PROSIMPLUS APPLICATION EXAMPLE
NATURAL GAS DEHYDRATION UNIT
WITH TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL
EXAMPLE PURPOSE
This example illustrates a process to remove water from natural gas using Triethylene Glycol (TEG) as dehydration
solvent. The interesting points of this example lie in the use of the absorption module for the contactor model and
in the representation of two columns connected in series (the TEG regenerator and the TEG stripper) by a single
ProSimPlus stripper module. Additionally, the Windows Script module is used in different parts of the flowsheet to
perform specific calculations (gas water dew point, TEG losses for make-up calculation).
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E12_TEG_Dehydration.pmp3
Reader is reminded that this use case is only an example and should not be used for other purposes. Although this example is based on actual
case it may not be considered as typical nor are the data used always the most accurate available. ProSim shall have no responsibility or liability
for damages arising out of or related to the use of the results of calculations based on this example.
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
Version: February 2010
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
2.
PROCESS MODELING..................................................................................................... 3
1.1.
Process description ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.2.
Process flowsheet ............................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.
Simulation flowsheet............................................................................................................................ 5
1.4.
Components ........................................................................................................................................ 6
1.5.
Thermodynamic model ........................................................................................................................ 6
1.6.
Operating conditions............................................................................................................................ 7
1.7.
Initialization ........................................................................................................................................ 10
1.8.
"Tips and tricks"................................................................................................................................. 10
RESULTS ........................................................................................................................ 11
2.1.
Mass and energy balance ................................................................................................................. 11
2.2.
Dew temperatures ............................................................................................................................. 13
2.3.
Columns profiles ................................................................................................................................ 13
3.
PROCESS ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION................................................................. 17
4.
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 18
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
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1. PROCESS MODELING
1.1. Process description
This process is the traditional Triethylene Glycol (TEG) based dehydration process and represent a unit with gas
absorption and extraction solvent regeneration. The objective is to reduce the amount of water in the natural gas
with TEG, used as the extraction solvent. This process is required to prevent hydrates formation at low
temperatures or corrosion problems due to the presence of carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide (regularly found in
natural gas).
The wet gas feeds the contactor D200 (stream 1) at 71 bar gage. This column absorbs a part of the water in the gas
in the Triethylene Glycol (TEG) mixture. At the end of the regeneration loop, the lean TEG feeds the top part of the
contactor (stream 16) and absorbs water. Rich TEG leaves the bottom (stream 3) by level control and is
depressurized to 5 bar gage (valve V200). The rich stream flows through a cartridge filter (F200 A/B) to remove
solid particles coming from corrosion or TEG degradation. These solid particles and degradation are not taken into
account in this model and consequently, the filtration does not have any impact in terms of simulation and is not
represented. Once filtered, this flow is used as cold fluid of the condenser (E200) of the TEG regeneration column
(C201). It is to be noted that in the simulation this condenser is represented separately from the column. The
amount of heat to be removed in the C201 column condenser is transferred through an information stream in the
heat exchanger module E200.
The wet TEG then enters a flash tank B200 (stream 5) in which gaseous hydrocarbons that were absorbed along
with the water in the contactor are vaporized. These hydrocarbons are heated in heat exchanger E204 (stream 7)
and used as stripping fluid in the stripper C202 (stream 9). The liquid phase heated in the heat exchanger E202
(stream 6) then feeds the regenerator C201 head (stream 11). This column is used to strip water from the TEG and
operates at atmospheric pressure. Waste gases consisting of water and the hydrocarbons dissolved in the TEG,
leave the regenerator at the top. The liquid bottom stream feeds the stripping column C202. This column decreases
of the TEG water concentration by stripping using hydrocarbons vapors from B200. Lean TEG (stream 8) is then
sent from the bottom of the column to storage tank R200. This storage tank has no meaning in terms of steadystate simulation but allows the regulation of the TEG flow. Consequently, it is represented by a mixer module. The
TEG make-up (stream 14) is required to compensate the losses due to gas entrainment or degradation. Lean TEG
is then pumped in P200 A/B and feed the contactor D200 head (stream 16).
