." [] [naidehairarenai] [miseru-2] /to show/

[]

doing/ "cannot help but drink alcohol" "I was ashamed to show my face" [teshouganai; tetamaranai] ; [; ] /Can't help but ; Extremely ; Very / exhausted." [] [] [totan(ni)] /as soon as, the instant/ "as soon as I opened the door" [wakedehanai] /It does not (necessarily) mean that ; "It doesn't necessarily I don't mean that ; It is not (true) that ; It is not the case that / mean he understood." [] "War is nothing but death." [] [noni] /despite/ [] [] [] [kudasai] [toshite] "Despite running, I didn't catch the train." /so long as, since/ "so long as I am a woman" /As for concerning / fear that/ [karaniha] [nitsuiteha] [nihokanaranai] /nothing but; merely; none other than/

"Due to a lack of sleep, I can't help but be

[osoregaaru] /worry about, there is a possibility, there is /please/ "Please give me,that" "I'm using this room "based on his

"i worry this illness might be contagious" /as; in the capacity of/

[] [] as a storeroom." expression"

[] [] [] []

[karasuruto] /from, you can judge, based on/ [toiukotoda]

/it must mean, it boils down to/ /not necessarily/ /When I think it may/ "Big men are not "When I

[kanarazushimo] [katoomouto-2]

necessarily strong men" think that it may continue this way I really get depressed."

[] /Style/

[monodesukara]

/because/

"I am late because my

alarm clock is broken" [] [fuu] "Japanese style apartment" [tabi, tabini] [nitomonatte] /each time, every time, whenever/ /as; in proportion to; with/ "The [] []

"Whenever I go overseas, I realize the merits of my own country." number of problems related to the sale of pets has been increasing with the recent pet boom." [] [] [ge] [gatai] /Vm, difficult to/ "hard to understand" "He is on the

/Ab, seems (/

"seems fun"

[] [gimi] /VmN slight tendency toward, seems like, feels so../ [] [ijou] /Vru, since; now that; once; as long as/ [kanenai]

heavy side." "as long as you're here, "he is capable of we may as well have fun" anything" [] [] [] [ijou-2] [jou] /exceeding, above/ "More than two hours" "this film isn't good from the educational POV" "X-windows doesn't run on Virtual-PC." "you must call your parents" "I cant possibly get a /point of view/ /N, On/ [] /Vm, capable of (a bad thing)/

[joude] [bekida]

[] Nobel prize"

/V, ought to, must/

[]

[kkonai]

/Vpm, impossible to/

[] [gari] /Vm, tend to, sensitive to/ "he overheats easily" [monoda] [nagara] [darake] /a thing that, the thing/ "even knowing I need exercise, I don't" "while knowing that /Vm, despite while, although/ [] [tsutsu] /Vm, -ing/

[] [] []

smoking is bad, I just keep doing it" /covered with; littered with; infested with,full of/ "This /even if/ "even if you" "Don't die! (Lit: website is littered with mistakes." [-] [tatoe] [ ] () them." [] [youni-te] /V, asking someone to ask someone else to do Your dying would be terrible)" [()] [naikotohanai] /it isn't the case that not ; it is not that not / "It's not that I don't read newspapers, but very rarely do I read [teha] /Vte, (te-form verb + contrastative ha wa)/

something (indirect order)/ [] [] []

"please ask him to call me" [youni-suru] /V, try to/ [wokomete] [tsutsuaru] "I will try to do it..." /[Verb Phrase] with all your [Noun Phrase]/ /Vm, middle of doing...continues to/ [youdehanaika] /why don't we/ " "

"sing with all your heart" Numbers at the Japanese school are continuing to fall." [] / Why don't we study together?" [] [na-3] /Vm na (positive command - sentence ending particle)/ [] [kotoninatteiru] "Get up already!"

real life." double-neg]" []

/became a rule; been decided "This is a novel based on

that; expected to; supposed to/ []

