6.

COORDINATE GEOMETRY
Unit 6.1 : To Find the distance between two oints [BACK TO BASICS]
A(
1 1
, y x ) and B(
2 2
, y x ) : AB =
2 2
2 1 2 1
( ) ( ) x x y y + .
Eg. 1 Given two points A(2,3) and B(4,7)
Distance of AB =
2 2
(4 2) (7 3) +
= 4 1 +
=
2!
"nit.
E1. #(4,$) and %(3,2)
#% =
& 1! '
E2. (($,!) and )($,2)
&2'
E3. *(7,1) and +(2,$)
& 41 '
E4. ,(1!,) and -(4,2)
& $2 '
E$. .(/4,/1) and 0(/2,1)
& 11 '
2o3e c4a55enging %"estions6.
E1. *4e distance 7etween two points A(1, 3) and
B(4, 8) is $. 9ind t4e possi75e va5es of 8.
7, /1
E2. *4e distance 7etween two points #(/1, 3) and
%(8, :) is 1!. 9ind t4e possi75e va5"es of 8.
7, /:
E3. *4e distance 7etween two points ((/2, $) and
)(1, 8) is
1!
. 9ind t4e possi75e va5es of 8.
, 4
E4. *4e distance 7etween two points ;(/1, p) and
<(p, :) is
$!
. 9ind p.
p = !,
E$. *4e distance 7etween two points +(4, /$) and
,(2, t) is
2!
. 9ind t4e possi75e va5es of t.
t =/:, /1
E. =f t4e distance 7etween >(!, !) and #(8, 28) is t4e
sa?e as t4e distance 7etween t4e points A(/4, 3) and
B(1, /7), find t4e possi75e va5"es of 8.
k = 5, -5
6. Coordinate Geometry
1
Unit 6.2 : Division of a Line Segment
6.!.1 To "ind the #id$oint o" Two Gi%en &oints.
9o3?"5a : 2idpoint 2 =
,
_

+ +
2
,
2
2 1 2 1
y y x x
Eg. #(3, 2) and %($, 7)
2idpoint, 2 =
,
_

+ +
2
7 2
,
2
$ 3
= (4 ,
2
:
)
E1 #(/4, ) and %(1, !)
(2, 3)
E2 #(, 3) and %(2, /1)
(4, 1)
E3 #(!,/1), and %(/1, /$)
(/ @ , /3)
6.!.! Di%ision o" a 'ine (e)#ent
% divides t4e 5ine seg?ent #( in t4e 3atio PQ : QR = ? : n. #(x, y), ((x, y)

% (x,y) =
,
_

+
+
+
+
n m
my ny
n m
mx nx
2 1 2 1
,
(NOT : St!"ents a#e st#ong$% a"vise" to s&et'( a $ine segment )efo#e a**$%ing t(e fo#m!$a+
Eg1. *4e point # inte3na55A divides t4e 5ine seg?ent
Boining t4e point 2(3,7) and C(,2) in t4e 3atio 2 : 1.
9ind t4e coo3dinates of point #.
# =
,
_

+
+
+
+
1 2
) 2 ( 2 ) 7 ( 1
,
1 2
) ( 2 ) 3 ( 1
=
,
_

3
11
,
3
1$
=
11
$,
3
_

,
E1. *4e point # inte3na55A divides t4e 5ine seg?ent
Boining t4e point 2 (4,$) and C(/1,/$) in t4e 3atio
1 : 3. 9ind t4e coo3dinates of point #.
$
1,
2
_

,

More Exercise : !e Ratio !eorem
6. Coordinate Geometry
2
n ?
#(D
1
, A
1
) ((D
2
, A
2
) ,(-. %+
E
n
?
((D
2
, A
2
)
#(D
1
, A
1
)
,(-. %+
E
1
2
C(, 2)
2(3, 7)
/(-. %+
(NOT : St!"ents a#e st#ong$% a"vise" to s&et'( a $ine segment )efo#e a**$%ing t(e fo#m!$a+
E1. ( divides #% in t4e 3atio 2 : 1. 9ind t4e
coo3dinates of ( if
(a) #(1, 2) and %( /$, 11)
(7) #(/4, 7) and %(1, /$)
(a) (/3, 1) (7) (4 , /1)
E2. # divides AB in t4e 3atio 3 : 2. 9ind t4e
coo3dinates of # if
(c) A(2, /3) and B( /1, 7)
(d) A(/7, $) and B(1, /$)
(a) (/4, /3) (7) (2 , /1)
E3. 2 is a point t4at 5ies on t4e st3aig4t 5ine () s"c4
t4at 3(2 = 2). =f t4e coo3dinates of t4e points (
and ) a3e (4,$) and (/1,/$) 3espective5A, find t4e
coo3dinates of point 2.
3(2 = 2)
M"
RM
=
3
1
, (2 : 2) = 1 : 3
Ans :
,
_