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
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1.2. Process flowsheet
Process flowsheet of a TEG natural gas dehydration unit
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
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1.3. Simulation flowsheet
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
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1.4. Components
Components taken into account in the simulation, chemical formula and CAS number are presented in the following
table. Pure components physical properties are extracted from the ProSimPlus standard database.
Component name
Chemical formula
CAS number
Methane
CH4
74-82-8
Ethane
C2H6
74-84-0
Propane
C3H8
74-98-6
n-butane
C4H10
106-97-8
Isobutane
C4H10
75-28-5
n-pentane
C5H12
109-66-0
Isopentane
C5H12
78-78-4
n-hexane
C6H14
110-54-3
n-heptane
C7H16
142-82-5
n-octane
C8H18
111-65-9
n-nonane
C9H20
111-84-2
n-decane
C10H22
124-18-5
n-undecane
C11H24
1120-21-4
n-dodecane
C12H26
112-40-3
Nitrogen
N2
7727-37-9
Carbon dioxide
CO2
124-38-9
Water
H2O
7732-18-5
Triethylene glycol
C6H14O4
112-27-6
1.5. Thermodynamic model
Considering the temperatures and pressures of the contactor, an equation of state approach has been chosen,
allowing the accurate calculation of the thermodynamics functions (fugacities, enthalpies, entropies.) at conditions
close to critical conditions. As polar components are also present (water and TEG in particular), a complex mixing
rule has been used in order to use an equation of state approach with this type of components. The equation of
state selected is the Peng-Robinson equation of state [PEN76] with the mixing rule MHV2 proposed by Michelsen
and al. [MIC90b], [DAH90]. The model for the excess enthalpy calculation is UNIQUAC [ABR75], [AND78].
The binaries interaction parameters have been regressed in MS-Excel using Simulis Thermodynamics.
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
Version: February 2010
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1.6. Operating conditions
Process feed (Wet gas)
Temperature (C)
25
Pressure (barg)
71
Total mass flowrate (t/h)
37.2080
Mass fraction
Methane
0.8227
Ethane
0.0592
Propane
0.0476
n-butane
0.0188
Isobutane
0.0109
n-pentane
0.0063
Isopentane
0.0074
n-hexane
0.0065
n-heptane
0.0042
n-octane
0.0014
n-nonane
0.000217
n-decane
4.27E-005
n-undecane
3.8E-006
n-dodecane
1.01E-006
Nitrogen
0.0045
Carbon dioxide
0.0095
Water
Triethylene glycol
0.000622
0
Absorber - Contactor D200
Operating parameters
Type of column
Value
Absorber
Number of theoretical tray
Feed tray
Outlet pressure (barg)
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70.75
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
Version: February 2010
Valve V200
Operating parameters
Type of valve
Pressure (barg)
Type of exchanger
Information stream specification
Type of separator
Type of flash
Heat duty exchanged
Pressure
Value
Simple heat exchanger
-
Value
Diphasic L-V separator
Pressure and heat duty fixed
Adiabatic
The lowest of the feed streams
Heat exchanger E204
Operating parameters
Type of exchanger
Outlet temperature (C)
Expansion valve
Liquid-vapor separator B200
Operating parameters
Value
Heat exchanger E200
Operating parameters
Page : 8 / 18
Value
Cooler / heater
175
Columns C201/ C202
Operating parameters
Type of column
Value
Stripper
Number of theoretical trays
Feed tray
Heat duty to be removed from the condenser (kW)
Outlet pressure (bar)
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
Version: February 2010
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Additional specifications
Tray N 1 temperature (C)
100
Tray N 4 temperature (C)
204
Intermediate boiler
Initialization : top temperature (C)
100
Initialization : bottom temperature (C)
194
Heat exchanger E202
Operating parameters
Type of exchanger
Specification
Outlet temperature (C)
Type of exchanger
Outlet temperature (C)
Counter current or multipasses
Cold stream
150
Value
Cooler / heater
28.7
Mixer R200
Operating parameters
Type of mixer
Pressure
Value
Heat exchanger E203
Operating parameters
At tray 4, with 10 kW heat input
Value
Other mixer
The lowest of the feed streams
Pump P200 A/B
Operating parameters
Type of mixer
Value
Centrifugal pump
Outlet pressure (barg)
70.75
Volumetric efficiency
0.65
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
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1.7. Initialization
The TEG flowrate in the loop is fixed by initializing the flash drum B200 inlet stream (stream 5). From the knowledge
of this flowrate, it is possible to calculate B200, C201 / C202 and the TEG feed to contactor D200. Initialization is
set in order to obtain a dry gas dew point at -40C .
