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Imagine :
The World without

Internet
Internet

History of the Internet

Developed for secure military communications
1957 USSR launched Sputnik I; USA were
shocked
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(ARPANET) was established in the 1960s,
funded by the U.S. government
Enabled
bl d computers at leading
l di universities
i
i i and
d
research organizations (UCLA, Stanford Research
Institute, UCSB and U Utah) to communicate with
each other

The Internet
and
World Wide Web

Creation of ARPANET
d a
d Research
a
oj
Advanced
Projects
Agency Network
Technological think-tank
Space, ballistic missiles and
nuclear test monitoring
Communication between
operational base and
subcontractors

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From ARPANET to Internet

1962 computer research program lead by John
Licklider (MIT)
1965 first wide area network created
Connection between Berkeley and MIT

1971 23 host computers in US (15 nodes) backbone

1973 First international connection (University College
of London)
1974/1982 Networks launched
Very chaotic
Different competing techniques and protocols
ARPANET is still the backbone

1982 The internet is born using the TCP/IP standard

Key Definitions:

Counting Connections
9The Internet:
9Th
I t
t an interconnected
i t
t d
network of thousands of networks

Links academic, research, government,

and commercial institutions

9Connects computers to about every

country in the world
Growing too fast to measure its growth
Internet is decentralized
Internet doesnt have hard boundaries

Architecture-wise

Internet: The internet is a g

global network of
interconnected networks, connecting private,
public and university networks in one cohesive
unit.
Intranet: An intranet is a private enterprise
network that uses internet and web technologies
for information gathering and distribution within
an organization.
Extranet: An extranet is a community of interest
created by extending an intranet to selected
entities external to an organization.

Network : Collection of interconnected machines

Host: Machine running user application; computer connected to the network
Media: Physical process used (copper wire, fiber optics, satellite link)
Channel: Logical line of communication
Router: decide where to send data next

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Internet Protocols
9Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol,,
TCP/IP

At the heart of the Internet

Allows cross-network communication

9TCP breaks messages into packets.

Each ppacket has all the information needed to travel from

network to network.
Host systems called routers determine how to route
transmissions.
Packet-switching is flexible and robust.

Internet Addresses
9 The host is named using DNS (domain name system), which
translates IP addresses into a string of names.
9 Top-level domains include:

.edu - educational sites

.com - commercial sites

.gov - government sites

.mil - military sites

.net - network administration sites

.org
org - nonprofit organization sites
9 Also country codes (doled out by IANA) :

.ca
canada

.au australia

.h
switzerland

.id
indonesia

Internet Protocols
9

IP iis th
the address
dd
ffor th
the packets.
k t
Each

Internet host computer has a unique IP

address.
Each address is comprised of four sets of
numbers separated by periods, such as
123.23.168.22
172.17.0.11

Indonesian DNS
.ac.id
.go.id
.or.id
.co.id
.net.id

:
:
:
:
:

academic
government
organization
corporate
network administration

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E-mail address

Internet Access Options (1)

9An email address includes:

username@hostname sub dom
[email protected]

9Direct
Direct (Dedicated) Connection

username is the persons

mailbox
hostname is the name of the host
computer and is followed by one
or more domains separated by
periods:

Computer

has its own IP address

and is attached to a LAN
No need to dial up
Files are stored on your computer
Quick response time

host.domain
host.subdomain.domain
host.subdomain.subdomain.domain

[email protected]

9Dial-up Connection
Limited

User President whose mail is

stored on the host whitehouse in
the government domain

connection using a

modem

Internet Access Options (2)

Internet Access Options (3)

9 Broadband Connections
DSL (Digital
(Di it l Subscriber
S b ib Line)
Li ) Service
S i

9 Internet
I t
t Service
S i Providers
P id

Newer, faster, and cheaper than ISDN

Can share phone line with voice traffic

Local ISPs provide connections

through local telephone lines.
National ISPs offer connections
on a nationwide scale
scale.
Online Services like AOL and
MSN offer extra services.

