Properties of Indefinite Integrals
1.) du=u+c
*independent of the variable of integration
dw+ dv+ dx
2.)
( dw+ dv+... dx )=
*if contains sum of terms,that can be integrate
separately.
Ex.)
3.)
x5
+1 3
x + 4 x 4 +11 )= x 5 dx 1 x3 dx+ 4 x 4 dx +11 dx
(
7
7
cdu= c du
*if it contains a constant multiple it can be written before
the integral sign.
General Power Formula Of Integration
From: d(
n---d(
un
=n
un1
du
n+1
un+ 1 =( n+1 ) nn+11 du
d (un)
n+1
u
un du= n+1 = un du= n+1
+c
Ex.)
1. x 2 dx=
2.)
x 2 +1
2+1
43 x
+c=
x3
+c
3
(w/r: u=4-3x,du=-3dx;n=5)
43 x
( 13 ) (3 ) dx
5
=(
+c
4
2
( 2x = a 42 a2 x 4 + x 8) dx
1+u
2 ( 2)du
u ln
1+u2
dx2 a2 x 4 dx + x 8 dx
a 4 x2 a 2
4.)
(43 x)6
18
3.)
1
3
43 x
1+u
ln
1
x5 x 9
+ +c
5 9
1+u
(
2)
ln 3
+c
3
1
ln 3 (1+u)2
+c
6
Fundamental Integration Formulas
1.)General Power Formula
un du=
un+ 1
+c
n+1
2.)Logarithmic Function
a.)
du
u
b.)
du
=ln (u ) +c w /r :u< 0
u
c.)
= ln u + c w/r: u>0
ln
du u w
=
:u is not equal zero
u +c r
Ex.)
1.)
w+ 5
3 w6
1
7
+
3
3 w6
w/r: u=3w-6 ; du=3dw
( )
1
dw(3)
dw+7 3
3
3 w6
1
7
w+
3
3
ln (3w-6) + c
1
2
cos d
2.) sin2 5 =
ln(sin2) + c
w/r: u= sin2,du=cos2
3. cot u du=
cos u
du
sin u
2 d
w/r: u = sin u,du = cos u du
= ln sin u + c
4.)
5 xdx
1+ 2 x 2
= 5(
1
4
4 xdx
1+ 2 x 2
5
4
ln
3.)Exponential Function
u
a.) e du=
b.)
a u du=
e u+ c
a4
ln (a)
+c
w/r: a>0
Ex.)
1
sin 3 x
1. ( ) e
3
cos 3x dx
Let: u=sin 3x; du =(3)cos3xdx
1
e sin3 x +c
3
1+2 x
)+c
dx
105 x
2.)
=(
1
5
( 5)
) 10
5x
1 105 x
dx= (
)+ c
5 ln10
=2 ln x dx
=
x2
x
+c
3
3 lnx
lnx
3
4.) 4 dx=4 e dx=4 x dx
x4
4
=4
+ c=
x4
+c
4.) Trigonometric Function
a.) cos u du=sin u du
b.) sin u du= -cos u du
c.)
sec 2 udu=tan u du
d.)
csc 2 udu=cot u du
e.) sec u tan u du=sec u+ c
f.) csc u cot u du=-csc u + c
g.) cot u du = ln u + c
h.) sec u du =ln(sec u + tan u) + c
i.) csc du = ln(csc u cot u) + c
5.) Inverse Trigonometric Function
a.)
du
a 2u2
= Arcsin
du
b.) a2 +u2 =
1
a
u
a
Arctan
+c
u
a
+c
Ex.
1.
dx
9x 2
=Arcsin
(let:
x
+c
3
a2=9, a=3, u2=x 2 ,u=x
x +3 2 +( 6)
dx
dx
dx
x2 +6 x +15 = x2 +6 x +9+6 =
2.)
=
=
1
6
x +3
6
6
. 6 Arctan 6 . 6
+6
6 arctan ( x+3 ) 6 +c
6
2x
e dx
3.) 44 e 4 x
a2=4, a=2 u2=4 e 2 x ,u=2 e 2 x du=4 e 2 x dx
let:
e 2 x dx( 4)
= 44 e 4 x
=
=
1
4
2x
2e
2
Arcsin
+c
1
arcsin e 2 x +c
4
( 3 ) dy
dy
1
=
4.) 9 y 2+ 6 y+ 3 3 ( 3 y +1 )2 +2
1 1 2
{ .
3 2 2
2 A
}Arctan
rctan
3 y +1 2
. +c
2 2
(3 y +1) 2
2
+c
6.)Integration By Parts
udv=uv vdu
Ex.) cos
= cos
u sin u d
u sin2 u cos 4 du
u
1sin
u
2
2
cos 2=
12 sin
sin
( 2u)cos u du
( 2 u+sin 4 u )
sin2 u cos u du2 sin 4 u cos u du+ sin5
=
u cos u du
w/r : u =sin u,du = cos u du
=
sin3 u 2 sin 5 u sin 7 u
+
3
5
7
2.) cot
+c
x dx
xx
csc
2
( x1)dx
csc 2 dx
cot 2 x
Let: u =cot x,du =
=
cot3 x
csc 2 x dx
3
cot3 x
+ cotx+x+ c
3
3.) tan
csc xdx
+ dx
y sec y dy
Let: u= tan y,n=4;du=
=
tan 5 y
5
+c
4.) y ln y dy
sec 2 y dy
Let: u= ln y, du=
=
dy
y
y2
dv = ydy , v= y
y 2 ln y 1
ydy
2
2
y2
2
y2
+c
4
x
x
5.) xe dx ( let u=x , du=dx , v=e )
e x dx
xe
xe x e x +c
Integration By Substitution
x
a.)Algebraic Substitution e 9 dx
>Change the variable of integration that seems to be
causing trouble in the process of integration by way of
explicit substation.
yz
dydz
>Perform the integration using the appropriate method
>Return back to the original variable in expressing the
final answer.
Ex.)
x
1.) e 9 dx
2 udu
u2 +9
u()
= 2
u2 +99
u2+ 9
=2
(u2 +9)du
du
18 2
2
(u + 9)
u +9
du18
=2
=2u-18(
du
2
u +9
1
u
arctan + c
3
3
e x 9
e 96 arctan
x
=2
+c
2.) 1+ z dz
2
y
y (4 y)(1)dy
= 4 y
=
4 y5
5
4
5
dy4 y dy
(1
4 y3
3
+6s
5
+ z 2
4
3
(1+ z 3 + c
b.)Trigonometric Substitution
1+ z dz
*if the integrand involves,
>
Ex.)
1.)
a + x use : x =
dx
a tan
1+ tan
2+a2 tan 2
sec 2 d
=a
3
2
3
2
2 2
sec
x
a 2 a2 + x 2
a
cosd
a3
>
a2x 2 use : x=a sin
>
x 2a2 use : x=a sec
2
3
+c
Integration Of Rational Fraction
>quotient of two polynomials
>the numerator is of lower degree than the denominator
>the denominator is broken into real factors of partial
fractions
*Distinct Linear Factors
*Repeated Linear Factors
*Quadratic Factors
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
f ( x ) dx definite integral withthe limits
b
a b
a
a=lower limits
b= upper limits
Ex.)
1 2 1
(x x + + 11)dx
2
3
3
1.)
=[
=[
2++11 x 42
x4 1 x3 1 x2
+
4 2 3 3
1
(2)
4