1.8. "Tips and tricks"
Windows Script modules (Dew C_1 and Dew C_17) located on the wet gas stream and on the dry gas stream
calculate the water dew point of their respective streams. The calculation is performed using data from McKetta and
Wehe [MKW58].
Another Windows Script module (TEG loss) is used to calculate the required TEG make-up from the TEG losses
in the dry gas and the waste gas.
Additionally, the top column C201 condenser has been separated in the simulation flowsheet: the heat duty
removed from the condenser is transferred through an information stream to the heat exchanger module E200. The
required conversion is made by information stream handler.
C201 and C202 columns are represented with a unique column module as they are installed in series. C201
reboiler is set in this module as an intermediate tray boiler. This simplifies the simulation flow scheme but its not
mandatory. Using s distillation column module for C201 and a stripper module for C202 connected in series would
have provided the same results.
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
Version: February 2010
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2. RESULTS
2.1. Mass and energy balance
This table presents only the most relevant stream results. In ProSimPlus, mass and energy balances are provided
for every stream. Results are also available at the unit operation level (result tab in the configuration window).
Streams
1
3
5
8
From
Wet Gas
D200
E200
C201 / C202
To
Dew_C 1
V200
B200
E202
Partial flows
t/h
t/h
t/h
t/h
METHANE
30.614496 0.00892193
0.008922
0.00019248
ETHANE
2.20296361 0.00031979 0.00031979
7.04E-06
PROPANE
1.77130183 0.00039308 0.00039308
9.61E-06
n-BUTANE
0.6995898 0.00047217 0.00047217
8.69E-06
ISOBUTANE
0.40561323 0.00021306 0.00021306
3.74E-06
n-PENTANE
0.23443701 0.00016836 0.00016836
3.61E-06
ISOPENTANE
0.27537045 0.00016215 0.00016215
3.42E-06
n-HEXANE
0.24187945 0.00017607 0.00017607
4.40E-06
n-HEPTANE
0.15629134 0.00011506 0.00011506
3.18E-06
n-OCTANE
0.05209711
3.87E-05
3.87E-05
1.18E-06
n-NONANE
0.00807505
6.14E-06
6.14E-06
2.00E-07
n-DECANE
0.00158896
1.25E-06
1.25E-06
4.30E-08
n-UNDECANE
0.00014141
1.21E-07
1.21E-07
4.07E-09
n-DODECANE
3.76E-05
3.32E-08
3.32E-08
1.14E-09
NITROGEN
0.167455
6.48E-05
6.48E-05
6.74E-07
CARBON DIOXIDE
0.35351612 0.00020549 0.00020549
4.13E-06
WATER
0.023146
0.02315561 0.02315563 0.00027511
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL
0
0.56314148 0.56314742 0.56308308
Total flow
t/h
37.208
0.59755524 0.59756128 0.5636006
Total flow
m3(n)/h 46352.7933 126.367223 126.368238 84.6751459
Mass fractions
METHANE
