FUTURE SKYSCRAPERS

1. Taipei International Financial Center 2003 Architect: Cy Lee and Partners Location: Taipei, Taiwan Number of floors: 101 Height: 502 meters 2. Lotte World 2 Tower

2005 Architect: Baum Architects Location: Pusan, South orea Number of floors: 10! Height: "#5 meters
3. Asia Plaza 200$ Architect: u%nown Location: aohsiun&, Taiwan Number of floors: 103 Height: "31 meters ". Shan hai World Financial Center 200" Architect: Shimi'u Corporation ( P) Location: Shan&hai, China Number of floors: *" Height: "20 meters

5. 2 International Finance

Center
2003 Architect: Cesar Pe++i and Associates Location: ,on& on&, China Number of floors: $$ Height: "00 meters

#. Fairwell International Center 2003 Architect: ,e++muth, -.ata and [Link] Location: /iamen, China Number of floors: $$ Height: 3*! meters !. !ina Tower 2003 Architect: u%nown Location: ,on& on&, China Number of floors: !* Height: 31* meters $. "#!I Center Architect: 0.1. Pei and Partners Location: 2a%arta, 0ndonesia Number of floors: #2 Height: 31! meters

$REAT "UIL#I!$S
2PT 3e4iew Center

E$YPTIA! ARC%ITECTURE
5circa 1200 BC 6 A7 1st Century8

Te&ple o' L()or

or Southern Sanctuary at Lu9or, :&ypt, 1$th dynasty %in& dedicated to A&on*Re, %in& o; the <ods .ui+t o; sandstone ;or the =uarries o; <e.e+ Si+si+a

A+( Si&+el
dedicated chie;t+y to Re*%ara,hti, <od o; the risin& sun .ui+t durin& the rei&n o; 3amses 00 5130" 6 123! BC8

P-ra&id o' Kin .oser

Architect: 0mhotep ear+iest pyramida+ structure o; the ancient wor+d, the Step P-ra&id 5c.2#30 BC8 o; in& >oser at Sa==ara, :&ypt consist o; si9 terraces o; recedin& si'es with a one sta.a

The $reat P-ra&id

the Pyramid o; hu;u is the +ar&est in the wor+d, measurin& 230m 5!5# ;t8

$REEK ARC%ITECTURE
5circa 300 6 30 BC8

Parthenon
""!?"3$ Architect: 0tchinus and Ca++icrates with Phidias Location: Athens, <reece Style: Ancient <ree% 7oric on the historic Acropo+is. 7oric e9emp+ar

Erechthe(&
"21 6 "05 Architect: 1nesic+es Location: Athens, <reece Style: Ancient <ree%, 0onic has Caryatid Porch with ;i&ura+ co+umns. -n the Acropo+is, uses &rade chan&e.

Epida(r(s Theater
Architect: Po+y%+eitos Location: :pidauros, or :pidha4ros, <reece Style: Ancient <ree%

and the =ua+ity o; its acoustics ma%e the :pidaurus theatre one o; the &reat architectura+ achie4ements o; the ;ourth century. the +ar&est and .est preser4ed ancient theaters in <reece. can accommodate 1",000 spectators.

R/0A! ARC%ITECTURE
5300BC 6 3#5 A78

The Pantheon
11$ ? 12# Architect: Acrippa Location: 3ome, 0ta+y Style: Ancient 3oman &reat domed ha++ with ocu+us oc(l(s 6 a sin&+e circu+ar openin& one o; the &reat spiritua+ .ui+din&s o; the wor+d it was .ui+t as a 3oman temp+e and +ater consecrated as a Catho+ic Church re4i4ed the use o; .ric% and concrete in temp+e Architecture

Tra1an2s For(&
100 6 112 Architect: Apo++odorus o; 7amascus Location: 3ome, 0ta+y Style: 3oman composed o; an arc o; arched arcade most ma&ni;icent and architectura++y most p+easin& +ar&est %nown ;orums

Colosse(&
!0 6 $2 Architect: @espacian and 7omitian Location: 3ome, 0ta+y Style: Ancient 3oman three?=uarter co+umns and enta.+atures, 7oric in the ;irst story, 0onic in the second, and Corinthian in the third, ;ace the three tiers o; arcades +ar&est 3oman Amphitheater desi&ned to ho+d 50,000 spectators had appro9imate+y ei&hty entrances so crowds cou+d arri4e and +ea4e easi+y and =uic%+y

A0ERICA! ARC%ITECTURE

White %o(se
Architect: 2ames ,[Link] Location: Aashin&ton, 7.C. Date: 1!*3 to 1$01, .urned 1$1", porticos 1$2" to1$2* Style: <eor&ian Beoc+assica+ o;;icia+ residence o; the president o; the Cnited States o; America, ;or the +ast 200 years

