Technology
Management
Assignment # 2
Improvement of Technology
in
Computer Engineering
Before Christ (B.C.)
3000 B.C.
The abacus is developed in Babylonia.
After Death (A.D.)
A.D. 700-900
Europeans begin using Hindu-Arabic math.
17th Century
1600
Hindu-Arabic math is in common use throughout Europe.
1614
John Napier introduces logarithms.
1617
Napier invents rods.
1623
Wilhelm Schickard invents the mechanical calculator.
1630-1633
William Oughtred and Richard Delamain introduce the slide
rule.
1644-1645
Blaise Pascal completes his calculator.
1672-1674
Leibniz builds his first calculator.
19th Century
1801
Joseph-Marie Jacquard develops a loom programmed by
punched tape.
1820
The Arithmometer, the first commercial calculator, is
introduced.
1823
Charles Babbage begins the Difference Engine project.
1834
Babbage starts designing the Analytical Engine.
1847
George Boole publishes The Mathematical Analysis of Logic.
1853
Pehr and
Machine.
1854
Boole publishes The Laws of Thought.
1875
Frank Baldwin opens a workshop in Philadelphia,
inaugurating the American calculator industry.
1876-1878
Baron Kelvin builds his harmonic analyzer and tide predictor
machines.
Edvard
Scheutz
complete
their
Tabulating
1878
Ramon Verea patents a calculator capable
multiplication and division.
1885
Doff Felt devises the Comptometer, a key-driven adding and
subtracting calculator.
1889
Felts Comptograph,
introduced.
1890
Herman Holleriths punch cards and tabulating equipment
are used in the U.S. Census.
1892
William S. Burroughs introduces an adder-subtracter with a
superior printer.
1893
The Millionaire, the first efficient four-function calculator, is
invented.
containing
built-in
of
direct
printer,
is
20th Century
1900-1910
1906
1910-1913
Mechanical calculators become commonplace.
Lee De Forest devises a three-electrode tube, or triode.
Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead publish
Principia Mathematica.
1911
Hollerith Tabulating Machine Company merges
Computing- Tabulating-Recording Corporation (CTR).
into
1914
Thomas Watson, Sr., joins CTR.
1919
W. H. Eccles and F. W. Jordan publish a paper on flip-flop
circuits.
1924
CTR becomes International Business Machines Corporation
(IBM).
1930
Vannevar Bush completes his differential analyzer,
stimulating international interest in analog computing.
1937
Alan Turing publishes On Computable Numbers.
1938
Konrad Zuse finishes his Z1, the first binary calculating
machine
1939
Bell Labs builds the Complex Number Calculator.
1941
Zuse assembles the Z3, the first electromechanical general
purpose program-controlled calculator.
1942
John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berrys electronic calculating
machine, one of the first calculating devices with tubes,
goes into operation.
1943
IBM-Harvard Mark I is completed, First Colossus codebreaking machine is installed at Bletchley Park.
1944
J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly conceive of the stored
program computer
1945
ENIAC, the first fully functional electronic calculator, goes
into operation in November.
IBM becomes the largest business machine manufacturer in
the United States.
1946
Eckert and Mauchly establish the Electronic
Company, Americas first computer manufacturer.
Control
1947
Bell Labs invents the point-contact transistor.
1948
IBM assembles the SSEC electromechanical computer,
which runs a stored program on 27 January.
Manchester Universitys Mark I prototype runs the first fully
electronic stored program on 21 June.
1949
EDSAC, the first full-scale electronic stored-program
computer, begins operating at Cambridge University in June.
BINAC, the first stored-program computer in America, is
tested in August.
1950
Remington Rand
Corporation.
buys
the
Eckert-Mauchly
Computer
1951
The Ferranti Mark I, the first commercially manufactured
computer, is installed at Manchester University in February.
The first UNIVAC is delivered to the Census Bureau in March.
Whirlwind, the first real-time computer, is completed.
William Shockley invents the junction transistor.
1952
Thomas Watson, Jr., becomes president of IBM.
UNIVAC successfully
presidential election.
1953
predicts
the
outcome
of
the
IBM delivers the 701, its first electronic computer, to Los
Alamos in March.