0.82279338 0.01493071 0.01493069 0.00034152
ETHANE
0.05920672 0.00053516 0.00053516
1.25E-05
PROPANE
0.0476054 0.00065782 0.00065781
1.71E-05
n-BUTANE
0.01880213 0.00079016 0.00079016
1.54E-05
ISOBUTANE
0.01090124 0.00035656 0.00035656
6.63E-06
n-PENTANE
0.00630072 0.00028175 0.00028175
6.41E-06
ISOPENTANE
0.00740084 0.00027136 0.00027136
6.07E-06
n-HEXANE
0.00650074 0.00029464 0.00029464
7.80E-06
n-HEPTANE
0.00420048 0.00019255 0.00019254
5.64E-06
n-OCTANE
0.00140016
6.47E-05
6.47E-05
2.10E-06
n-NONANE
0.00021702
1.03E-05
1.03E-05
3.55E-07
n-DECANE
4.27E-05
2.10E-06
2.10E-06
7.63E-08
n-UNDECANE
3.80E-06
2.02E-07
2.02E-07
7.23E-09
n-DODECANE
1.01E-06
5.56E-08
5.56E-08
2.01E-09
NITROGEN
0.00450051 0.00010837 0.00010837
1.20E-06
CARBON DIOXIDE
0.00950108 0.00034388 0.00034388
7.33E-06
WATER
0.00062207 0.03875058 0.03875021 0.00048814
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL
0
0.94240908 0.94240948 0.99908177
Physical state
Vapor
Liquid
Liq./Vap.
Liquid
Temperature
C
25
25.2382295 25.8503908 195.744508
Pressure
barr
70.9999805 70.7499806 4.99999837 0.03674972
Enthalpy
kW
-933.947796 -105.15569 -103.83171 -26.6041535
Vapor fraction
1
0.09324884
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9
E204
C201 / C202
t/h
0.00785102
0.00029981
0.00034463
0.00029736
0.00014873
9.56E-05
0.00010174
9.11E-05
5.36E-05
1.61E-05
2.23E-06
3.88E-07
3.02E-08
6.91E-09
5.62E-05
0.00016576
1.12E-05
1.48E-08
0.00953553
11.783692
0.82334371
0.03144177
0.03614116
0.03118463
0.01559709
0.01002903
0.01066959
0.0095507
0.00562361
0.00168666
0.00023372
4.07E-05
3.17E-06
7.24E-07
0.00589571
0.01738332
0.00117321
1.55E-06
Vapor
175
4.99999837
0.92407112
1
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
Version: February 2010
Streams
10
13
14
12
From
C201 / C202
E203
Make up (TEG)
E202
To
Waste gas
R200
R200
E203
Partial flows
t/h
t/h
t/h
t/h
METHANE
0.0087295 0.00019248
0
0.00019248
ETHANE
0.00031275
7.04E-06
0
7.04E-06
PROPANE
0.00038347
9.61E-06
0
9.61E-06
n-BUTANE
0.00046348
8.69E-06
0
8.69E-06
ISOBUTANE
0.00020933
3.74E-06
0
3.74E-06
n-PENTANE
0.00016475
3.61E-06
0
3.61E-06
ISOPENTANE
0.00015873
3.42E-06
0
3.42E-06
n-HEXANE
0.00017167
4.40E-06
0
4.40E-06
n-HEPTANE
0.00011188
3.18E-06
0
3.18E-06
n-OCTANE
3.75E-05
1.18E-06
0
1.18E-06
n-NONANE
5.94E-06
2.00E-07
0
2.00E-07
n-DECANE
1.21E-06
4.30E-08
0
4.30E-08
n-UNDECANE
1.17E-07
4.07E-09
0
4.07E-09
n-DODECANE
3.21E-08
1.14E-09
0
1.14E-09
NITROGEN
6.41E-05
6.74E-07
0
6.74E-07
CARBON DIOXIDE
0.00020136
4.13E-06
0
4.13E-06
WATER
0.02288049 0.00027511
0
0.00027511
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL
5.84E-05
0.56308308
8.83E-05
0.56308308
Total flow
t/h