Capitol o' the United States

Architects: Thornton?Latro.e?Bu+;inch Location: Aashin&ton, 7.C. Date: 1!*3 to 1$30 Style: Beoc+assica+ meetin& p+ace o; the C.S. Con&ress, the nationa+ assem.+y o; the Cnited States o; America, consistin& o; the ,ouse o; 3epresentati4es and the Senate

!ational $aller- o' Art

Architect: 2ohn 3usse+ Pope houses one o; the ;inest co++ections o; paintin&, scu+ptures, and &raphic arts in the wor+d

Washin ton 0on(&ent

Architect: [Link] 1i++s Location: Aashin&ton, 7.C. Style: Beo?:&yptian the o.e+is% is the on+y remnant o; the ori&ina+ .+ue print that remains with <eor&e 1arsh, competition 1$3#. standard :&yptian proportion o; 10D1 hei&ht to .ase

Uni3ersit- o' 4ir inia

1$2# Architect: Thomas 2e;;erson Location: Char+ottes4i++e, @ir&inia Building Type: Cni4ersity campus Style: C+assica+, Beo?Pa++adian ideas o; symmetry and use o; .ric% arcades connect .ui+din&s around centra+ +awn cur4in& .ric% wa++s surround campus

0assach(setts State %o(se

Architect: Char+es Bu+;inch ? ;irst nati4e?.orn pro;essiona+ American architect c+assica+ e+ements are pi+asters, porticos and domes

Saint Patric,2s Cathedral

Architect: 2ames 3enwic% Location: Bew Eor% shaped +i%e a Latin cross the +ar&est 3oman Catho+ic Cathedra+ in the Cnited States desi&ned in a <othic 3e4i4a+ materia+s at :n&+ish and )rench <othic Sty+e

Connectic(t State Capitol

Architect: 3ichard CpFohn

0onticello
1!#$ to 1!$2 Architect: Thomas 2e;;erson Location: Char+ottes4i++e, @ir&inia Building Type: ,ouse Style: Co+onia+ <eor&ian 3emode+ed1!*# to 1$0$ .eauti;u+ hi++top home is a c+assica+ e9amp+e o; the +ate 1$th Century American architecture and a nationa+ historic +andmar%

!ew Yor, Cit- %all

Architect: Pierre LGen;ant Style: )rench 3enaissance ? <eor&ian Sty+e one o; the most historica+ architectura++y distin&uished .ui+din& in Bew Eor%

Fallin water
1*3", 1*3$, 1*"$ Architect: )ran% L+oyd Ari&ht Location: -hiopy+e, Pennsy+4ania Building Type: house Style: :9pressionist 1odern canti+e4ers dramatica++y o4er roc% outcroppin& and rushin& stream sends out ;ree?;+oatin& p+at;orms audacious+y o4er a sma++ water;a++ and anchors them in the natura+ roc%

$(

enhei& 0(se(&

1*5# to 1*5* Architect: )ran% L+oyd Ari&ht Location: Bew Eor%, Bew Eor% Building Type: art museum Style: 1odern a &i;t o; pure architectureHor rather o; scu+pture .ased on or&anic ;orms that the architect ;ound in seashe++s and snai+s

Coonle- %o(se
1*0$ Architect: )ran% L+oyd Ari&ht Location: 3i4erside. 0++inois Style: Prairie sty+e Building Type: house Construction System: wood ;rame with stucco a +ar&e, sophisticated prairie house

Ennis %o(se
1*23 Architect: )ran% L+oyd Ari&ht Location: Los An&e+es, Ca+i;ornia Building type: house Style: 7eco 1odern Construction system: .earin& masonry, concrete .+oc%s the +ast o; the ;our Los An&e+es te9ti+e .+oc% house

5ohnson Wa) "(ildin

1*3# to 1*3* and 1*"" Architect: )ran% L+oyd Ari&ht Location: 3acine, Aisconsin Construction system: precast concrete and .ric% Style: modern uni=ue structura+ e9pression in open ha++, tower with rounded corners the tower is tota++y enc+osed and does not a++ow ;or hori'onta+ e9pansion o; wor% space articu+ated .y dendri;orm co+umns capa.+e o; supportin& si9 times the wei&ht imposed upon them, a ;act Ari&ht had to demonstrate in order to [Link] a .ui+din& permit

Lar,in "(ildin
1*0", demo+ished 1*50 Architect: )ran% L+oyd Ari&ht Location: Bu;;a+o, Bew Eor% Building Type: commercia+ o;;ices Construction system: .ric% masonry Style: :ar+y modern +ar&e ;our?storey centra+ atrium the ;irst entire+y air?conditioned modern o;;ice .ui+din& on record

Win spread
1*3! Architect: )ran% L+oyd Ari&ht Location: Aind Point, Aisconsin Building type: +ar&e house Style: neo?@ernacu+ar +i4in& room, dinin& room, %itchen, ;ami+y s+eepin& rooms, &uest rooms, were separate unites &rouped to&ether and connected .y corridors