2
$
, 1
E4. # is a point t4at 5ies on t4e st3aig4t 5ine *+ s"c4
t4at 3*# = 2#+. =f t4e coo3dinates of t4e points * and
+ a3e (/:,7) and (1,/3) 3espective5A, find t4e
coo3dinates of point #.
(/$, 3)
E$. *4e points #(3, p), B(/1, 2) and F(:,7) 5ie on a
st3aig4t 5ine. =f # divides BF inte3na55A in t4e 3atio
? : n , find (a) ? : n , (7) t4e va5"e of p.
(a) 2 : 3 (7) p = 4
E. ((x, y) , divides t4e points #(28, G 8) and
%(#x, $y) in t4e 3atio 3 : $. EDp3ess x in te3?s of
y.
(Ans : D = 4A)
Unit 6.* To Find A+eas o" &o,-)ons
6. Coordinate Geometry
3
A3ea of a po5Agon =
2
1

1 2 3 1
1 2 3 1
...
...
x x x x
y y y y

Note : T(e a#ea fo!n" 0i$$ )e *ositive if t(e 'oo#"inates of t(e *oints a#e 0#itten in t(e anti1'$o'&0ise
o#"e#. an" negative if t(e% a#e 0#itten in t(e '$o'&10ise o#"e#.
EDa?p5e 1 : Fa5c"5ate t4e a3ea of a t3iang5e given :
E1. #(!, 1), %(1, 3) and ((2,$)
A3ea of H #%( =
2
1
! 1 2 !
1 3 $ 1

=
= 12 "nit
2
1. #(2,3), %($,) and ((/4,4)
A3ea of H #%( =
17
2
"nit
2
2. *4e coo3dinates of t4e t3iang5e ABF a3e ($, 1!), (2,1)
and (1, 8) 3espective5A. 9ind t4e possi75e va5"es of 8,
given t4at t4e a3ea of t3iang5e ABF is 24 "nits
2
.
8 = 3 , 3$
3. *4e coo3dinates of t4e t3iang5e ()* a3e (4, 3), (/1, 1) and
(t, /3) 3espective5A. 9ind t4e possi75e va5"es of t , given t4at
t4e a3ea of t3iang5e ()* is 11 "nits
2
.
t = ! , /22
ii) A3ea of a I"ad3i5ate3a5 =
2
1

1
1
]
1

1 4 3 2 1
1 4 3 2 1
y y y y y
x x x x x

1. #(1,$), %(4,7), ((,) and )(3,1).
A3ea of #%() =
= 1 "nit
2
2. #(2, /1), %(3,3), ((/1, $) and )(/4, /1).
&27'
Note : If t(e a#ea is 2e#o. t(en t(e *oints a#e 'o$$inea#.
1. Given t4at t4e points #($, 7), %(4, 3) and ((/$, 8) a3e
co55inea3, find t4e va5"e of 8.
2. )4ow t4at t4e points ;(4, 1), <(2, 2) and 2(1, /1) a3e
co55inea3.
6. Coordinate Geometry
4
8= 33
Unit 6.. : E/0ations o" (t+ai)ht 'ines
*4e EI"ation of a )t3aig4t 5ine ?aA 7e eDp3essed in t4e fo55owing fo3?s:
i) *4e gene3a5 fo3? : aD J 7A J c = !
ii) *4e g3adient fo3? : y = mx % c & m = 'radient , c = y-interce(t
iii) *4e inte3cept fo3? :
a
x
J
)
y
= 1 , a = x-interce(t , ) = y-interce(t

