International Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2011 pp 35-36
Fixed Point Theorem for Mapping Satisfying a Contractive Condition of Integral Type in DMetric Spaces
Rajesh Suhag*
Correspondence Addresses:
*
rajeshsuhag2@[Link]
Research Article
d ( fx,fy) d( x ,y)
Abstract: In this paper a fixed point theorem for mappings satisfying a contractive inequality of integral type in generalized metric space is established. This result is analogous to the result of Branciari.
( t )dt C
0 0
( t )dt
where : R+ R+ is a Lebesgue-integrable mapping which is summable, non-negative, and such that, for each > 0,
0
Introduction: Dhage [1] introduced the notion
of D-metric space (Generalized Metric Space) as follows. A non-empty set X together with a function D : X X X R+, R+ denote the set of all nonnegative real numbers, called a D-metric on X, becomes a D-metric space (X, D) if D satisfies the following properties : (i) D(x, y, z) = 0 if and only if x = y = z (coincidence) (ii) D(x, y, z) = D(x, z, y) = .. (symmetry) (iii) D(x, y, z) D(x, y, a) + D(x, a, z) + D(a, y, z) for all x, y, z, a X (tetrahedral inequality)
( t ) dt > 0. Then f has a
unique fixed point z X such that, for each x X, n lim f x = z.
n
The aim of this paper is to prove the above result of Branciari [2] in Generalized Metric Space. Theorem: Let X be a complete D-metric space, k [0, 1), T : X X a mapping such that, for each x, y, z X,
D( T x,T y,T z) D( x , y, z )
( t )dt k
0 0
( t )dt (1)
Example: Define a function D :: X
X X R by D(x, y, z) = max {d(x, y), d(y, z), d(z, x)} for all x, y, z X and where d is an ordinary metric on X. Then D defines a D-metric on X. A sequence {xn} in a D-metric space (X, D) is said to be D-convergent and converges to a point x X if lim D(xm, xn, x) =0
m ,n
where : R+ R+ is a Lebesgue integrable mapping which is summable, non-negative and such that for each > 0,
( t )dt > 0, (2)
0
A sequence {xn} in (X, D) is said to be DCauchy if lim D(xm, xn, xp) = 0. A complete Dm,n ,p
Then T has a unique fixed point u for each x X, lim T n x = u.
n
X such that,
metric space X is one in which every D-Cauchy sequence converges to a point in it. In a recent paper Branciari [2] established the following theorem. Theorem : Let (X, d) be a complete metric space, C [0, 1), f : X X a mapping such that, for each x, y X,
Proof :- Let x X, and for brevity, define xn = Tnx For each integer m n 1, from (1)
D( x n ,x n 1 ,x m ) D( x n 1 ,x n ,x m 1 )
( t )dt
0
k
0
( t )dt
D ( x 0 , x1 , x m n )
( t )dt
0
(3) , yields
Taking the limit of (3), as n
Copyright 2011, Statperson Publications, International Journal of Statistika And Mathematika, E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2011
Rajesh Suhag
D( x n ,x n 1 ,x m )
lim
n 0
( t )dt = 0 (4)
which implies that
D ( T u, u , u )
( t )dt = 0
0
which, from (2), implies that lim D(x n x n 1 , x m ) 0 (5)
n
We now show that {xn} is Cauchy. Suppose that it is not. Then there exists an > 0 and subsequences {m(k)}, {n(k)}, {p(k)} such that k m(k) < p(k) < n(k) D(xm(k), xn(k), xp(k)) , D(xm(k), xn(k) 1, xp(k) 1) < (6) Using the triangular inequality and (6), D(xm(k) 1, xn(k) 1, xp(k) 1) D(xm(k) 1, xm(k), xp(k) 1) + D(xm(k) 1, xn(k) 1, xm(k)) + D(xm(k), xn(k) 1, xp(k) 1) < D(xm(k) 1, xm(k), xp(k) 1) + D(xm(k) 1, xn(k) 1, xm(k)) + (7) Using (5) and (7)
D( x m ( k ) 1 ,x n ( k ) 1 ,x p ( k ) 1 )
which from (2), implies that D(Tu, u, u) = 0 or Tu = u. This implies u is a fixed point of T. For uniqueness, Suppose that u and v are fixed point of T. Then from (1),
D ( u ,u , v ) D ( T u,T u,T v) D ( u ,u , v )
( t )dt
0 0
( t )dt
k
0
( t )dt
which implies that
D ( u ,u ,v )
( t )dt
0
which, from (2), implies that D(u, u, v) = 0 or u = v, and the fixed point is unique.
lim
k 0
( t )dt
0
( t )dt (8)
Example: Let X = [0, 2] and D be a D-metric on
X defined by D(x, y, z) = max{d(x, y), d(y, z), d(z, x)}, where d is a usual metric on X. Define T : X X such that T(x) =
x 1 . Let 2
Using (1), (6) and (8), it then follows that
D( x m ( k ) , x n ( k ) ,x p ( k ) )
( t )dt
0
( t )dt
: R+ R+ be
0 D( x m ( k ) 1 ,x n ( k ) 1 ,x p ( k ) 1 )
k
0
( t )dt
k
0
( t )dt
such that (t) = t, then all the conditions of theorem are satisfied and Pr [1/4, 1) and clearly 1 is the unique fixed point of T.
which is a contradiction. Therefore {xn} is Cauchy, hence convergent. Call the limit u. From (1)
D ( T u, x n , x n 1 ) D( u ,x n 1 ,x n )
References:
[1] Dhage, B.C., Generalized metric spaces and mappings with fixed point, Bull. Cal. Math. Soc. 84, 329, 1992. Branciari, A., A fixed point theorem for mappings satisfying a general contractive condition of Integral type, Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. 29, no. 9, 531, 2002.
( t )dt
0
k
0
( t )dt
(9) , we obtain
[2]
Taking the limit of (9) as n
D ( T u,u , u ) D ( u ,u ,u )
( t )dt
0
k
0
( t )dt
International Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2011
Page 36
