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SQL Syntax
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SQL Statements
Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL statements.
SQL statements consist of keywords that are easy to understand.
The following SQL statement selects all records from the table named "Customers":
Example Get your own SQL Server
Select all records from the Customers table:
SELECT * FROM Customers;
Try it Yourself »
In this tutorial we will teach you all about the different SQL statements.
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Database Tables
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified by a name (e.g.
"Customers" or "Orders"), and contain records (rows) with data.
In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database (included in MS Access
and MS SQL Server).
Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples:
CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address City PostalCode Co
1 Alfreds Maria Anders Obere Str. 57 Berlin 12209 Ge
Futterkiste
2 Ana Trujillo Ana Trujillo Avda. de la México 05021 Me
Emparedados y Constitución D.F.
helados 2222
3 Antonio Antonio Mataderos México 05023 Me
Moreno Moreno 2312 D.F.
Taquería
4 Around the Thomas Hardy 120 Hanover London WA1 1DP UK
Horn Sq.
5 Berglunds Christina Berguvsvägen Luleå S-958 22 Sw
snabbköp Berglund 8
The table above contains five records (one for each customer) and seven columns (CustomerID,
CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City, PostalCode, and Country).
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Keep in Mind That...
SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive: select is the same as SELECT
In this tutorial we will write all SQL keywords in upper-case.
Semicolon after SQL Statements?
Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.
Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database systems that allow
more than one SQL statement to be executed in the same call to the server.
In this tutorial, we will use semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.
Some of The Most Important SQL Commands
SELECT - extracts data from a database
UPDATE - updates data in a database
DELETE - deletes data from a database
INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
DROP TABLE - deletes a table
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CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
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DROP INDEX - deletes an index
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?
Exercise
Which SQL statement is used to select all records from a table named
'Customers'?
SELECT FROM Customers;
SELECT ALL FROM Customers;
SELECT * FROM Customers;
GET ALL FROM Customers;
Submit Answer »
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