"My daughter is supposed to study abroad next year." [nimotozuite] /based (up)on/ [kadoukanouchini]

[]

/just at the time when/

"just as the doors opened" [] [sueni] [zaruwoenai] /can't avoid doing x/ "i can't not go [always /in the end, result/ [fuuni] [tetamaranai] "I am dying to go home" [bakarini] /because (of a negative thing); simply because; "as far as I know" /in that way/ "hold it like this" /be dying to do something, to feel X

[] [] [] [kagiri] [mushiro]

strongly, can't help it.../

simply on account of/ "he was fired just for talking back" [] /as far as, as long as, until, unless/ /rather/

[] aside" [] [tte]

"rather, I would say the chance is small" "He said that....." /leaving aside, aside from/ "Leaving that "not only french,

[] [kiru] /verb-totally/ "totally sold out" /...said; no matter what/ [hasateoki] [wohajime] [] []

/not only, but also starting with/

but also german, spanish etc..." [] [warini] /considering ..., for .../ "she looks good for her age"

[]

[kikkakeni]

/Since; Take the opportunity afforded by to /

"Since I was moving, I also took the chance to buy new furniture."

 dokorodehanaku] word. It's FREEZING!" anyway, do B/ same time" /looks like or seems like/ /while doing A, do B/ [] [] [] [] []

[]

[dokorodehanai, "Cold is not the "I

/not at all; far from; anything but; out of the question/ [kotoni-group] [kotoninaru] [tsuideni] [okeikini]

/I decided, it was decided, it is a rule/ "It has been

decided to change companies" /To be decided, to be arranged/ decided I will go to new york" /while doing A, I had a chance to do B, since doing A /on the opportunity of/ "if you do A, do B at the "while i was at my parents,"

[] "seems it will rain" []

[looks/seems/heard-group] [simultaneous-actions-group] "I will go instead of you"

"I went to the shop on the way home" /instead of / in place of/ [nikawatte]

[kawaru-group]

[] "instead of this, use that" ] [] [kawarini-2]

/use Noun instead of Noun / ".. but to make

/to make up for, in exchange for/

up for it I will work later" [] [tsui] /without thinking, despite myself/ "oops, i said too much!" [ [ "as I showed you" [viewpoint-group] /from the point of view, based on/ "from my point of view" /as, along with, like/ ] [basis-of-action-group] [] [toiuyori] /depending on, according to/ /ignoring, leaving aside/ [] "the food was good as expected" [] expected" [] [niokeru] /at, in, as for/ "the progress IN science / occur AT the hotel" [dakeni] /as expected, after all/ "he studied hard and passed, as

/rather, more than/ "cold rather than cool" [depend-correspond-group] [unrelated-group]

[] "depending on the weather"

[] "leaving aside his reputation"

[dakeatte]

/because, as expected (used for positive things)/

[]

[hatomokaku]

/leaving A aside, A is good, but B is another [nishitagatte; nishitagai] /following; in

thing/ "price aside, its great." ; [; ] accordance with; as , accordingly; in proportion to/ expenditure increase accordingly." will come" [] [bahodo] /the more +V(+A), the more .../ "the more you read, the less you know" [] I must buy it." [] drinks" [] person" [] more B thing than A is./ [] [uchini] [kurai.....wanai] /while; during; as/ /A is the most B thing. There is not a "/ He gained "I will present this to you" "" [yomoya] /surely not/ "I never expected you would come" "I have a feeling he's a bad [] [kigasuru] /to feel, realize/ [youni-2] /became/ "I became able to speak japanese" /As I thought; after all/ "As I [] [ichido-tara] /once/ "once you start, you have to finish" [ageku] /in the end, afterall/ "in the end, he ended up in jail" /just as, at that instant/ [] [kanaikanouchini] [nishitemo] /even for/ [] [nioujite] /commensurate with, accordance with, "depending on the weather, i depending on/ "exercise according to your fitness level" [] [niyotte-2] /depending on/ "As our income increases, our