$olden $ate "rid e

1*33 to 1*3! Architect: 2oseph Strauss Location: San )rancisco, Ca+i;ornia Building type: suspension .rid&e Construction system: stee+ ;rame, stee+ ca.+es Styles: Structura+ 1odern with some Art 7eco detai+s one o; the +on&est .rid&e in the wor+d a power;u+ and e+e&ant human structure in an e=ua++y .eauti;u+ natura+ +ocation o4era++ .rid&e +en&th o; *2## ;eet, or 2$2" meters .rid&e main span +en&th o; "200 ;eet, or 12$0 meters

FRE!C% ARC%ITECTURE The Lo(3re

15"# to 1$!$ Architect: Pierre Lescot Location: Paris, )rance Building type: pa+ace, art museum Construction system: cut stone .earin& masonry Style: )rench 3enaissance a+so desi&ned .y Catherine de 1edici, 2.A. du Cerceau 00, C+aude Perrau+t, etc.

I606 PeiD desi&n the &+ass pyramid, which ser4es as the main pu.+ic entrance

T(ileries
the Tui+eries <arden o; Paris is part o; the Triumpha+ way, which .e&ins at the Lou4re and continues to the CityGs Aestern ed&e

Palais Ro-al
commissioned .y Cardina+ 3iche+ie4 ori&ina+ name is Pa+ais Cardina+ 1!th century #aniel "(renD stripped co+umns

Sacre*coe(r
+ocated at the hi++ o; 1ontmartre which is the hi&hest point in the city o; paris 1$!"D Pau+ [Link] 1*10D comp+eted .y Lucien 1a&ne

%otel de 4ille
+ar&est renaissance .ui+din& 1#th and 1!th century 0ta+ian desi&ner 7omenico de Cortona 1$!1D .urned, reno4ated in 2 years

Arc de Trio&phe
Bapo+eon, the )rench emperor decided to .ui+d a 4ery .i& arch o; triumph, which stands at the top o; the Champs :+ysees

Po&pido( Centre
1*!2 to 1*!#

Architect: 3ichard 3o&ers and 3en'o Piano Location: Paris, )rance Building Type: modern art museum Construction system: hi&h?tech stee+ and &+ass Style: ,i&h?tech modern a cost o; I100,000,000, with an a4era&e attendance o; appro9imate+y se4en mi++ion peop+e a year massi4e structura+ e9pressionist cast e9os%e+eton, Je9teriorJ esca+ators enc+osed in transparent tu.e

!otre #a&e de Paris

11#3 to 1250 Architect: 1aurice de Su++y Location: Paris, )rance Building Type: church, cathedra+ Construction system: .earin& masonry, cut stone Style: :ar+y <othic one o; the most ce+[Link] <othic cathedra+s in )rance twin towers mar%in& the entrance pro.a.+y the most ;amous ima&e in )rench <othic art

Paris /pera %o(se

1$5! to 1$!" Architect: Char+es <arnier Location: Paris, )rance Building type: theater, opera house Construction system: masonry, cut stone Style: Beo?Baro=ue po+ychrome ;aKade, opu+ent staircase commission .y competition masterpiece o; 1*th century architecture one o; the +ar&est and most opu+ent theaters in the wor+d ;a+se cei+in& painted .y 0arc Cha all

El-see Palace
1!1$ Architect: C+aude 1o++et o;;icia+ residence o; the president o; )rance

%otel de In3alides
Bapo+eons tom. is within the structure ;ounded .y Louis /0@ ;or disa.+ed so+diers +ate 1!th century

La 0adeleine
Architect: Bapo+eon 0 church o; Ste. 1arie 1ade+eine constructed as a church in 1$"2 surrounded .y 52 Corinthian co+umns

Sor+onne
most ;amous .ui+din& at the Cni4ersity o; Paris

Chartres Cathedral
11*" to 12#0 Location: Chartres, )rance Building type: cathedra+ Construction system: .earin& masonry Style: <othic e9emp+ar the e+e4ation was in three tiers as it had no &a++ery and the 4au+tin& was =uadripartite, which e+iminated the need ;or a+ternatin& supports supreme monument o; ,i&h <othic art and architecture

A&ien2s Cathedral
1220 1"5 meters +on& +ar&est )rench <othic Cathedra+ e4er .ui+t intricate ;aKade comp+eted durin& the 15th century

Rhei&s Cathedral
one o; the &reatest monument o; <othic art and architecture

construction commerced .y 2ean [Link] and was comp+eted .y [Link] de Coucy a wor% o; remar%a.+e unity and harmony