Cable Modem Connection

Allows Internet connections using shared TV cables
Can exceed DSL speeds
Carries increased privacy and security risks

(ISPs)

Satellite connection, provides connection

using DirecTV satellite dishes.
Wireless broadband connection, allows
multiple computers to connect to a base
station using short-range radio waves.
ISDN : Integrated Services Digital Network

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Service-wise (applications)
Electronic mail
World Wide Web
Remote terminal
File transfer
Newsgroups
File sharing

Internet Communications
E-mail
Instant messaging
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Group communication

Resource distribution
Video conferencing
Games

E-Mail
Electronic
El
t i mailil
Asynchronous communication
Types of e-mail accounts
Client-based
Web-based
Not private
Can be printed or forwarded
Employer can monitor

Instant Messaging
Real-time,
R
l ti
text-based
t t b d conversations
ti
Personal and business uses
List of contacts: buddy list
IM software detects members presence
Example: AOL Instant Messenger

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Voice over Internet Protocol

VoIP: Using the Internet to place phone calls
Uses technology similar to e-mail to send
voice data digitally
Requires speakers, a microphone, an Internet
connection, and a VoIP provider

Chat Rooms
Real-time,
R
l ti
text-based
t t b d conversations
ti
Rooms can focus on specific topics or
interests or be general interest
Identity protection
Username can allow anonymous
y
interaction

Netiquette: rules of polite interaction

Group Communication
Chat rooms
Newsgroups
Listservs
Blogs and vlogs
Wikis
Podcasts and webcasts
Social networks

Newsgroups and Listservs

Newsgroups
Online discussion forums
Members post and reply to messages
Create or respond to threads

Listservs
Electronic mailing lists of people interested
in a topic
Threads are sent as e-mails
Less public than newsgroups

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Social Networks

Internet Servers
E-mail server, acts like a local post office for a particular Internet hosta

O l
Online
personall and
d business
b
networks
k
Examples include Facebook, MySpace, and
LinkedIn

Members share common interests

Members communicate by voice, chat,
IM, videoconference, and blogs
Growth has been explosive

The Web vs. the Internet

The Web
Th
W b is
i partt off the
th Internet,
I t
t di
distinguished
ti
i h d
by
Common communication protocols
Hyperlinks
1989: Web invented by Tim Berners-Lee
1993: Mosaic browser released
1994: Netscape Navigator marked beginning
of the Webs major growth

business, an organization, or an ISP.

File servers, are common within LANs.

Also used to share programs, media files, and other data across the Internet

File transfer protocol (FTP), allows users to transfer files.

Download files from remote servers to their computers
Upload files to remote computers
File compression saves storage space on disk and saves transmission time when
files are transferred through networks.

Application server
server, stores applicationsPC office applications
applications,
databases, or other applications.
Makes them available to client programs that request them
Might be housed at an application service provider (ASP), a company that
manages and delivers application services on a contract basis

Web server, stores Web pages and sends pages to client Web browsers.

The Internet vs. Web Technology

Internet Technologies:
Collection off internet protocols and applications
Based upon Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) for network transport
Based upon many protocols for applications:
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) and Post Office Protocol 3
(POP3) for e-mail
Telnet for remote logon
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for exchanging data files.

Web Technology - refers to the use of:

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for transport of web data
Hypertext Markup Language/Extended Markup Language
(HTML/XML) for data presentation.