"just as the doors opened they rushed in" [] [] "even for japanese keigo is difficult" "Regardless of the cost -

[nikakawarazu]

/Regardless of/

[] [yappari] [mo-ba-mo]

thought, he didn't turn up." [] /not only, but also/ "not only smokes, but also

weight just while I was watching him." [] [] [itashimasu] /do (humble)/ [toiuto] /when you talk of, speaking of, when you say/ /because/ "because you were late"

"talking of the french..." [] [] [ueha] [since/because-group]

/since when/ "since you have kids, you should stop

smoking" [] use it" demand..." [] [shika] [] /but, only/ "thats all I can do" [kakeda; kakeno; kakeru] /in the [itadakimasu] /to receive/ [] "I fell asleep while in the middle of reading the magazine." [kurainara-hougaii] /Show a strong [] [nikotaete] /in response to/ "in response to consumer [] [] [] [monodakara] [mokamawazu] /Without (doing)/ [monono] /although/ [tokoroni, tokorohe, tokorowo] /(Just) when/ "Just when I had decided to call her, she phoned me." /so, therefore (explaining something /dont mind, dont care about/ "Although I bought a computer, I can't unavoidable)/ "The dog ate my homework (so) I can't turn it in today." [] [Vn-zu] "Without thinking"

middle of; not yet finished V-ing/ feeling of opposition./ back" ; [; ] ; Whether or not/ [] [gachi] [] [] [] [] [uru]

[] "I would much rather..." [toshiteha] /for/

"For japanese steak, this is pretty tasty."

/able to do/

"All I can think of"

[at-the-time-group] /at the time/ "at the time i came [nishiro; niseyo] /Even though; Even if; Whether or

"Whether you agree with him or not, that is thought-provoking." /tend to/ [dakeno] /since/ "he tends to be late" /As much as; As fast as; To the extent of./ "since this is secret" /regardles (of)/ "Regardless of age,....." "this novel is based on /based on/

"Have as much as you want." [] real life" [] [] [womotoni] /on basis of/ "He can't [hamochiron] /not to mention; not only, but also;/ /hesitate to, cannot, hard to do/ [youdehanaika-2] [nanode] [] [] [wotowazu]

[womotonishite]

walk, let alone run" [] [kaneru] "/ I am unable to agree on that point." [] /doesn't it seem ?/ "seems like it will

rain?" plane" [] [toori] /in that way/ "Didn't it turn out the way I said?" [kotoda] /should/ "you should read it" "the king sat beside the queen" "instead of milk, [katawara] [kawarini] /beside/ [] sweetener" [] [kke] /?, like / [nishitewa] [kiwamaru] "(What) is it, again?" /even though (it is) ; for/ "its a cold day for June" [] [] [] [] [karaiuto] /from the standpoint of/ "from the grammar point "seen from a of view, chinese is easy" [karamiruto] /seen from the point of view/

[] []

/in place of; instead of/

/Extremely; The height of; Knows no bounds. /center on, in the middle of/ "as well as not

Always has a negative meaning./ [] "the center of our discussion" []

"The height of rudeness." [wochuushinni]

[ueni] /moreover; what's more; additionally; not only/ [nikurabete] /compared to/

liking him..." times..." [] [sae] [] /even; only; just/ [shidai] "I can't even see it" call you." feeling sad" person" kids wishes..." [] [dokoroka] /far from A, in fact B; not just; even/ "Far from [] [] [bekarazu] [nisotte] /must not/ "do not leave garbage here" /go along with; in line with/ "to go along with the [] [] [] [kanoyouda] /like, as if (metaphor)/ [kotokara] [nitaru] /because/ "I am not going to give up" "Adequately trustworthy /is plenty; has value/ "he looked as if he knew nothing about it" [] [monoka] /absolutely not.../ [] [zunihairarenai] /cannot help/ "I can't help [] [womegutte] /regarding/ /as soon as; depending on/ "As soon as i get to India, I will [] "compared to past

being nice, she is in fact an ogre." [] [oku] /to do it in advance OR to leave it in the current state expecting a later "I left the window open" [; ] [nisakidatte; nisakidatsu] /before; change/