Ei''el Tower
1$$! to 1$$* Architect: <usta4e :i;;e+ Location: Paris, )rance Building Type: e9position o.ser4ation tower Construction system: e9posed iron Style: @ictorian Structura+ :9pressionist dominates the s%y +ine o; Paris one o; the most ;amous +andmar%s in the wor+d .ui+t ;or the Paris :9position o; 1$$*

!otre da&e d( %a(t

1*55 Architect: Le [Link] Location: 3onchamp, )rance Building type: church Construction system: rein;orced concrete Style: :9pressionist 1odern so;t?;orm composition, deep windows with co+ored &+ass 5wa++ thic%ness "L to 12L8 Le [Link] dramatic pi+&rim church

4illa Sa3o-e
1*2$ to 1*2* Architect: Le [Link] Location: Poissy, )rance Building type: house Construction system: concrete and p+astered unit masonry Style: modern an ear+y and c+assic e9emp+ar o; the J0nternationa+ Sty+eJ, which ho4ers a.o4e a &rass p+ane on thin concrete pi+otti, with strip windows, and a ;+at roo; with a dec% area, ramp, and a ;ew contained touches o; cur4aceous wa++s

$ER0A! ARC%ITECTURE "(r theater

1$!" to 1$$$

Architect: <ott;ried Semper with ar+ 4on ,asena4er

"erlin /pera %o(se

5STAATS-P:38 Architect: <eor& Aen'es+aus 4on no.e+sdor;

W(rz+(r Residenz
Architect: Ba+tha'ar Beumann one o; the .est structure o; the Baro=ue? 3ococo period

Einstein Tower
1*1* to 1*21 Architect: :rich 1ende+sohn Location: Potsdam, <ermany Building type: +[Link], o.ser4atory Construction system: .earin& masonry, concrete o4er .ric% Style: :9pressionist :ar+y 1odern cur4aceous, stream+ined ;orm desi&ned to ho+d :insteinLs own astronomica+ +[Link] this Lsarcopha&us o; architectura+ :9pressionismL is one o; the most .ri++iant+y ori&ina+ .ui+din&s o; the twentieth century

E!$LIS% ARC%ITECTURE "ritish 0(se(&

1$23 to 1$"! Architect: Sir [Link] Smir%e Location: London, :n&+and Building type: art and historica+ museum, +[Link] Construction system: masonry, cut stone Style: @ictorian 0onic ;aKade, C+assica+ 3e4i4a+ 0nc+udes one o; the wor+dLs &reat +[Link] rooms. <+a'ed roo; o4er restored courtyard .y Borman )oster

Salis+(r- Cathedral
1220 to 125$ Location: Sa+[Link], :n&+and Building type: Cathedra+ 5church, temp+e8

Construction system: .earin& masonry, cut stone Style: :n&+ish <othic Cathedra+ o; Saint 1ary an outstandin& e9amp+e o; the :ar+y :n&+ish architectura+ sty+e ta++est in :n&+and "0";t 5123m8 use o; [Link]% mar.+e to create a stron&+y co+oured scheme

7(een2s %o(se
1#1# to 1#35 Architect: 0ni&o 2ones 6 the &reatest o; :n&+ish C+assica+ architect Location: <reenwich, :n&+and Building type: +ar&e house Construction system: .earin& masonry Style: Pa++adian, Late :n&+ish 3enaissance was .ui+t .y 2ones ;or Anne o; 7enmar%, wi;e o; 2ames 0

So&erset %o(se
1!!# to 1!$# Architect: Ai++iam [Link] Location: London, :n&+and Building type: &o4ernment o;;ices and art schoo+ Construction system: cut stone masonry Style: Beoc+assica+ ,ome o; 3oya+ Academy o; the Arts. Corinthian orders a.o4e arched courtyard apertures, rusticated .ase

Saint Pa(l2s Cathedral

1#!5 to 1!10 Architect: Sir Christopher Aren Location: London, :n&+and Building type: church Construction system: masonry, .ric%, [Link] and cut stone Style: Late renaissance to Baro=ue the dome pea%s at 3## ;eet a.o4e pa4ement a masterpiece o; Baro=ue architecture +ar&est cathedra+ in :n&+and

Chiswic, %o(se
1!2*

Architect: Lord Bur+in&ton Location: Chiswic%, :n&+and Building type: +ar&e house Construction system: .earin& masonry Style: Pa++adian a+so %nown as M"(rlin ton %o(seN

West&inster Palace
1$3# to 1$#$ Architect: Sir Char+es Barry Location: London Building type: seat o; &o4ernment, &o4ernment center Construction system: cut stone .earin& masonry Style: :n&+ish <othic 3e4i4a+ "i "enD the c+oc% tower .est %nown is a &reat sym.o+ o; London ori&ina++y seat o; %in&s as a roya+ residence

$las ow School o' Art

1$*! to 1*0* Architect: Char+es 3ennie 1ac%intosh Location: <+as&ow, :n&+and Building type: co++e&e Construction system: .earin& masonry Style: art and cra;ts, art nou4eau ima&inati4e synthesis o; e+ements o; Art Bou4eau and Scottish Architecture

