Basic Symbols (Hydraulic and Pneumatic)
Lines
-continuous line - flow line -dashed line - pilot, drain -envelope - long and short dashes around two or more component symbols.
Circular
-large circle - pump, motor -small circle - Measuring devices -semi-circle - rotary actuator
Square
-one square - pressure control function -two or three adjacent squares - directional control
Diamond
-diamond - Fluid conditioner (filter, separator, lubricator, heat exchanger)
Miscellaneous Symbols
-Spring -Flow Restriction
Triangle
-solid - Direction of Hydraulic Fluid Flow -open - Direction of Pneumatic flow
Pumps and Compressors
Fixed Displacement hydraulic pump
-unidirectional -bidirectional
Variable displacement hydraulic pump
-unidirectional
-bidirectional
Compressor
Motors
Fixed displacement hydraulic motor
-unidirectional -bidirectional
Variable displacement hydraulic motor
-unidirectional -bidirectional
Pneumatic motor
-unidirectional -bidirectional
Rotary Actuator
- hydraulic - pneumatic
Cylinders
Single acting cylinder
-returned by external force -returned by spring or extended by spring force
Double acting cylinders
-single piston rod (fluid required to extend and retract) -double ended piston rod
Cylinders with cushions
- single fixed cushion
- double fixed cushion - single adjustable cushion - double adjustable cushion
Directional Control Valves
Directional control valve (2 ports / 2 positions)
-Normally closed directional control valve with 2 ports and 2 finite positions. -Normally open directional control valve with 2 ports and 2 finite positions.
Directional control valve (3 ports / 2 positions)
-Normally closed directional control valve with 3 ports and 2 finite positions. -Normally open directional control valve with 3 ports and 2 finite positions.
Directional control valve (4 ports / 2 positions)
-directional control valve with 4 ports and 2 finite positions
Directional control valve (4 ports / 3 positions)
-directional control valve with 4 ports and 3 finite positions *-(centre position can have various flow paths)
Directional control valve (5 ports / 2 positions) Normally a pneumatic valve
-directional control valve with 5 ports and 2 finite positions
Directional control valve (5 ports / 3 positions) Normally a pneumatic valve
-directional control valve with 5 ports and 3 finite positions
Proportional directional control valve Electro-hydraulic servo valve
-The spool positions on these valves is variable allowing for variable flow conditions. -single-stage direct operation unit which accepts an analog signal and provides a similar analog fluid power output
-two-stage with mechanical feedback indirect pilot operation unit which accepts an analog signal and provides a similar analog fluid power output
Control Methods
Manual Control
-general symbol (without showing the control type) -pushbutton -lever -foot pedal
Mechanical Control
-plunger or tracer -spring -roller -roller(one direction only)
Electrical Control
-Solenoid (the one winding)
Pilot Operation
-pneumatic -hydraulic
Pilot operated two-stage valve
-Pneumatic: Sol first stage -Pneumatic: Air pilot second stage -Hydraulic: Sol first stage -Hydraulic: Hyd pilot second stage
Check valves, Shuttle valves, Rapid Exhaust valves
-check valve -free flow one direction, blocked flow in other direction -pilot operated check valve, pilot to close -pilot operated check valve, pilot to open
Shuttle valve
-to isolate one part of a system from an alternate part of circuit.
Rapid exhaust valve/Pneumatic
-installed close to an actuator for rapid movement of the actuator.
Pressure Control Valves
Pressure Relief Valve(safety valve) normally closed
- line pressure is limited to the setting of the valve, secondary part is directed to tank.
Proportional Pressure Relief
- line pressure is limited to and proportional to an electronic signal
Sequence Valve
- when the line pressure reaches the setting of the valve, valve opens permitting flow to the secondary port. The pilot must be externally drained to tank.
Pressure Reducing valve
- pressure downstream of valve is limited to the setting of the valve
Flow Control Valves
Throttle valve
-adjustable output flow
Flow Control valve
-with fixed output (variations in inlet pressure do not affect rate of flow)
-with fixed output and relief port to reservoir with relief for excess flow (variations in inlet pressure do not affect rate of flow) -with variable output -fixed orifice -metered flow toward right free flow to left -pressure compensated flow control fixed output flow regardless of load -pressure and temperature compensated -with variable output and relief port to reservoir
Flow dividing valve
-flow is divided equally to two outputs.
Shut-Off Valve
-Simplified symbol
Accumulators
Filters, Water Traps, Lubricators and Miscellaneous Apparatus
Filter or Strainer
Water Trap
-with manual drain -with automatic drained
Filter with water trap
-with manual drain -automatic drain
Air Dryer
refrigerant, or chemical removal of water from compressed air line
Lubricator
-oil vapour is indicted into air line
Conditioning unit
-compound symbol of filter, regulator, lubricator unit -Simplified Symbol
Heat Exchangers
<> -air or water cooled unit designed to remove heat from oil returning to reservoir
