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SOLUTION Section
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Purpose of the SOLUTION Section
SIS Training
The SOLUTION is used to define the initial state of every cell in the model
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Initial pressure and phase saturation Initial solution ratios Depth dependence of reservoir fluid properties Oil and gas re-solution rates Initial analytical aquifer conditions
ECLIPSE Initialization Options
SIS Training
Equilibration - initial pressures and saturations are computed by ECLIPSE using data entered with the EQUIL keyword
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Restart - initial solution may be read from a Restart file created by an earlier run of ECLIPSE Enumeration- initial solution is specified by the user explicitly for every grid block
EQUIL
SIS Training
Sets the contacts and pressures for conventional hydrostatic equilibrium EQUIL items are interpreted differently depending on the phases present May have more than one equilibration region (see EQLDIMS)
EQUIL -D P OWC 7150 Pcow 0 GOC 1* Pcog 1* RSVD/PBVD 1* RVVD/PDVD 1* N 0 / 7000 4000
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EQUIL
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Block Center Equilibration, Part 1
Pressure
2 SIS Training
EQUIL --D 3500 P 4000 OWC 7150 Pcow 0 GOC 3500 Pcog 0 /
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GOC
TZ Datum
TZ
1. Given: Contacts, Datum and Pressure 2. Using BO EOS, calculate phase pressures throughout the model, for example:
h2 Po (h 2) = Po (h1) + o gdh h1
OWC = FWL (Pcow = 0)
Depth
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Block Centered Equilibrium, Part 2
Pressure
1 SIS Training
G-O Rel Perm
Sg = 0.77 Sw = 0.23
GOC
GAS ZONE: Sg = SGU Sw = SWL So = 1 SWL - SGU
Krog
Krg
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TZ Datum
SGL
SGU
So = 0.77 Sw = 0.23
OIL ZONE: Sg = SGL, usually zero Sw = SWL So = 1 SWL SGL
O-W Rel Perm
Kro
TZ
Krw OWC = FWL (Pcow = 0) SWL
SWU
Sw = 1.00
Depth
WATER ZONE: Sg = SGL, usually zero Sw = SWU So = 1 SWU SGL
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Block Centered Equilibrium, Part 3
Pressure
2 SIS Training
Sg = 0.77 Sw = 0.23
GOC
1. Calculate Pcog and Pcow in the transition zones of the model
TZ Datum
Pcow = Po Pw Pcog = Pg Po
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So = 0.77 Sw = 0.23
2. Reverse-lookup Sw from Pc tables in PROPS section & assign to cell centers
TZ Pcow
OWC = FWL (Pcow = 0)
Swi = 0.25
Sw = 1.00
Sw
Depth
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So = 0.75
EQUIL Item 9
Not Steady-State (use EQLOPTS QUIESC) Better FIP estimate
i=1 i=2 i=3
1 SIS Training
TZ OWC OWC Effective OWC Tilted or level block integration OWC i = 2N-1 i = 2N TZ
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Level Block Equilibrium Block Center Equilibrium N = 0: fluid saturations at the center of each cell Steady State Potential errors in FIP errors
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N < 0: average of the conditions at (2 *-N) horizontal levels within each grid cell Tilted Block Equilibrium N > 0: average of the conditions at N levels within each cell half, weighted according to the cells horizontal cross-section at each level
Mobile Fluid Correction
SIS Training
Oil saturation from fine scale equilibration: So = (A+B)/V Immobile oil saturation (from saturation tables) SOWCR = (B+C)/V Resulting mobile oil saturation Somob = (A-C)/V OWC Correct mobile oil saturation is Somob = A/V Mobile fluid correction activated by
EQLOPTS MOBILE /
Depth
SWL
SOWCR
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Transition Zone
Water Zone
Water Saturation
Mobile Water in the Transition Zone
SIS Training
Often need to immobilize water below certain threshold saturation 1) Add TZONE to PROPS section 2) Enter threshold saturation (Swcr*) with SWCR 3) Swcr* may be varied in history match as required
TZONE F T TZONE ENPTVD F T 3000 1* EQUALS 3250 1* SWCR 3251 1* / 3500 1* F / F / 6* 0.50 0.50 6* 0.706* / 0.70 0.70 6* /
Depth
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Immobile Water Immobile Water Mobile Water Mobile Water Swcr*=0.70 Water Saturation
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Matching Initial Water Saturation
SIS Training
Often given initial water saturation distribution BUT need EQUIL for pressure, other phase saturations, etc 1) Input saturation tables as usual, with non-zero Pcow 2) Enter initial water saturation array using SWATINIT in PROPS section 3) Enter EQUIL keyword as usual ECLIPSE scales Pcow to match initial water saturation given in SWATINIT Check scaled Pcow is physically reasonable (INIT file) PPCWMAX will limit maximum capillary pressure scaling
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Initial Solution Ratios
SIS Training
Used for fluid density calculation Required as part of the equation of state for the oil and gas phases
Dissolved gas concentration, Rs or RSVD Vaporized oil concentration, Rv or RVVD Bubble point and / or dew point depth variation, PBVD and/or PDVD
This information may be supplied in your PROPS keywords
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Restart Runs
SIS Training
The solution at the end of the initialization is set as start conditions for the history match Why bother to recalculate initial saturations & pressures? Restarts save simulation time!
Field Production Rate
(Initialization Run)
Cell Saturations & Pressures recorded
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History Period (Restart Run)
Time
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Enumeration
SIS Training
Initial conditions may be set explicitly This may be appropriate in reservoirs with initially tilted contacts or non-equilibrium situations ECLIPSE will check supplied information against phases in the Runspec section
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Output Controls
SIS Training
RPTSOL SOIL EQUIL RESTART=2 /
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Tabular and printed data to the PRT file
Lots of other properties can be written
Initial conditions to the restart file
Can write out interblock flows & FIP Can be viewed in 3D ( Petrel, FloViz, FloGrid)
RPTSOL
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SIS Training
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EX 5: Sector
Model Initialization
This slide does not appear in the manual
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