#(rha& Cathedral
10*3 to 12$0 Location: 7urham, :n&+and Building type: church, cathedra+ Construction system: .earin& masonry, cut stone Style: 3omanes=ue one o; the most impressi4e Borman 3omanes=ue sty+e in :urope had a reciproca+ in;+uence on the architecture o; Bormady the ri. 4au+t co4erin& o; 7urham Cathedra+ is the o+dest e9amp+e that has sur4i4ed

"(c,in ha& Palace

Architect: sir <eor&e <orin& .ui+t durin& the rei&n o; %in& 2ames 0

C%I!A8 TURKEY8 ITALY8 I!#IA A!# SPAI! ARC%ITECTURE Te&ple o' %ea3en
Location: China !00 acre enc+osure .ui+t .y the 1in& 7ynasty emperor Eon&+e 5Eun&?0o8 means MPerpet(al %elpN

%a ia So'ia
532 to 53! Architect: 0sidoros and Anthemios Location: 0stan.u+, Tur%ey Building type: church Construction system: .earin& masonry Style: By'antine a tremendous domed space .ui+t as the new Cathedra+ o; Constantinop+e .y the :mperor 2ustinian a masterpiece o; By'antine architecture additiona+ minarets when the church .ecame a mos=ue

Cathedral o' Siena

Location: Southern 0ta+y incorporated <othic e+ements in a stron&+y 1editerranean desi&n

Pisa Cathedral
103 to 1350 Location: Pisa, 0ta+y Building type: church comp+e9 Construction system: .earin& masonry, cut stone, white mar.+e Style: 3omanes=ue JPisa Cathedra+ with Baptistery, Campani+e and Campo Santo, to&ether ;orm one o; the most ;amous .ui+din& &roups in the wor+d the cathedra+ comp+e9 inc+udes the ;amous Leanin& Tower, La Torre Pendente white mar.+e with co+onnaded ;acades

Florence Cathedral
12*# to 1"#2 Architect: Arno+;o di [Link] Location: )+orence, 0ta+y Building type: domed church, cathedra+ Construction system: .earin& masonry Style: 0ta+ian 3omanes=ue 12*#D Cathedra+ .e&un on desi&n .y Arnol'o di Ca&+io 135!D ProFect continued on a modi;ied p+an .y Francesco Talenti 13##?!D Ta+entiLs de;initi4e desi&n emer&ed ca++in& ;or an enormous octa&ona+ dome 1"1$D competition ;or construction o; dome.

1"20D technica+ so+ution ;or 4au+tin& proposed .y "r(nelleschi appro4ed and construction .e&un The #(o&o 6 dome added .y Brune++eschi 1"3#H church consecrated

Kra, des Che3aliers

1150 to 1250 Location: Syria Building type: ;ort Style: 1edie4a+ crusader cast+e the .est preser4ed and most who++y admira.+e cast+e in the wor+d

Alha&+ra
133$ to 13*0 Location: <ranada, Spain Building type: pa+ace Construction system: .earin& masonry Style: 1oorish 50s+amic8 pa+ace o; Basrid 7ynasty the most .eauti;u+ remainin& e9amp+e Aestern 0s+amic Architecture .ui+t as a cathedra+ in the mid?1200Gs Mha++ o; FusticeND noted ;rom its e+[Link] sta+actite 5&a9arnas8 decoration

o;

Casa "atllo
1*05 to 1*0! Architect: Antonio <audi Location: Barce+ona, Spain Building type: apartment .ui+din& Construction system: concrete Style: :9pressionist or Art Bou4eau uses anima+ sty+es a+ throu&h?out the structure

Casa 0ila
1*05 to 1*10 Architect: Antonio <audi

Location: Barce+ona, Spain Building type: mu+ti;ami+y housin& Construction system: masonry and concrete Style: Art Bou4eau e9pressionistic, ;antastic, or&anic ;orms in undu+atin& ;acade and roo; +ine +i&ht court it cou+d .e compared with the steep c+i;; wa++s in which A;rican [Link] .ui+d their ca4e?+i%e dwe++in&s

Sa rada Fa&ilia
1$$2 to 1*2# Architect: Antonio <audi Location: Barce+ona, Spain Building type: church Construction system: masonry Style: :9pressionist Church o; the ,o+y )ami+y uncomp+eted durin& <audiGs +i;etime crowned .y ;our spires

Ta1 0ahal
1#30 to 1#53 Architect: :mperor Shah 2ahan Location: A&ra, 0ndia Building type: 0s+amic tom. Construction system: .earin& masonry, mar.+e Style: 0s+amic onion?shape domes, ;+an%in& towers, wi;e 1umat' 1aha+ +ocated on the 2umna 3i4er museum ;or 1o&u+ emperorGs consort

in+aid .ui+t ;or

P%ILIPPI!E SKYSCRAPERS
1. P" Co& Tower 2000 Architect: S%idmore, -win&s and 1erri++