a+ If given t(e g#a"ient an" one *oint:
1
y y = ) (
1
x x m
Eg. 9ind t4e eI"ation of a st3aig4t 5ine t4at passes
t43o"g4 t4e point (2,/3) and 4as a g3adient of
4
1
.
1
y y = ) (
1
x x m
) 2 (
4
1
) 3 ( x y
14 4 x y
E1. 9ind t4e eI"ation of a st3aig4t 5ine t4at passes
t43o"g4 t4e point ($,2) and 4as a g3adient of /2.
A = /2D J 12
E2. 9ind t4e eI"ation of a st3aig4t 5ine t4at passes
t43o"g4 t4e point (/1,3) and 4as a g3adient of
4
3
.
4A = 3D J 3
b1 I" two oints a+e )i%en :
Cote : 0o" ?aA find t4e g3adient fi3st, t4en "se
eit4e3 (a) y = mx % c
>3 (7) y * y
+
= m( x * x
+
)
>3
(c)
1
1
x x
y y

=
1 2
1 2
x x
y y

Eg. 9ind t4e eI"ation of a st3aig4t 5ine t4at passes

t43o"g4 t4e points (/3, /4) and (/$,)
) 3 (
) 4 (


x
y
=
) 3 ( $
) 4 (



1: $ x y
E1. 9ind t4e eI"ation of a st3aig4t 5ine t4at passes
t43o"g4 t4e points (2, /1) and (3,!)
E2. 9ind t4e eI"ation of a st3aig4t 5ine t4at passes
t43o"g4 t4e points (/4,3) and (2,/$)
6. Coordinate Geometry
$
E
G3adient = m
/(-3. %3+
A = D / 3
4D J 3A J7 = !
c+ T(e -1inte#'e*t an" t(e %1inte#'e*t a#e given:
m = /

,
_

errce(t x
erce(t y
int
int
EI"ation of )t3aig4t <ine is :

a
x
J
)
y
= 1
Note : S&et'( a "iag#am to (e$* %o! 4
E1. *4e D/inte3cept and t4e A/inte3cept of t4e st3aig4t 5ine #%
a3e 4 and /1 3espective5A. 9ind t4e g3adient and t4e eI"ation of
#%.
?
PQ
= G

,
_

errce(t x
erce(t y
int
int
= G
,
_

4
1
= 2
EI"ation :
4
x
J
1
y
= 1


1 2 x y
E2. *4e D/inte3cept and t4e A/inte3cept of t4e
st3aig4t 5ine #% a3e / and 3 3espective5A. 9ind t4e
g3adient and t4e eI"ation of #%.
2A = DJ
E3. *4e D/inte3cept of a st3aig4t 5ine AB is /$ and its g3adient
is /3. 9ind t4e A/inte3cept of t4e st3aig4t 5ine AB and t4e
eI"ation of AB.
3D J $A J1$ = !
Extra ,itamins -or .//
1. 9ind t4e g3adient and t4e eI"ation of AB.
D G 3A =
2. *4e D/inte3cept of a st3aig4t 5ine () is G 2 and its g3adient
is 3. 9ind t4e A/inte3cept of t4e st3aig4t 5ine () and t4e
eI"ation of ().
y = 0x % 6
3. 9ind t4e eI"ation of ;< in t4e inte3cept fo3?.
1
3
x y
+
4. 9ind t4e eI"ation of t4e 5ine w4ic4 connects t4e o3igin
and t4e point ) (/2, ).
y = * 0x
$. 9o3 %3 a7ove, w3ite down t4e eI"ation of ;< in . -3ite down t4e eI"ation of t4e st3aig4t 5ine w4ic4 passes
6. Coordinate Geometry