0.0339547
0.5636006
8.83E-05
0.5636006
Total flow
m3(n)/h 41.6921514 84.6751459 0.01318003 84.6751459
Mass fractions
METHANE
0.25709263 0.00034152
0
0.00034152
ETHANE
0.00921083
1.25E-05
0
1.25E-05
PROPANE
0.01129369
1.71E-05
0
1.71E-05
n-BUTANE
0.01364984
1.54E-05
0
1.54E-05
ISOBUTANE
0.00616491
6.63E-06
0
6.63E-06
n-PENTANE
0.00485212
6.41E-06
0
6.41E-06
ISOPENTANE
0.00467473
6.07E-06
0
6.07E-06
n-HEXANE
0.00505584
7.80E-06
0
7.80E-06
n-HEPTANE
0.0032949
5.64E-06
0
5.64E-06
n-OCTANE
0.0011046
2.10E-06
0
2.10E-06
n-NONANE
0.00017508
3.55E-07
0
3.55E-07
n-DECANE
3.57E-05
7.63E-08
0
7.63E-08
n-UNDECANE
3.44E-06
7.23E-09
0
7.23E-09
n-DODECANE
9.45E-07
2.01E-09
0
2.01E-09
NITROGEN
0.00188728
1.20E-06
0
1.20E-06
CARBON DIOXIDE
0.00593029
7.33E-06
0
7.33E-06
WATER
0.67385331 0.00048814
0
0.00048814
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL
0.00171989 0.99908177
1
0.99908177
Physical state
Vapor
Liquid
Liquid
Liq./Vap.
Temperature
C
100
28.7
28.7
56.424346
Pressure
barr
0.03674972 0.03674972
-2.74E-07
0.03674972
Enthalpy
kW
1.37124506 -85.8591173 -0.01342316 -75.8857401
Vapor fraction
1
0.00969686 0.00017069
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16
P200 A/B
D200
t/h
0.00019248
7.04E-06
9.61E-06
8.69E-06
3.74E-06
3.61E-06
3.42E-06
4.40E-06
3.18E-06
1.18E-06
2.00E-07
4.30E-08
4.07E-09
1.14E-09
6.74E-07
4.13E-06
0.00027511
0.56317139
0.56368891
84.6883259
18
Dew_C200
Dry Gas
t/h
30.6057666
2.20265086
1.77091835
0.69912632
0.40540391
0.23427225
0.27521172
0.24170778
0.15617946
0.05205961
0.00806911
0.00158775
0.00014129
3.76E-05
0.16739092
0.35331476
0.0002655
2.99E-05
37.1741337
46311.1144
0.00034147
1.25E-05
1.70E-05
1.54E-05
6.63E-06
6.40E-06
6.07E-06
7.80E-06
5.64E-06
2.10E-06
3.55E-07
7.63E-08
7.23E-09
2.01E-09
1.20E-06
7.32E-06
0.00048806
0.99908192
Liquid
30.0329608
70.7499806
-84.3434882
0.82330813
0.05925224
0.04763846
0.0188068
0.01090554
0.00630202
0.00740331
0.00650204
0.00420129
0.00140043
0.00021706
4.27E-05
3.80E-06
1.01E-06
0.00450289
0.00950432
7.14E-06
8.05E-07
Vapor
25.52827 23
70.7499806
-913.135691
1
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
Version: February 2010
Page : 13 / 18
2.2. Dew temperatures
Dew temperatures are calculated by Windows Script modules:
Module
Inlet stream
Result (C)
Dew_C 1
24.7
Dew C200
17
-40.6
2.3. Columns profiles
Composition profiles can be accessed after the simulation in each column configuration window, in the Profiles
tab. Double clicking on the profile will generate the corresponding graph.
Note that in ProSimPlus the stages are numbered from top to bottom. Stage 1 is the condenser, the last stage is the
boiler.