5S-18

Location: 1a%ati Number of floors: 55 Height: 2"1 meters

2. Petron 0e a Plaza 51e&a Aor+d P+a'a8 1*** Architect: S%idmore, -win&s and 1erri++ 5S-18 Location: 1a%ati Number of floors: "5 Height: 200 metersD roo; 210 metersD pinnac+e

3. "SA Twin Tower 1*** Architect: un%nown Location: 1anda+uyon& Number of floors: 51 Height: 1*! meters

". $6T6 International Tower 2001 Architect: ohn Pedersen )o9 O Associates and 3ecio Casas Location: 1a%ati Number of floors: "3 Height: 1$1 meters

5. Ro+inson2s E9(ita+le Tower

1**$ Architect: ,Location: Pasi& Number of floors: "5 Height: 1!5 meters

5. ICEC :LK$; Tower 1*** Architect: ohn Pedersen )o9 O Associates and 3ecio Casas Location: 1a%ati Number of floors: 3$ Height: 1!5 meters

#. Paci'ic Plaza Tower < = 2 1*** Architect: A3PC0T:CT-B0CA Location: 1a%ati Number of floors: 52 Height: 1!".20 meters !. Ro)as Trian le < = 2 2000 Architect: S%idmore, -win&s and 1erri++ 5S-18 Location: 1a%ati Number of floors: 51 Height: 1!" meters

T%E SKYSCAPERS
? ta++est to sma++est ? antenna, radio communications, etc. are not inc+uded 1. Petronas Tower 1**! Architect: Cesar Pe++i O Associates Location: ua+a Lumpur, 1a+aysia Number of floors: $$ Height: "52 meters

2. Sears Tower 1*!" Architect: S%idmore, -win&s and 1erri++ 5S-18 Location: Chica&o, CSA Number of floors: 110 Height: ""3 meters sti++ the ta++est .ui+din& i; the antennas are inc+uded has the hi&hest occupied ;+oors

3. 5in 0ao "(ildin 1**$ Architect: S%idmore, -win&s and 1erri++ 5S-18 Location: Shan&hai, China Number of floors: $$ Height: "20.#0 meters desi&n most re;er to the [Link] $, an auspicious [Link] ;or Chinese

". Plaza Ra,-at 2000 Architect: S%idmore, -win&s and 1erri++ 5S-18 Location: ua+a Lumpur, 1a+aysia Number of floors: !* Height: 3$2 meters

5. E&pire State "(ildin 1*31 Architect: Shre4e Lam. O ,armon Associates Location: Bew Eor% City, CSA Number of floors: 102 Height: 3$1 meters

#. Central Plaza 1**2 Architect: 7ennis Lau and B& Chu 1an O Associates Location: ,on& on&, China Number of floors: !$ Height: 3!" meters

!. "an, o' China 1*$* Architect: 0.1. Pei O Partners Location: ,on& on&, China Number of floors: !0 Height: 3#* meters

$. E&irates Tower I 2000 Architect: B-33 <roup Consu+tants 0ntG+. Ltd. Location: [Link], CA: Number of floors: 5# Height: 35$ meters

*. The Center 1**$ Architect: Cn%nown Location: ,on& on&, China Number of floors: !3 Height: 350 meters

10. T = C Tower

5Tunte9 O Chien?tai Bui+din&8 1**! Architect: ,e++muth, -.ata O [Link](Cy Lee Location: aohsiun&, Taiwan Number of floors: $5 Height: 3"! meters

11. A/! Center 5Amoco Bui+din&8 1*!3 Architect: :dward 7. Stone O Associates Location: Chica&o, CSA Number of floors: $3 Height: 3"# meters 12. 5ohn %ancoc, Center 1*#* Architect: S%idmore, -win&s O 1erri++ 5S-18 Location: Chica&o, CSA Number of floors: 100 Height: 3"" meters 13. Sh(n %in S9(are 1**# Architect: .E. Cheun& 7esi&n Associates Location: Shen'hen, China Number of floors: $1 Height: 325 meters 1". Citic Plaza 5S%y Centra+ P+a'a8 1**# Architect: 7ennis Lau snd B& Chu 1an O Associates Location: <uan&'hou, China Number of floors: $0 Height: 322 meters 15. "(r1 Al*Ara+ %otel [Link] Tower8 1**$ Architect: Tom Ari&ht o; AS At%ins O Partners Location: [Link], CA: Number of floors: #0