x
y
1
-2
$
At t(e -1a-is. % 5 6
At t(e %1a-is. - 5 6
x
y
1
-#
6
B
A
x
y
1
0
6
<
;
t4e gene3a5 fo3?.
x % #y * 6 = 3
t43o"g4 t4e points #(3, 2) and % (3, 1).
4x = 05
Unit 6.7 /a#a$$e$ Lines an" /e#*en"i'!$a# $ines
6.2.1 &a+a,,e, ,ines3
1
m 4
2
m
6.2.! &e+endic0,a+ ,ines3
2 1
m m 4 $1
Unit 6.7.3 Dete#mine 0(et(e# ea'( of t(e fo$$o0ing *ai#s of $ines a#e *a#a$$e$.
Eg. A = 3D G 2 and 3D G A = 4
A = 3 D G 2 , ?
1
= 3
3D G A = 4
A = 3D G 4 , ?
2
= 3
)ince ?
1
= ?
2
, t4e two 5ine a3e pa3a55e5 .
1. A = 2D J$ and 4D J 2A = $
C
2. 3D G 3A = 7 and D J A = G $
C
3. 2D G 3A = $ and A = 4D J :
0
4. D G 3A = 12 and A = 3 J 2D
0
$. 4
3 2
x y
and 1A = D / 3
C
Unit 6.7.2 Dete#mine 0(et(e# ea'( of t(e fo$$o0ing *ai#s of $ines a#e *e#*en"i'!$a#.
Eg. A = 3D G 2 and D J 3A = 4
A = 3 D G 2 , ?1 = 3
D J 3A = 4
3A = G D J 4

1 4
3 3
y x + , ?2 =
1
3

)ince ?1 . ?2 =
1
3 1
3
,
*4e two given 5ines a3e pe3pendic"5a3 .
1. A = 2D J$ and 4D J 2A = :
C
2. 3A = 2D G 2 and 2D J 3A = 1

C
3. D G 3A = 2 and D J 2A = $
0
4. A = 2 / 3D and 4
3
x y


$. 1
3 4
x y
and 1A J D G 3 = !
6. Coordinate Geometry
7
0
0
6.7.2 A**$i'ations (m
3
.m
2
5 8 3+
E5.1 6(&M !77.1. Diag3a? 1 s4ows a st3aig4t
5ine #% wit4 t4e eI"ation 1
2 4
x y
+ . 9ind t4e
eI"ation of t4e st3aig4t 5ine pe3pendic"5a3 to #%
and passing t43o"g4 t4e point %.
Answe3:
y = 6 x % $
ED.2. Diag3a? 2 s4ows a st3aig4t 5ine #% wit4 t4e
eI"ation 1
2
x y
+ . 9ind t4e eI"ation of t4e
st3aig4t 5ine pe3pendic"5a3 to #% and passing
t43o"g4 t4e point #.
Answe3:
y = 0x * +2
ED.3 Diag3a? 3 s4ows a st3aig4t 5ine () wit4 t4e
eI"ation D J 2A = . 9ind t4e eI"ation of t4e
st3aig4t 5ine pe3pendic"5a3 to () and passing
t43o"g4 t4e point ).
Answe3:
ED.4. Diag3a? 4 s4ows a st3aig4t 5ine AB wit4 t4e
eI"ation 2D G 3A = . 9ind t4e eI"ation of t4e
st3aig4t 5ine pe3pendic"5a3 to AB and passing
t43o"g4 t4e point B.
Answe3:
6. Coordinate Geometry
1
x
y
1
Q
P
Diag3a? 1
x
y
1
Q
P
Diag3a? 2
x
y
1
R
"
Diag3a? 3
x
y
1
7
8
Diag3a? 4
y = #x * +# #y = 0x * 9
6.7.2 A**$i'ations (m
3
.m
2
5 8 3+ 8 mo#e e-e#'ises
ED.$ Diag3a? $ s4ows a st3aig4t 5ine #% wit4 t4e
eI"ation 4D J 3A = 12. 9ind t4e eI"ation of t4e
st3aig4t 5ine pe3pendic"5a3 to () and passing
t43o"g4 t4e ?idpoint of ().
Answe3:
$x%0y = 2
ED.. Diag3a? s4ows a st3aig4t 5ine AB wit4 t4e
eI"ation 1
4
x y
. 9ind t4e eI"ation of t4e
pe3pendic"5a3 7isecto3 of t4e 5ine AB.
Answe3:
#x % 0y = 6
ED.7. 9ind t4e eI"ation of t4e st3aig4t 5ine t4at
passes t43o"g4 t4e point ( 1, 2) and is pe3pendic"5a3
to t4e st3aig4t 5ine D J 3A J = !.
y = 0x * +
ED.1 9ind t4e eI"ation of t4e st3aig4t 5ine t4at
passes t43o"g4 t4e point (3, !) and is pe3pendic"5a3
to t4e st3aig4t 5ine 3D G 2A = 12.
#x%0y = 6
ED.: 9ind t4e eI"ation of t4e st3aig4t 5ine t4at
passes t43o"g4 t4e o3igin > and is pe3pendic"5a3 to
t4e st3aig4t 5ine t4at passes t43o"g4 t4e points
#(1, G 1 ) and %(/3,7).
ED. 1! 9ind t4e eI"ation of t4e st3aig4t 5ine t4at
passes t43o"g4 t4e point (/2,4) and is pe3pendic"5a3
to t4e st3aig4t 5ine w4ic4 passes t43o"g4 t4e o3igin
> and t4e point (, 2).
6. Coordinate Geometry
:
x
y
1
R
"
Diag3a? $
x
y
1
7
8
Diag3a?
y = 6 x

