Detailed Answers — Module 1, Module 2, Module 3
Q1. Compare structured and unstructured data.
Structured data is organized, stored in rows & columns (RDBMS), easily searchable, whereas unstructured
data includes text, images, videos, social media content etc.
Example: Structured → Student records, Unstructured → Tweets, emails.
Comparison Table:
Structured vs Unstructured Data
• Format: Fixed schema vs No schema
• Storage: RDBMS vs NoSQL/Big Data systems
• Example: Bank transactions vs Multimedia files
Q2. What are the different characteristics of unstructured data?
Unstructured data lacks a predefined data model, has high volume, variety, velocity, and complexity.
Examples: PDFs, images, IoT sensor logs.
Q3. Write short note on - unstructured data.
Unstructured data is any data that does not fit into traditional databases. Examples: Emails, videos, chat
logs. Importance: Used in AI, NLP, Sentiment Analysis.
Q4. Brief about the importance of unstructured data.
Unstructured data provides deep insights in decision-making, customer behavior, fraud detection, and
healthcare diagnosis.
Q5. What are the different characteristics of NoSQL?
NoSQL databases are schema-less, horizontally scalable, handle large volumes of unstructured data,
flexible, and high-performance. Types: Document, Key-Value, Column, Graph.
Q6. Write short note on - NoSQL.
NoSQL is a non-relational database model designed for unstructured/big data. Example: MongoDB,
Cassandra, Neo4j. Used in IoT, Big Data, Real-time analytics.
Q7. What are the different applications of NoSQL?
Applications include: Social media apps (Facebook, Twitter), E-commerce (Amazon, Flipkart), Real-time
analytics (stock market), IoT (sensor data), Recommendation systems (Netflix, YouTube).
Q8. Explain in detail document database features.
Document DB stores data as JSON/XML documents, schema-free, supports indexing, easy retrieval.
Example: MongoDB. Features: Scalability, Aggregation framework, Rich queries.
Q9. Explain in detail document database queries.
Document DB queries include CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete). Example in MongoDB:
[Link]({age: {$gt: 18}}). Supports filters, projections, aggregation, indexing queries.
Q10. Justify the need of Strategic information.
Strategic information helps top management in long-term planning, policy making, forecasting. Example:
Market trend analysis for launching a new product.
Q11. Compare: Operational vs Decision Support Systems.
Operational System → Day-to-day operations, real-time (bank transactions). DSS → Analytical, supports
decision-making (data warehouses, BI tools).
Comparison Table:
• Purpose: Daily operations vs Decision-making
• Data: Current vs Historical
• Example: ATM system vs Business Intelligence dashboard
Q12. Explain Data warehouse architecture with a labeled diagram.
A data warehouse includes ETL (Extract, Transform, Load), Staging area, Data storage, Metadata, OLAP
engine, Reporting tools.
Diagram: [ETL] → [Staging DB] → [Data Warehouse] → [OLAP/BI Tools].
Q13. Draw a snowflake schema for the given data warehouse scenario.
Fact table: [Date, Spectator_ID, Location, Game_ID, Count, Charge]. Dimensions: Date (day, month, year),
Spectator (student, adult, senior), Location (city, state), Game (type, team).
Snowflake Schema: Fact table linked with normalized dimensions.
