Verification
Example
Program: RFEM 5
Category: Geometrically Linear Analysis, Isotropic Nonlinear Elasticity, Plate, Solid
Verification Example: 0014 Loaded Plastic Beams with Decaying Stress-Strain Curve
0014 Loaded Plastic Beams with Decaying Stress-Strain Curve
Description
Four columns with width d, depth d, height and distance d between them are oriented in the
direction of the z-axis. They are fixed at the bottom and connected by the rigid block at the
top. Block is loaded by the pressure p in the z-direction and modeled by an elastic material with
high modulus of elasticity Er . Outer columns are modeled by linear elastic material and inner
columns by a stress-strain diagram with the decaying dependence for > 0 , where the limit is
set to 0 = 0.005. The stress-strain curves for each material and the overall stress-strain curve
are depicted on Figure 1. Assuming only small deformations theory and neglecting structure's
self-weight, determine its maximum deflection.
Material
Columns
Inner
Columns Stress-Strain
Curve
Block
Geometry
Column
Block
Load
Modulus of
Elasticity
E1
50.000 GPa
Poisson's
Ratio
0.000
Modulus of
Elasticity of
the 2nd
branch
E2
40.000 GPa
Strain Limit
0.005
Modulus of
Elasticity
Er
Poisson's
Ratio
0.000
Height
1.000 m
Depth
Width
Distance
0.100 m
Height
Depth
0.100 m
Width
7d
0.700 m
Pressure
0.158 GPa
20000.000 GPa
Analytical solution
Linear Analysis
Applying Hook's law and assuming that the acting loading will be divided equally to the each
column, simple formula for the maximum deflection can be derived:
Verification Example - 0014 Dlubal Software 2015
0014 1
Verification Example: 0014 Loaded Plastic Beams with Decaying Stress-Strain Curve
Fb
p
d
depth d
linear elastic
F1
F2
F2
F1
nonlinear elastic
z
xX
Figure 1: Problem sketch
uz,max = =
column
A
p
7p
= block
=
= 5.530mm
E1
Acolumn 4E1
4E1
(14 1)
where Ablock and Acolumn is cross section of block and one column respectively.
Nonlinear Analysis
The maximum deflection of the structure can be obtained by the following formula:
uz,max =
(14 2)
where is the total strain of structure, which can be derived from the condition of force equilibrium:
2(F1 + F2 ) = Fb
(14 3)
where Fb is the force acting on the block due to the applied pressure:
Fb = 7d 2 p
(14 4)
and F1 , F2 are forces acting on the outer and inner column respectively:
F1 = E1 d 2
(14 5)
F2 = [(E1 + E2 )0 E2 ] d 2
(14 6)
Verification Example - 0014 Dlubal Software 2015
0014 2
Verification Example: 0014 Loaded Plastic Beams with Decaying Stress-Strain Curve
[Pa]
(E1 + E2 )0
E 1 0
(1 +
E1
E2 ) 0
[]
Figure 2: Material stress-strain curve
Substituting the equations (14 4) - (14 6) into the equation (14 3), formula for the total
strain of the structure can be derived:
=[
7p
1
(E1 + E2 )0 ]
2
E1 E2
(14 7)
The maximum deflection of the structure can be finally obtained by substituting into the equation
(14 2):
uz,max = [
7p
(E1 + E2 )0 ]
= 10.300 mm
2
E1 E2
(14 8)
RFEM 5 Settings
Modeled in version RFEM 5.05.0030
The element size is lFE = 0.050 m
Geometrically linear analysis is considered
The number of increments is 1
The Mindlin plate theory is used
Nonsymmetric direct solver is used
Results
Structure File
Entity
Material Model
0014.01
Solid
Isotropic Nonlinear Elastic 2D/3D
0014.02
Plate
Isotropic Nonlinear Elastic 2D/3D
0014.03
Solid
Isotropic Linear Elastic
0014.04
Plate
Isotropic Linear Elastic
Verification Example - 0014 Dlubal Software 2015
0014 3
Verification Example: 0014 Loaded Plastic Beams with Decaying Stress-Strain Curve
Figure 3: Model in RFEM 5
Linear Analysis
Analytical
Solution
RFEM 5
(Solid - Isotropic Linear Elastic)
RFEM 5
(Plate - Isotropic Linear Elastic)
uz,max
[mm]
uz,max
[mm]
Ratio
[-]
uz,max
[mm]
Ratio
[-]
5.530
5.530
1.000
5.530
1.000
Nonlinear Analysis
Analytical
Solution
RFEM 5
(Solid - Isotropic
Nonlinear Elastic 2D/3D)
RFEM 5
(Plate - Isotropic
Nonlinear Elastic 2D/3D)
uz,max
[mm]
uz,max
[mm]
Ratio
[-]
uz,max
[mm]
Ratio
[-]
10.300
10.300
1.000
10.300
1.000
Verification Example - 0014 Dlubal Software 2015
0014 4