Height: 321 meters 1#. "ai-o,e Tower 2 1**$ Architect: P+an Architect Co. Location: Ban&%o%, Thai+and Number of floors: *0 Height: 320 meters 1!. Chr-sler "(ildin 1*30 Architect: Ai++iam @an A++en Location: Bew Eor% City, CSA Number of floors: !! Height: 31*."0 meters 1$. "an, o' A&erican Plaza [Link]% P+a'a8 1**2 Architect: 2ohnson ( Bur&ee Architects Location: At+anta, CSA Number of floors: 55 Height: 312 meters

1*. Li+rar- Tower 5)irst 0nternationa+ Aor+d Center8 1**0 Architect: Pei Co.. )reed and Partners Location: Los An&e+es, CSA Number of floors: !3 Height: 310.30 meters 20. 0ala-sia Teleco& %7 1**$ Architect: ,iFFas asturi Associates ( 7aewoo O Partners Location: ua+a Lumpur, 1a+aysia Number of floors: !! Height: 310 meters 21. AT = T Corporate Center 1*$* Architect: Peter :++is, S-1 Location: Chica&o, CSA Number of floors: #1 Height: 30! meters

22. Chase Tower 5Te9as Commerce Ban%8 1*$2 Architect: Pei Co.. )reed and Partners Location: ,ouston, CSA Number of floors: !5 Height: 305."0 meters 23. R-( -on %otel 1**5 Architect: Bai%doosan Architects O :n&ineers Location: Pyon&yoan&, Borth orea Number of floors: 105 Height: 300 meters

C%URC% ARC%ITECTURE
0nstructorD Architect :4a 1aria @i++anue4a

C%URC% ARC%ITECTURE simp+e, patterned a;ter ear+y Christian typesQ either rectan&u+ar or cruci;orm with simp+e na4es and ais+es thic% wa++s rein;orced with hea4y .uttresses ;or earth=ua%es protection immense si'es .ecause o; co+onia+ po+icy which dictated that a church shou+d .e .ui+t ;or e4ery 5000 .apti'ed materia+s used inc+udeD 4o+canic tu;; 5ado.e8, hardened +a4a, 4o+canic eFecta, sandstone, ri4er .ou+ders, c+ay, cora+s, +imestone, oyster she++s, e&&s SI$!IFICA!T E>A0PLES PA/AY C%URC%8 Ilocos !orte .ui+t in 1#*" .y Antonio Esta3illo, comp+eted 1!02?1!10 ;aKadeD rectan&u+ar, with arched doorway, ;our continuous pi+asters a+ternatin& with niches ;inia+s and crene++ations at pediment niche at the ape9 hu&e 4o+utes with +ow re+ie; +ines tracin& the contour to dis&uise the +ar&e .uttresses

4I$A!

C%URC%8 Ilocos S(r ;inished in 1$00 +ocated within the &rid iron p+anned streets o; a co+onia+ town .aro=ue e+ements inc+ude protrudin& co+umns and so+id ;ramesQ three arched doorways +eadin& to three na4es at the ;irst +e4e+, &uarded .y ionic pi++ars with chinese '( do s urn?+i%e ;inia+ at pediment

SA!TA 0ARIA C%URC%8 Ilocos S(r constructed +ate 1$th century, ?@ steps +eadin& to the church was .ui+t .y Au&ustinian "eni no Fernandez massi4e .ric% church perched on a hi++ ;aKade has circ(lar +(ttresses, three openin&s and a .+ind niche, semi?circu+ar pediment TU0AUI!I C%URC%8 Isa+ela .e&un 1!$3?1!$$ .y 7ominican #o&in o Forto and town mayor Pa+lo SasonQ 1$03?1$0$ 6 circu+ar .e++tower was comp+eted

pa&pan o artisans car4ed the hardwood mo+ds ;or the c+ay insets that decorate the church (ltra*+aro9(e D uni=ue ;or its e9tensi4e use o; .a%ed c+ay .oth ;or wa++ ;inishes and ornamentation orna&ental details D serpentine re+ie;s, spira+ cur4es, ;+owers, ;o+ia&e, sun;aces, cheru.s and saints circu+ar .e++tower with white +imestone ;inish, decorated with .ri&ht red c+ay rosettes and ;estoons

A!$AT C%URC%8 "(lacan .e&un 1!5#?1!!3 .y Au&ustinian $re orio $inerQ comp+eted in 1$02 .y )ray 5oa9(in Cal3o +aro9(e st-le D coup+ed Corinthian and 7oric co+umns di4ide ;aKade into +e4e+s or se&ments, statues rin&ed with wreath?+i%e ornaments ;+an% niches, windows with .as?re+ie; McurtainsN p+ain three?storey .e++tower with .a+ustered top "ARAS/AI! C%URC%8 "(lacan 1$!1?1$!$ D stone church was constructed to rep+ace wooden structureQ 1$$0 6 earth=ua%e ruined the church 1$$5 D Au&ustinian 5(an $iron commissioned a .ui+der named 0a pa-o to [Link]+d the church 4ariation on the circle &oti' ;+utin&s on pi+asters with ends .+unted into semicirc+es detract ;rom the BeoC+assica+ .e++tower has a [Link] .ase, three +ayes accented .y .+ind and open windows, top has crene++ations and si9?sided cone