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
Version: February 2010
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D200 (Absorber Contactor): temperature profile
D200 - Temperature profile
Temperature (C)
25.60
25.50
25.40
25.30
Stage
Temperature profile in the column
D200 (Absorber Contactor): Liquid mole fractions profile
D200 - Liquid mole-fractions
Mole-fraction
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
1
Stage
METHANE
ISOPENTANE
n-UNDECANE
ETHANE
n-HEXANE
n-DODECANE
PROPANE
n-HEPTANE
NITROGEN
n-BUTANE
n-OCTANE
CARBON DIOXIDE
ISOBUTANE
n-NONANE
WATER
n-PENTANE
n-DECANE
TRIETHYLENE GLYC
Liquid mole-fractions profile in the column
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Version: February 2010
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C201 / C202 (Regenerator and stripper): temperature profile
C201 / C202 - Temperature profile
Temperature (C)
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
1
Stage
Temperature profile in the column
C201 / C202 (Regenerator and stripper): liquid mole-fractions profile
C201 / C202 - Liquid mole-fractions
Mole-fraction
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
1
Stage
METHANE
ISOPENTANE
n-UNDECANE
ETHANE
n-HEXANE
n-DODECANE
PROPANE
n-HEPTANE
NITROGEN
n-BUTANE
n-OCTANE
CARBON DIOXIDE
ISOBUTANE
n-NONANE
WATER
n-PENTANE
n-DECANE
TRIETHYLENE GLYC
Liquid mole-fractions profile in the column
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
Version: February 2010
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C201 / C202 (Regenerator and stripper): vapor mole fractions profile
C201 / C202 - Vapor mole-fractions
Mole-fraction
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
1
Stage
METHANE
ISOPENTANE
n-UNDECANE
ETHANE
n-HEXANE
n-DODECANE
PROPANE
n-HEPTANE
NITROGEN
n-BUTANE
n-OCTANE
CARBON DIOXIDE
ISOBUTANE
n-NONANE
WATER
n-PENTANE
n-DECANE
TRIETHYLENE GLYC
Vapor mole-fractions profile in the column
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
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3. Process analysis and optimization
When optimizing the design of dehydration unit, the impact of the following parameters can be easily evaluated
using the simulation model presented in this document:
The number of contactor D 200 theoretical trays
TEG circulation rate
Temperature of the reboiler in the regenerator
Pressure of B200 flash drum
In particular, it can be noted that the reboiler TEG temperature is limited by the degradation temperature of the
glycol. B200 pressure acts on the stripping gas flow and therefore and on the regenerator performance. These two
parameters act on the water content of the lean TEG.
Other parameters may have also a limited impact. The number of theoretical trays of the TEG regenerator has a
little impact on lean TEG content. Heat exchanger recovery E 202 outlet temperature has an impact on the reboiler
duty.
Lean TEG temperature at the top of the contactor affects the water partial pressure at the top stage. Consequently,
lower TEG temperatures will result in reduced amount of water in the overhead lean gas. This will also increase the
amount of gas absorbed in the TEG and consequently, increase the gas losses. This temperature is controlled by
the temperature controller located at E202 outlet.
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Natural gas dehydration unit with TEG
Version: February 2010
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4. REFERENCES
[ABR75]
D.S. Abrams, J.M. Prausnitz
Statistical thermodynamics of liquid mixtures: A new expression for the excess Gibbs energy of
partly or complete miscible systems.
AIChE. Journal, 1975, Vol. 21, No 3, p. 116-128
[AND78]
T.F. Anderson, J.M. Prausnitz
Application of the UNIQUAC equation to calculation of multicomponent phase-equilibria. 1-Vaporliquid equilibria.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design & Development, 1978, Vol. 17, No 4, p. 552560
[DAH 90]
Dahl S. Michelsen, M.L,
AIChE Journal, 1990, Vol. 36, p 1829-1836
[MIC 90b]
Michelsen M.L.
A modified Huron-Vidal mixing rule for cubic Equation of state
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 60, pp. 213-219 (1990)
[MKW58]
MC Ketta and Wehe
Water contents of natural gases with correlations for salinity and relative density
Hydrocarbon Processing, 1958
[PEN76]
Y.D. Peng, D.B. Robison
A new two constant equation of state.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1976, Vol. 15, No 1, p. 59-64
Copyright 2010 ProSim, Labge, France All rights reserved
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