; everyone." improved."

preceeding; prior to/ "Preceeding the showing, the performer will come onto the stage and greet [] [] [nitsurete] [dearou to] /as; in proportion to; with/ "As I ate, my headache /No matter what; Even if; No matter how/ "no matter " => because of too "depending on the maker"

what kind of person" [] much anxiety" [] [] [nomi] [] between..." [] [nihitoshii] /equivalent to/ "coins are equivalent to cash" [] [] [niizon] /depending on, relying on/ /only/ "only guys can work there" [butting in] [at in on] [kankei] /hey, do you have a sec?/ /time and place prepositions/ /relationship, relation (between/to)/ "ON friday AT 3pm" "close relation [noamari] /because of too much/

[kononinaru] //

[]

[] [] []

[hanmen] [sorede] [sorega]

/on the other hand/ "the reverse" /and then, after that; Due to that/ "Then, what /Despite that/ "We had heavy rains this morning due

happened? /Due to a early frost, the apple harvest will be small this year." to the typhoon. Despite that, it suddenly started getting sunny this afternoon and now it's perfectly lovely outside." late." [] [toutei] /(can't) possibly / very much/ "I can't possibly do that." /there is no point [] [nokotodakara] /as usual for/ "Hiroko as usual, will be

completely"

[] [kikkake]

[kurabemononinaranai]

comparing..../ "When we talk about speed, there is no point comparing a plane and a ship." [] /trigger/ "what triggered you to quit?" "I have forgotten about it "Nothing [] [marude-2] /completely, entirely/

[]

[tatokorode] /even if you do... it will not result to../

will change even if I asked advice from my friend." [] [ppoi] /-like/ "It is a child-like expression." [younakigasuru] /It's like it could be.../ "It's like [] was a kid." [] [] [nichigainai] [youmonai] /no mistake...definitely/ "I've not got my keys, I definitely (lit. make no mistake) I dropped them somewhere" /there's no way/ "There's no way I can answer the question" but/ [] [wakeniha ikanai] [] /cannot; have no other choice /There is "Because my boss said so, I have no other choice but to go on this business trip." [wakeganai, wakehanai] "There's no reason why you "i cant go because it is raining" "-" "villages are different even [feasibility] "-" /Formal []

we can make it a Curry and Rice Night" [karakoso-2] /especially because (non-intuitive nuance)/ [kanjipic] /a tool to look up photos based on kanji/ "When it snows, I really miss my mother." [] [] [] "just enter kanji" [-konasu] [tamonoda] /have the knack to deal with something; completely/ /used to/ "I used to play by the river a lot when I "I dealt with it expertly"

can't do such an easy job." []

no reason (as to) why ; It is impossible (for) ; cannot/ [mono] /because, should, like to/ /Put blame on/ /starting from/

[] []

[seinisuru] [rashite]

starting from weather" Expressions of non-feasibility [] Advanced proximity of actions [] [seide] [] "-" expressions of non-feasibility/ /Advanced proximity of actions / "Due to lack of sleep, I have a headache today" [] [nikanshite] /concerning; with regard to; about; on/ "with regard to taxes, most people think they are too high" [detamaranai/tetamaranai] [] "adj (i) /so...that one can`t stand it; unbearably;extremely/

[close_actions]

/because of, due to (indicates only negative meaning)/

stem kute tamaranai; adj (na) stem de tamaranai"

 ni shite] to be finished."

