Vibration/ShockControl
Vibration Standards and Monograms
VibrationStandardsandMonograms
AtomicVibrations:1012 Hz;Disp =108 to106
mm.
Microseismsorminortremorsofearthcrust:
0 1 to 1 Hz Hz; Disp =10
0.1to1HzHz;Disp
= 1055 to10
to 1033 mm.
mm
MachineryandBuildingVibrations:10to100
Hz;Disp =0.01to1mm.
Swayingtotallbuilding0.1to5Hz,Disp
Swaying to tall building 0 1 to 5 Hz Disp =10
= 10
to1000mm
Mil STD 810
MilSTD810
DefinetheTestingMethodologyfor,and
q
p
gg
resultsrequiredforacceptanceofrugged
equipment.
Isaseriesofperformanceandmanufacturing
Is a series of performance and manufacturing
guidelinessetbytheUSDODformilitaryand
commercialequipmentandapplications.
l
l
Mil STD 810F
MilSTD810F
Todeterminetheabilitytowithstand
y pp
mechanicalshocksfromsuddenlyapplied
forcesoranabruptchangeinmotion
produced by handing transportation or field
producedbyhanding,transportationorfield
operation.
RandomMechanicalVibration
h
l b
Mil Std 901D
MilStd901D
MIL
MILS901D
S 901D specificationcoversshocktestingrequirements
ifi ti
h k t ti
i
t
forshipboardmachinery,equipment,systems,and
structures,excludingsubmarinepressurehullpenetrations.
Thepurposeoftheserequirementsistoverifytheabilityof
f
f
f
shipboardinstallationstowithstandshockloadingswhich
maybeincurredduringwartimeserviceduetotheeffects
y
g
ofnuclearorconventionalweapons.
Nodegradation;"shockgrade1
Fullyfunctionalbutnonoiseandvibrationrequirement;
F ll f ti
lb t
i
d ib ti
i
t
"shockgrade2
Mustremainsafe;
Must remain safe; "shock
shockgrade3
grade 3
Acousticsignature;"shockgrade4".
Mil STD 901D
MilSTD901D
Testcategories
Lightweight
Mediumweight
d
h
Heavyweight
Shockgrades
Shock grades
GradeA GradeAitemsareitemswhichareessentialtothesafetyand
co t ued co bat capab ty o t e s p.
continuedcombatcapabilityoftheship.
GradeB GradeBitemsareitemswhoseoperationIsnotessentialto
thesafetyandcombatcapabilityoftheshipbutwhichcouldbecomea
hazard to personnel to grade A items or to the ship as a whole as a
hazardtopersonnel,togradeAitems,ortotheshipasawholeasa
resultofexposuretoshock.
901 D
901D
MIL-901D
High Impact Shock
Testing
LWSM
Light Weight Shock
Machine
MWSM
Medium Weight Shock
Machine
FSP,LFSP and IFSP
Heavy Weight Shock Testing
Using the Floating Shock Platforms
Equipment
Class
Shock Grades
Class 1
To meet shock
req. without RM
Grade A
e.g. control and
Command
Grade B
Class 2
Shock req.
With RM
Class 3
To meet shock
Req. of both Class 1
and 2
Type A
Principle unit
Shock test
types
Type B
Subsidiary
component
p
Type C
subassembly
Control of Vibration
ControlofVibration
ControllingNaturalFrequencies
avoidingResonance
g
PreventingExcessiveResponseat
Resonance damping/energy
Resonancedamping/energy
dissipatingmechanisms
Reducingtransmissionofexciting
forces
ReducingResponseofsystem
Control of Natural Frequencies
ControlofNaturalFrequencies
Resonance LargeDisplacement Strain
Failure
Masschange FunctionalRequirement
Stiffness!!!
S iff
!!!
Introduction of Damping
IntroductionofDamping
D
Dampingistheconversionofmechanicalenergy
i i th
i
f
h i l
ofastructureintothermalenergy.
Theamountofenergydissipatedisameasureof
The amount of energy dissipated is a measure of
thestructuresdampinglevel.
Jointsdamping
Joints damping
Welded,Bolted,Rivet
ViscousDamping(ViscosityofFluid)
HysteresisDamping(frictionwithinmaterial)
Hysteresis Damping (friction within material)
CoulombDamping
.
Changeoffn
Automobiles
Viscoelastic Materials
AmplitudeAtResonance
2.6.4
HighlyNonLinearMaterials
DampingTapes
Vibration Isolation
VibrationIsolation
Active
Passive
FoundationorBaseProtection
EquipmentProtection
TypeofDisturbance Vibration Harmonic/Shock Step
ReductionoftheForceTransmittedto
Foundation
SS:
forSmallvalueofDamping
ratioandr>1
Design Chart for Isolation
DesignChartforIsolation
Forlargevaluesofrandlowvaluesofdamping
thetermbecomesverysmallandcanbe
neglected
Isolationofsystemswithrotating
unbalance
Vibration Damper
VibrationDamper
EEngineering
i
i
St t l
Structural
element
l
t
th t
that
attenuates transmission of vibration in a
certain frequency range.
range
The resilient element includes Rubber and
Metal.
Metal
Rubber is securely bonded between the two
metal parts.
parts
Upper Plate is assumed to face the source to
vibration
ib ti and
d lower
l
metal
t l surface
f
secured
d to
t
foundation.
Commercial Damper Selection
CommercialDamperSelection
Shock Isolation
ShockIsolation
Isolation under Shock
IsolationunderShock
Anelectronicinstrumentofmass20kgissubjecttoashockinthe
An
electronic instrument of mass 20 kg is subject to a shock in the
formofastepvelocityof2m/s.Ifthemaximumallowablevalues
ofdeflection(duetoclearancelimit)andaccelerationarespecified
g, p
y,
p g
as20mmand25g,respectively,determinethespringconstantof
anundamped shockisolator.
Vibration Absorber
VibrationAbsorber
Toreducethevibrationof
aprimarydeviceby
addinganabsorbertothe
system
Eliminateunwanted
vibration
Forms2degreeofFreedom
Usedinmachineryat
constantspeed
Applications:
Reciprocatingmachines
R i
ti
hi
Buildingexcitedbyanearthquake
Transmissionlinesortelephonelinesexcited
by wind blowing
bywindblowing
Undamped DynamicVibration
Absorber
Vibrationabsorberisoftenusedwithmachines
runatconstantspeedorsystemswithconst.
excited freq because the combined system
excitedfreq.,becausethecombinedsystem
hasnarrowoperatingbandwidth.
Damped vibration Absorber
DampedvibrationAbsorber
Active Vibration Control
ActiveVibrationControl
Di h
Diaphragm
Accumulator
MR Fluid
Solenoid
Wires to
Electromgnet
Bearing &
Seal
IdealizedFormsofShockExcitations&
VelocityChange