y = -0x
Unit 6.6 9!ation of a Lo'!s
Note : St!"ents :UST )e a)$e to fin" "istan'e )et0een t0o *oints [ !sing /%t(ago#as T(eo#em]
*A); : *o 9ind t4e eI"ation of t4e 5oc"s of t4e ?oving point # s"c4 t4at its distances of # f3o? t4e points
% and ( a3e eI"a5.
Eg 1. %(, /$) and ((1,:)
<et # = (D,A), t4en #% = #(

2 2
) $ ( ( ) ( + y x =
2 2
) : ( ) 1 ( + y x
)I"a3e 7ot4 sides to e5i?inate t4e sI"a3e 3oots.

( )
2
2
$ ( ) + + y x
=
( )
2
2
: ( ) 1 + y x
11 11 1 2 2$ 1! 3 12
2 2 2 2
+ + + + + + + y y x x y y x x

! 21 21 1! + y x
E1. %(2,$) and ((4,2)
$x * 6y%9 =3
E2. %(/3, !) and ((, 4)
+2x % 2y = $0
E3. %(2, /3) and ((/4, $)
0x * $y % 0 = 3
E4. %(, /2) and ((!, 2)
0x * #y * 9 = 3
:o#e '(a$$enges;;.
E$. Given two points A(3, 2) and B(7, /4). 9ind t4e
eI"ation of t4e pe3pendic"5a3 7isecto3 of AB.
E. Given two points #(4, 1!) and %B(/, !). 9ind
t4e eI"ation of t4e t4e pe3pendic"5a3 7isecto3 of
#%.
6. Coordinate Geometry
1!
%(, /$)
E
((1, :)
E
:oc;s o- P
E#(D, A)
0y =#x - +0 x % y = $
TA(8 : To "ind the e/0ation o" the ,oc0s o" the #o%in) oint & s0ch that its distances "+o#
the oints A and 9 a+e in the +atio # : n
(Note : S&et'( a "iag#am to (e$* %o! !sing t(e "istan'e fo#m!$a 'o##e't$%+
Eg 1. A(/2,3), B(4,1) and ? : n = 1: 2
<et # = (D, A)