[] []

[nakucha] [tamaranai]

/Must;Have to/

"I have to buy a shirt" [wo nuki ni shite wa nuki

/Unbearably/ "It's unbearably hot today" "Without a strong will, it's not possible for this work

[] /without, leaving out/ [] []

[yorimosarani] [yara-yara]

/more than that; more than/

"The road to the summit must be steeper than it has been so far." /particle denoting uncertainty or a listing used for both words and clauses/ "such as...and (?)" ; [toiumonodehanai; toiumonodemonai] necessarily/ envy him." ; ; university." [] [toittara] /Express admiration/horror; eg, how +adjective, [sama wo miro, iikimi da so+adjective/ "My son's room is so dirty, it's dreadful." yo, hora!] [] /I told you so, Serves you right, See!/ [] "Person A: Something bad happened to [Gerrund form of Verb + nakade] [; ; ] [nado; nanka; nante] /and so on; and the like; for example; things like / "A lot of students from China, Korea, and so on come to this [; ] /Doesn't mean that; It's not (true) that; Not "It seems that he's really wealthy. I

"It's not true that you can solve anything with money."

[] [toka] /It seems that; I heard that/

me B: I told you so! / See!/ I warned you that might happen/Its your own fault" /Out of (Clause A) there is B, C, D etc etc/ "Four people out of those dancing where wearing the wrong sort of outfit for this club." [] [Gerrund form of Verb + naka de] /Out of (Clause A) there is B, C, D etc etc/ "Four people out of those dancing where wearing the wrong sort of outfit for this club." [] [todoujini] /and at the same time/ "He came in, and at the same time the bell rang. / " ; [; ] that; such as that/ Father cooks dinner" [] whether./ [] [nishiro] /It doesnt matter which; It doesnt matter /I had the intention to do (but I didn't)/ "" [tsumoridatta] [] [hododa; hodono] /almost/nearly; to the point of; like "there are times when "The doors almost don't close." [koto ga aru] /There are times when/

"/ I had the intention to marry her (but I didn't)." [] [] [tatsumoride] /instead of (hypothetical action)/ [naibakarika] /Not only/ [Turete,Niture] " / Instead of doing exercice, I went walking." "He is not only talkative in the "Mountains are class moreover he disburbed other students" [] [] [] [] /more....more/ more higher temperature is more low." [tatotan] [niyoreba] /See []/ /According to/ "According to the weather " "

forecast, it appears tomorrow will be sunny." [when it comes??] [] /when it comes? (/ [Not really] " Not that tasty." [] [amari] /not much, , too much/ " => not very interesting / => too late" [] [kakeru 2] /AT; TO/ "speak to/address " someone;smile at/to" [] at the child" away" [] [] [] [] [wo megutte] /surrounding, concerning, about [/ focusing on [nikaketewa] /regarding, about, concerning/ "I don't know "There will / in connection with]/ "There is much debate "concerning...etc" ......X" much concerning the laws." [Nisakidatte] /before; preceeding; prior to/ [teyagaru] /Emphasize a disliking of the action taken./ ""regardless of whatever it be an opening ceremony before the competition" "You have some nerve coming here" [] is"" [] any case/ [tomokaku] /anyhow; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in [hitoridemoooku] /More than one person/ "1 "anyhow,I don't care about the result, ..." [] [towazu] /regardless of/ [] [bonyari] /absent-minded(ly); blank(ly)/ "idle one's time [kakaru] /BEGIN TOBE ABOUT TO DOALMOSTDO/ = almost died" [] [kakaru 2] /AT; ON/ "A dog jumped /Not really/

" [] exam" [] [wakeda] /of course, expected result/ "Of course it's "Rain started to fall" /there's a chance that, it could be that/ cold. ; As you would expect..." [] [dasu] /begin/start.../ [tomokagiranai] [] [komu] /...into/ "to jump into pool" [kagirida] /extremely/ "I am extremely mortified to have failed my

English."

[]

"There's a chance I might be transfered overseas in the future, so I'm going to learn [] completed." , [, ] [ni wataru, ni watatte] "the Olympic games were held for sixteen /for,over,extending,stretching,ranging,covering/ days . 16 ." [] frame./ [uchini 3] /An unforseen change that occured during a described time " hile overseas on [kakeda] /in the middle of something/ "these files are yet to be

a one-week business trip, all of the cherry blossoms in the nearby park had fallen."