SA! SE"ASTIA! C%URC%8 0anila a church .ui+t ;or a++ times a;ter pre4ious churches were dama&ed .y earth=ua%es in 1$#3 and 1$$0 desi&ned in the $othic st-le 5without ;+yin& .uttresses8 .y $enaro Palacios in 3e4i4a+ist architecture made entire+y o; stee+Q p+ans were sent to Be+&ium where the parts were made in sections then transported to 1ani+a interiors were painted to resem.+e ;au9 mar.+eQ adorned with scu+pture .y E(se+io $arcia and paintin& .y Lorenzo Rocha

SA!

AU$USTI! C%URC%8 0anila oldest ch(rch in the PhilippinesQ .ui+t 15$!?1#0! .y 5(an 0acias accordin& to the p+ans appro4ed .y the 3oya+ Audencia de 1e9ico and .y a 3oya+ Cedu+a

1$5" D 7on L(ciano /li3er 51unicipa+ Architect o; 1ani+a8 directed the reno4ation o; the ;aKade .y addin& to the hei&ht o; the towersQ these towers were dama&ed in the 1$#3 earth=ua%e and were ne4er [Link]+t p+a'a adorned with )u do&s represents co+onia+ [Link] p+annin& ,i&h 3enaissance D superpositioned Tuscan orders at ;irst +e4e+, Corinthian capita+s at second +e4e+Q circu+ar windows at p+ain pedimentQ hea4i+y car4ed, two?pane+ed main door with ima&es o; St. Au&ustine and St. 1onica amidst Phi+ippine ;+ora na4e is ;+an%ed .y 12 co++atera+ chape+s each housin& a Baro=ue or BeoC+assic reta.+o Baro=ue e+ements inc+ude trompe +Goei+ D scu+pture .y 0ta+ian artists Cesare #i+ella and $io3anni Al+eroni on the cei+in& and pi+asters c+oisters .ui+t around an atrium with a &arden p+anted .y Au&ustinian .otaninst 0an(el "lanco

TAAL C%URC%8 "atan as 1$5$ D )ray 0arcos Anton, with the he+p o; the architect 7on L(ciano /li3er, started constructionQ the church was comp+eted in 1$!$

.ui+t on top o; a hi++ and may .e reached throu&h ;+a&stone steps, [Link] .y other .ui+din&s ;aKade D arched windows a+ternate with 0onic co+umns at ;irst +e4e+, Corinthian at upper +e4e+Q proFected cornices and mou+din&sQ three pediments interior is ca4ernous .ur dra. with stout piers and semi? circu+ar apse D mathematica+ e9actness rather than ornamentation

#ARA$A C%URC%8 Al+a esta.+ished .y peop+e who ;+ed the eruption o; 1t. 1ayon ;orm Ca sawa the )ranciscan wanted a church with the .est ;eatures o; 3omanes=ue and <othic, .ut it was e9ecuted .y the car4ers in Baro=ue ;aKade D a who+e ta.+et without co+umns and cornices, on+y symmetrica++y positioned ;enestrations, apertures and nichesQ whor+s, twisted co+umns, ;o+ia&e, meda++ions, statues and re+ie;s 0IA$A/ C%URC%8 Iloilo present church was .ui+t 1!$#?1!*! under the super4ision o; ;ray Francisco $onzales 0a)i&oQ a storey was added to the +e;t .e+;ry in 1$30 a+so ser4ed as ;ortress a&ainst 1us+im pirates, simp+e and massi4e structure mi9ed with ornate detai+s +oca+ .otanica+ moti;s at ;aKade re+ie;s reminiscent o; coo%ie cutouts 5de &aFeta8, used to descri.e 1#th century 1e9ican architectura+ re+ie;s

SA!T/ !I!/ #E CE"U "ASILICA8 Ce+( .ui+t .y )ray 5(an de Al+arran [Link] "00 years a&o, on the site where a so+dier ;ound an ima&e o; the Sto. Bino in a sett+ement that the Spanish so+diers ha4e .urned down

the Con4ent was ;ounded in 15#5, ma%in& it the ;irst to .e .ui+t in the country constructed with stones ;rom Panay and Capi' ;aKade D .+endin& o; 1oorish, 3omanes=ue and BeoC+assica+ e+ementsQ tre;oi+s on the doorwaysQ two +e4e+s di4ided into three se&ments and topped .y pedimentQ reta.+o at the center .e++tower has ;our?sided .a+ustraded dome interior D pierced screen with ;+ora+ moti;s, pineapp+e decors at the choir+o;t, corn co.s at the capita+