AGE
NEWBORN
GROSS MOTOR
Flexor tone predominates
In prone, turns head to side
Automatic reflex walking
Rounded spine when held
sitting
FINE MOTOR ADAPTIVE
Hands fisted
Grasp reflex
State dependent ability to fix
and follow bright objects
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
Habituation and some control
of state
SPEECH & LANGUAGE
Cry
State dependent quieting and
head turning to rattle or voice
COGNITIVE
Sensorimotor period
0-24 months
Reflex stage
EMOTIONAL
Basic trust vs. basic mistrust first year
Normal symbiotic phase - does
not differentiate between self
and mother
4 MONTHS
Head midline
Head held when pulled to sit
In prone lifts head to 90 and
lifts chest slightly
Turns to spine
Hands mostly open
Midline hand play
Crude palmar grasp
Recognizes bottle
Turns to voice and bell
consistently
Laughs squeals
Responsive vocalization
Blows bubbles "raspberries"
"Circular reaction" the
interesting result of an action
motivates its repetition
"Lap baby" developing a sense
of basic trust
7 MONTHS
Maintains sitting, may lean
on arms
Rolls to prone
Reaches with one arm in prone
Bears all weight, bounces when
held erect
Cervical lordosis
Intermediate grasp
Transfers cube from hand to
hand
Bangs ojects
Differentiates between familiar
person and stranger
Holds bottle
Looks for dropped object
"Talks" to his mirror image
Uses single and double
consonant-vowel combinations
10 MONTHS
Creeps on all fours
Pivots in sitting
Stands momentarily
Cruises
Slight bow leg
Increased lumbar lordosis,
acute lumbo-sacral angulation
Pincer grasp, mature thumb to
index grasp
Bangs 2 cubes held in hands
Play peek-a-boo
Finger feeds
Chews with rotatory movement
Shouts for attention
Imitates speech sounds
Waves "bye-bye"
Uses "mama" and "dada" with
meaning
Inhibts behavior to "no"
Can retrieve an object hidden
in his view
Practicing phase of separation
individuation, practices
initiating separations
"Love affair with world"
14 MONTHS
Walks alone arms in high guard
or mid-guard
Wide base, excessive knee
and hip flexion
Foot contact on entire sole
Slight valgus knees and feet
Pelvic tilt and rotation
Piles two cubes
Scribbles spontaneously
Holds crayon full length in palm
Casts objects
Uses spoon with
overpronation and spilling
Removes a garment
Uses single words
Understands simple
commands
Differentiates available
behavior patterns for new
ends (e.g pulls rug on which
is a toy)
Rapprochement phase of
separation - individuation .
Ambivalent behavior to mother
Stage of autnomy vs. shame
and doubt (1-3 yr)
Issue of holding on and letting
go
Pleasure in controlling
muscles and sphincters
18 MONTHS
Arms at low guard
Mature supporting base
and heel strike
Seats self in chair
Walks backwards
Emerging hand dominance
Crude release
Holds crayon butt in palm
Dumps raisin from bottle
spontaneuosly
Imitates houseworks
Carries, hugs doll
Drinks from cup neatly
Points to named body part
Identifies one picture
Says "no"
Jargons
Capable of 'insight' i.e. solving
a problem by mental
combinations, not physical
groping
2 YEARS OLD
Begins running
Walks up and down stairs alone
Jumps on both feet in place
Hand dominance in usual
Builds 8 cube
Aligns cubes horiontally
Pulls on garment
Uses spoon well
Opens door turning knob
Two word phrases are
common
Uses verbs
Preoperational period (2-7 yr)
>able to evoke an object or
event
At 5 months began to
differentiate between mother
and self and beginning of
separation individuation
Has sense of belonging to a
central person
Imitates verical line
Places pencil shaft
between thumb and fingers
Draws with arm and wrist
action
Feeds doll with bottle or
spoon
Toilet training usuall begun
Refers to self by name
Uses 'me', 'mine'
Follows simple directions
>object permanence
established
>comprehends symbols
Preoperational period continues
Child is capable of:
>deferred imitation
>symbolic play
>drawing graphic image
>mental images
>verbal evocation of events
3 YEARS OLD
Runs well
Pedals tricycle
Broad jumps
Walks up stairs alternating feet
Imitates 3 cube bridge
Copies circle
Uses overhand throw with
anteroposterior arm and
trunk motion
Catches with extended arms
hugging against body
Most children toilet trained day
and night
Pours from pitcher
Unbuttons; washes and dries
hands and face
Parellel play
Can take turns
Can be reasoned with
3 word sentences are usual
Uses future tense
Asks 'what', 'who' and 'where'
Follows prepostional commands
i.e. 'put it under'
Gives full name
May stutter in eagerness
Identifies self as boy or girl
Recognizes 3 colors
4 YEARS OLD
Walks down stairs alternating
feet
Hops on 1 foot
Plantar arches developing
Sits up from supine position
without rotating
Handles a pencil by finger and
wrist action, like adults
Copies a cross
Draws a frog-like person with
head and extremities
Throws underhand
Cuts with scissors
Cooperative play-sharingand interacting
Imaginative make-believe play
Dresses and undresses with
supervision distinguishing front
and back of clothing and
buttoning
Does simple errands outside of
home
Gives connected account of
recent experiences
Questions 'why', 'when' & 'how'
Uses past tense, adjectives,
adverbs
Knows opposite analogies
Repeats 4 digits
5 YEARS OLD
Skips, tiptoes
Balances 10 sec on each foot
Hand dominance is expected
Draws man with head, body and
extremities
Throws with diagonal arm and
body rotation
Catches with hands
Creative play
Competitive team play
Uses fork for stabbing food
Brushes teeth
Is self-sufficient in toileting
Dresses without supervision
except tying shoelaces
Fluent speech
Misarticulations of some
sounds may persist
Gives name, address, age
Defines concrete nouns by
compoisition, classification
or use
Follows 3 part commands
Has number concepts to 10
Stage of industry vs. inferiority
(5 yr to adolescence)
Adjusts himself to the
inorganic laws of the
tool world
6 YEARS OLD
Rides bicycle
Roller skates
Prints alphabets; letter reversals
still acceptable
Mature catch and throw of ball
Teacher is an important authority
to child
Uses fork appropriately
Uses knife for spreading
Ties shoelaces
Plays table games
Shows mastery of grammar
Uses proper articulation
Stage of industry vs. inferiority
continues
7 YEARS OLD
Continuing refinement of skills
Eats with fork and knife
Combs hair
Is responsible for grooming
Period of concrete operational
thought (7 yr to adolescence)
Child is capable of logical
thinking
PediaRehab/Molnar 3rd Ed.
Stage of initiative vs guilt
(3-5 yr)
Deals with issue of genital
sexuality
rsop/PTBatch'17