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Web Protocols: HTTP and HTML

Universal Resource Locator

9HTTP (H
(Hypertext
t t ttransfer
f protocol)
t l) used
d tto ttransfer
f Web
W b pages
Resource File

Domain Name
http://

weatherunderground.com/

Protocol for Web pages

http://www msu edu/~urquhar5/tour/active html

http://www.msu.edu/~urquhar5/tour/active.html

satellite/vis/1k/

US.html

Path

9HTML (HyperText Markup Language) created for encoding and

displaying documents

HTTP
World Wide Web uses HTTP Servers,
better known as web server
Receive HTTP type request and send
requested file in packets

http://

/~urquhar5/tour/active.html

identifies type
of transfer

File Location on Remote Computer

www.msu.edu
Domain Name name of remote computer

.html
Web documents are text files with .html
html
extension
These text files have HTML tags in
them

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Inside the Web

HTML Tags
Each opening HTML tag has a closing
HTML tag that matches it.

HTML is not WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get).

Example of Tags
<P>Here is the paragraph about
something</P><P>Here is the second
paragraph</P>
What it will look like:
Here is the paragraph about something.

<P> for begin paragraph is followed by

</P> for end paragraph
<P> g
goes at beginning
g
g of paragraph
p g p
</P> goes at end of paragraph

Essential HTML Tags

<HTML> begins HTML document
<BODY> begins body of document
<H1>Heres a header in big type</H1>
<P>Heres a paragraph</P>
</BODY> ends body
</HTML> ends HTML document

Here is the second paragraph.

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Browser Output of Page

View Page Source

Using View Page Source allows you to
see the HTML behind a page

If you openedd that

h page in
i Netscape
N
Navigator,
N i
it
i would
ld look
l k
like this:

When we get into advanced HTML

pages, this can be really important for
learning how someone did something

Heres a header in big

g type
yp
Heres a paragraph

How to make a web page

Two basic steps required in making a web
page.
Create an HTML File
Upload file to server
Saving to P: drive eliminates this step

Publishing on the Web

9Programs that convert document
format features into HTML codes:

Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, FileMaker

By expanding the number of people who

have the power to transmit knowledge,
the Web might trigger a power shift that
changes everything.
Howard Rheingold,
Virtual Communities

9Web authoring programs:

Dreamweaver, GoLive, Microsoft

FrontPage

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Web Browsers
Mosaic (1993) was first point-andclick browser
Web browsers are the software we
use to view web pages
Netscape Navigator and Internet
Explorer are most popular
Netscape Navigator was original, but
Microsoft leveraged IE on market

Plug-ins and Helper Applications

RealOne
QuickTime
Shockwave/Flash
RealPlayer
Ad b R
Adobe
Reader
d and
dA
Acrobat
b

From Hypertext to Multimedia

T i l Web
Typical
W b pages can contain:
t i
Tables
Frames
Forms
Animations
Search Engines

Downloadable
audio and video
Streaming audio and
video
Real-time
Real
time live
audio or video
3-D environments
Personalization

Dynamic Web Sites: Beyond HTML (1)

Dynamic HTML
Adds
dds more
o e pprogramming
og a
g powe
power to HTML by aallowing
ow g code to
automatically modify itself under certain circumstances
Languages for dynamic sites
Perl scripting language
Java: Full-featured, cross-platform, object-oriented programming
language

Java Applets: Small Java programs

Automatically downloaded onto client computer

Can run on any platform

ActiveX: Collection of programming technologies and tools for creating

controls or components
Similar in many ways to Java applets

WML (Wireless Markup Language)

Helps create Web documents containing stock quotes, phone numbers,

and other small nuggets of information

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Dynamic Web Sites: Beyond HTML (2)

Search Engines

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

9 Search engines are designed to make it

easier to find information on the Web.

Will

replace HTML plus provide additional features and extensions

XHTML
A

sort of cross between HTML and XML

VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language)

Creates

3-D virtual worlds

SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language)

Makes

it possible to link time - based streaming mediasounds, video, and

animation can be tightly integrated

Specialized Search Engines:

Google Maps, Froogle, and others

Web

Crawlers or Spiders

Software robots that

systematically search the Web
9 Some search engines use keywords
and Boolean logic to conduct searches.
searches
9 Other search engines conduct searches
using a hierarchical directory or subject
tree.

