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Boost Converter Volt-Second Analysis

- The boost converter increases output voltage (VOUT) above input voltage (VIN) by storing energy in an inductor during one switch position and releasing it to charge a capacitor and supply the load in the other position. - The duty cycle D determines VOUT/VIN ratio, with VOUT = VIN/D' when operating ideally. However, as D approaches 1, inductor current and power losses increase greatly, reducing efficiency. - Accounting for non-idealities like inductor resistance RL, as RL increases VOUT is reduced from the ideal value. At very high duty cycles, inductor losses cause VOUT to tend to zero rather than infinity.

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134 views3 pages

Boost Converter Volt-Second Analysis

- The boost converter increases output voltage (VOUT) above input voltage (VIN) by storing energy in an inductor during one switch position and releasing it to charge a capacitor and supply the load in the other position. - The duty cycle D determines VOUT/VIN ratio, with VOUT = VIN/D' when operating ideally. However, as D approaches 1, inductor current and power losses increase greatly, reducing efficiency. - Accounting for non-idealities like inductor resistance RL, as RL increases VOUT is reduced from the ideal value. At very high duty cycles, inductor losses cause VOUT to tend to zero rather than infinity.

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duppal35
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BOOST CONVERTER

V OUT
R

Position1:

v L ( t )=V g

i C ( t )=

Position2:

v L ( t )=V g V OUT

i C ( t )=i L (t)

V OUT
R

From Volt-sec balance across inductor in TS

V g ( D T s ) + ( V g V OUT ) ( D' T S )=0 V OUT =

Vg
D'

During the first subinterval, the capacitor supplies the load current, and the capacitor is partially
discharged. During the second subinterval, the inductor current supplies the load and,
additionally, recharges the capacitor.
From Cap-charge balance or capacitor amp-second balance
TS

iC (t ) dt =0
0

( VR ) D T +( I V R ) D T =0 I = DV R
OUT

OUT

'

g
'2

Thus, inductor current becomes large as D approaches 1. This inductor current, which coincides
with the dc input current in the boost converter, is greater than the load current. Physically, this
must be the case: to the extent that the converter elements are ideal, the converter input and
output powers are equal. Since the converter output voltage is greater than the input voltage,
the input current must likewise be greater than the output current. In practice, the inductor
current flows through the semiconductor forward voltage drops, the inductor winding resistance,
and other sources of power loss. As the duty cycle approaches one, the inductor current
becomes very large and these component nonidealities lead to large power losses. In
consequence, the efficiency of the boost converter decreases rapidly at high duty cycle.

( )

vL V g
=
L
L

( )

( didt )

v L V gV OUT
=
L
L

( dvdt )

di
dt

POSITION 1

POSITION 2

dv
dt

i V OUT
= C=
C
RC
POSITION 1
i
I V
= C = OUT
C C RC
POSITION 2

Position1:

2 iL V g
=
DTS L
L=

Vg
DTS
2 iL

2 v c =

V OUT
V
DT S v c = OUT D T S
RC
2 RC

Position2:

2 iL
'

D TS

V gV OUT
L

L=

(V gV OUT )
D'TS
2 i L

ESR CONSIDERATION
Position1:

V g =v L +i (t ) R L v L =V g I R L

i C =C

dv V OUT
=
dt
R
V g =v L +i R L +V OUT v L =V g I R LV OUT

Position2:

i C =I

V OUT
R

Volt-s balance:

D ( V gI RL ) + D' ( V gI RL V OUT ) =0 V OUT =


Amp-s balance:

V OUT
V
V
+ D' I OUT =0 I = OUT
R
R
D' R

) (

V OUT =
Therefore,

Vg
D

'

1
RL

( )
1+

D '2 R

V g I R L
D'

If is RL much less than D2R, then the second term


is approximately equal to unity and the
conversion ratio is
approximately equal to the ideal value. However,
as RL increases VOUT reduces.
As the duty cycle D approaches one, the inductor
winding resistance causes a major qualitative
change in the curve. Rather than approaching
infinity at D = 1, the curve tends to zero.
What happens at D = 1 is that the switch is
always in position 1. Inductor is never connected
to the output, so no energy is transferred to the
output and output voltage tends to zero. The
inductor current tends to a large value, limited only by the inductor resistance. A large
amount of power is lost in the inductor winding resistance, while no power is delivered to
the load; hence, we can expect that the converter efficiency tends to zero at D = 1.
Note: Presence of Cap ESR doesnt affect the above calculations!

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