MIT conducts a successful full-scale test of Jay W. Forresters
magnetic-core memory.
1954
IBM introduces the 650 medium-size computer in December.
1955
Shockley establishes a semiconductor company in Mountain
View, California.
1956
John McCarthy, an MIT computer scientist, coins the phrase
artificial intelligence
1957
IBM introduces FORTRAN, the first high-level computer
language.
1958
Jack Kilby builds an
Instruments in Dallas.
1959
Kurt Lehovec designs an IC whose components are isolated
with pn junctions.
integrated circuit (IC) at Texas
Robert Noyce invents a planar IC, paving the way for the
mass manufacture of reliable and efficient ICs.
1961
MIT develops the first computer time-sharing system.
Texas Instruments builds the first IC computer.
1963
The Digital Equipment
minicomputer.
Corporation
introduces
the
1964
IBM unveils the System/360, the first family of computers.
1968
Noyce and Gordon Moore establish Intel in Santa Clara,
California.
Intel introduces the first 1K random-access memory (RAM).
1971
Intel invents the microprocessor.
1973
The ENIAC patent is invalidated, IC computers become
commonplace.
1974
An article describing the construction of a personal
minicomputer appears in Radio-Electronics.
1975
The
Altair
computer
premieres
in Popular
Electronics, inaugurating the personal computer industry.
1977
The Apple II is introduced.
1981
IBM enters the personal computer market with the PC.
1984
IBM develops a one-million bit RAM.
1988
The first "Internet Worm" is released by Robert Morris Jr.
This affects about 6,000 of the 60,000 hosts on the Internet,
and DARPA creates CERT (Computer Emergency Response
Team) to respond to threats to the Internet.
1989
The "WWW" is invented by Tim Berners-Lee, text only
version, but allows hyper-links.
The first CD-ROM is developed by Phillips and Sony, CD-I
1991
Linus Torvalds develops an open operating system called
Linux
1993
The Pentium microprocessor advances the use of graphics
and music on PCs.
1995
The first macro virus is detected. By 1996, the MS Word
macro virus known as "Concept" becomes the most widely
spread computer virus to date.
The Universal Serial Bus (USB) debuts.
1996
Intel announces the Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), a new
processor interface for graphics accelerators.
1997
Intel releases the Pentium MMX as the next generation
processor in January.
Intel releases the Pentium II chip
1998
Microsoft ships Windows 98.
Microsoft becomes the world's most valuable company.
Compaq Computer acquires Digital Equipment for US$9.6
billion.
1999
The term Wi-Fi becomes part of the computing language
and users begin connecting to the Internet without wires.
21st Century
2000
By mid-2000 USB 2.0 became available
2001
Microsoft launches the Windows XP operating system
2003
Advanced Micro Devices releases the Opteron processor,
with 32-bit and 64-bit instruction operation, without
requiring 32-bit code to be re-compiled.
2004
Mozillas Firefox 1.0 challenges Microsofts Internet Explorer,
the dominant web browsers.
2005
Intel releases the first desktop dual-core processor
2006
Apple Computer releases its first Macintosh (iMac) computer
with an Intel processor.
2007
The iPhone brings many computer functions to the smart
phone.
Microsoft releases the Windows Vista operating system for
retail sales.
2008
Android operating system released
2009
Microsoft launches Windows 7, which offers the ability to pin
applications to the taskbar and advances in touch and
handwriting recognition, among other features.
2010
Apple Surpasses Microsoft as Most Valuable Technology
Company
2011
Intel announces the commercialization of 3D transistors
2012
Raspberry Pi, a bare-bones, low-cost credit-card sized
computer created by volunteers mostly drawn from
academia and the UK tech industry, is released to help
teach children to code.
Microsoft releases the operating system Windows 8.
Intel demonstrates its Next Unit of Computing,
motherboard measuring only 4 4 in (10 10 cm)
2014-2015
Intel unveiled its first eight-core desktop processor, the
Intel Core i7-5960X.
Google releases the 64 bits version of Chrome for Windows.
References:
1. http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/cgi/computingtimeline.pl
2. http://ds.haverford.edu/bitbybit/