Portals
9 Web entry stations that offer quick
and easy
y access to a variety
y of
services
Consumer portals include search
engines,
email services, chat rooms,
references, news and sports
headlines, shopping malls, and
other services.
Corporate
C
t portals
t l on intranets
i t
t
serve the employees of particular
corporations.
Vertical portals are targeted at
members of a particular industry or
economic sector.

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Push Technology: Notifications and Alerts

Web 2.0
Web interactions
people
between people,
software, and data
Social web where
the user is also a
participant
New
applications
N
li ti
that combine the
functions of multiple
applications

9The Web was built with pull

technology.
Browsers on client computers pull
information from server machines.
Essentially, the browser asks for
information.
9With push technology, information is
delivered automatically to the client
p
computer.
New product descriptions
Automatic software upgrades
Updated news
9RSS (Really Simple Syndication)
pushes (feeds) information to people
who read blogs.

50

What is Web 2.0?

Blogs and Vlogs

A term describing
d
b
the
h trend
d in the
h use off World
ld
Wide Web technology and web design that aims
to enhance creativity, information sharing, and,
most notably, collaboration among users. These
concepts have led to the development and
evolution of web-based communities and
hosted services, such as social-networking sites,
wikis, blogs, and folksonomies (social tagging).
Wikipedia

Personall journals
P
j
l posted
t d on the
th Web
W b
Weblogs: blogs
Primarily text-based
Simple to create, read, and manage
Entries listed on a single page, with most
recent entry at the top
Searchable
Video logs: vlogs
Digital video clips playable on media player
software

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Wikis
Wikis: Web sites that allow anyone to
change their content
Provide a source for collaborative writing
Eliminate exchanging e-mails
Track revisions

Webcasts
Webcasts: Broadcasts of audio or video
content over the Internet
Often live
Delivered to your computer
Use streaming media

Podcasts
Podcasts:
P
d
Compressed
C
d audio
di or video
id files
fil
distributed on the Internet
Really Simple Syndication (RSS) technology
allows constant updates for subscribers
Podcasts are all over the Web
Need aggregator software to gather
podcasts
Need media player software to play them
Simple to create

File Transfer Protocol

FTP Program (also
( l called
ll d FTP client)
l
) used
d to
transfer files from your computer to your
public web directory, or vice versa.
WS_FTP LE is a good, free FTP program

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Internet Issues: Ethical and Political Dilemmas

9Filtering
9
il i software
f
to combat
b inappropriate
i
i content
9Digital cash to make online transactions
easier and safer
9Encryption software to prevent credit
card theft
9Digital signatures to prevent email forgery
9Access and censorship
9The digital divide

Lesson Summary
9 The Internet is a network of networks that connects
all kinds of computers around the globe and uses
standard protocols to allow Internet communication
to occur.
9 No single organization owns or controls the
Internet.
9 You
Y can connect to the
h Internet
I
i severall ways that
in
h
provide different degrees of access to Internet
services.
9 Most Internet applications are based on the
client/server model.

Lesson Summary (continued)

9 The Web uses a set of pprotocols to make a variety
y of
Internet services and multimedia documents available to
users through a simple point-and-click interface.
9 In addition to Web sites, a variety of applications are built
on the protocols of the Internet and the Web. For example,
people who use the Web depend on search engines to find
the information they need.
need

Lesson Summary (continued)

9 As the Internet grows and changes,
changes issues of
privacy, security, censorship, criminal
activity, universal access, and appropriate
net behavior are surfacing.

9 Peer-to-peer computing was popularized by music-sharing

services, but its applications go beyond music sharing.

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Individual Assignment
Search in the internet and submit maximum 4
pages report on internet application in
agricultural field which include multimedia and
user interactive facilities
URL
Description of the application, including intended uses
Description of users activities/inputs, and the
responds/outputs of the application
Your evaluation and comment on usability,
attractiveness, usefulness, and further ideas for
improvement

Due date : April 17, 2013 before class (in Bahasa

Indonesia)

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