:P
PM
=
2
1
2:< = <M

2 2
) 3 ( )) 2 ( ( 2 + y x =
2 2
) 1 ( ) 4 ( + y x

( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
) 3 ( ) 2 ( 2 + + y x
=
( )
2
2
1 ( ) 4 + y x
4(
( ) ) 3 ( ) 2
2
2
+ + y x
= ( )
2 2
) 1 ( 4 + y x
4 1 1 1 3 24 4 1 1 4
2 2 2 2
+ + + + + + + y y x x y y x x
! 21 1 24 3 3
2 2
+ + y x y x is t4e eI"ation of 5oc"s of #.
E1. A(1, $), B(4, 2) and ? : n = 2 : 1
x
#
%y
#
* +3x * #y % +9 = 3
E2. A(/3, 2), B(3, 2) and ? : n = 2 : 1
x
#
%y
#
* +3x * 6y % +0 = 3
E3. A(1, 3), B(/2, ) and ? : n = 1 : 2
x
#
% y
#
* 0x * 0y = 3
E4. A($, /2), B(/4, 1) and ? : n = 1 : 2
x
#
% y
#
* +6x % 6y % 00 = 3
E$. #(/1, 3), %( 4, /2) and ? : n = 2 : 3 E. A(1, $), B(/4, /$) and ? : n = 3 : 2
6. Coordinate Geometry
11
E
2
1
B(4, 1)
A(/2, 3)
/(-. %+
x
#
%y
#
% +3x * +$y % # = 3 x
#
%y
#
% +6x %#6y % 50 = 3
S/: <O=:AT ,USTIONS
1. (2!!3) *4e eI"ations of two st3aig4t 5ines
a3e 1
$ 3
y x
+ and $A = 3D J 24.
Dete3?ine w4et4e3 t4e 5ines a3e
pe3pendic"5a3 to eac4 ot4e3.
4=5
2. *4e eI"ations of two st3aig4t 5ines a3e
4
3 2
x y
and 3A = 2D J . Dete3?ine
w4et4e3 t4e 5ines a3e pe3pendic"5a3 to eac4 ot4e3.
4>5
3.(2!!4) Diag3a? 4 s4ows a st3aig4t 5ine #% wit4
t4e eI"ation 1
2 3
x y
+ . 9ind t4e eI"ation of t4e
st3aig4t 5ine pe3pendic"5a3 to #% and passing
t43o"g4 t4e point %.
4
2
3
3
y x + 5
4. Diag3a? $ s4ows a st3aig4t 5ine () wit4 t4e
eI"ation 1
4
x y
+ . 9ind t4e eI"ation of t4e
st3aig4t 5ine pe3pendic"5a3 to () and passing
t43o"g4 t4e point ).
4#y = 0x - +25
$. (2!!$) *4e fo55owing info3?ation 3efe3s to t4e
eI"ations of two st3aig4t 5ines, K; and (*, w4ic4
a3e pe3pendic"5a3 to eac4 ot4e3.
EDp3ess p in te3?s of 8.
. *4e fo55owing info3?ation 3efe3s to t4e eI"ations
of two st3aig4t 5ines, #% and (), w4ic4 a3e
pe3pendic"5a3 to eac4 ot4e3.
EDp3ess p in te3?s of 8.
6. Coordinate Geometry
12
x
y
O
,
/
Diag3a? 4
x
y
O
=
S
Diag3a? $
?< : y = (x % k
R : y = (k * #)x % (
@!ere ( and k are constants.
PQ : (x % y = k
R" : y = (#k *+)x % (
@!ere ( and k are constants.
1
2
(
k

1
2 1
(
k

7. (2!!) Diag3a? $ s4ows t4e st3aig4t 5ine AB

w4ic4 is pe3pendic"5a3 to t4e st3aig4t 5ine FB at t4e
point B.
*4e eI"ation of FB is A = 2D G 1 .
9ind t4e coo3dinates of B.
(#, 0)
1.Diag3a? s4ows t4e st3aig4t 5ine #% w4ic4 is
pe3pendic"5a3 to t4e st3aig4t 5ine (% at t4e point %.
*4e eI"ation of %( is D G A = 4 .
9ind t4e coo3dinates of %
%($, 1)
:.(2!!4) *4e point A is (/1, 2) and B is (4, ). *4e
point # ?oves s"c4 t4at #A : #B = 2 : 3. 9ind t4e
eI"ation of 5oc"s of #. &3 ?a38s'
45x
#
%5y
#
%53x%+#y%+60=35
1!. *4e point ( is (3, /$) and ) is (!, 1). *4e point
# ?oves s"c4 t4at #( : #) = 2 : 1. 9ind t4e
eI"ation of 5oc"s of #. &3 ?a38s'
4x
#
%y
#
%#x * 6 y * +3 = 35
11.*4e point A is (1, /2) and B is (4, ). 9ind t4e
eI"ation of t4e pe3pendic"5a3 7isecto3 of AB.
&3 ?a38s'
12. *4e point ( is (2, /3) and ) is (4, $). *4e point
# ?oves s"c4 t4at it is a5waAs t4e sa?e distance
f3o? ( and f3o? ). 9ind t4e eI"ation of 5oc"s of
#. &3 ?a38s'
6. Coordinate Geometry
13
x
y
O
A(6. >+
C
Diag3a? $
B
?
?
?
x
y
O
/(6. 6+
=
Diag3a?
,
?
?
?
#y = x * #

x%$y = A
6. Coordinate Geometry
14