PRESENTATION
GOES
HERE
Introduction
toTITLE
Data
Protection:
Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
Jason Iehl, NetApp
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Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
22
Abstract
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
Extending the enterprise backup paradigm with disk-based technologies
allow users to significantly shrink or eliminate the backup time window. This
tutorial focuses on various methodologies that can deliver efficient and cost
effective solutions. This includes approaches to storage pooling inside of
modern backup applications, using disk and file systems within these pools,
as well as how and when to utilize Continuous Data Protection,
deduplication and virtual tape libraries (VTL) within these infrastructures.
Learning Objective:
Get a basic grounding in backup and restore technology including tape, disk,
snapshots, deduplication, virtual tape, and replication technologies.
Compare and contrast backup and restore alternatives to achieve data protection
and data recovery.
Identify and define backup and restore operations and terms.
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
33
About the SNIA DPCO Committee
This tutorial has been developed, reviewed and approved by members
of the Data Protection and Capacity Optimization (DPCO) Committee
which any SNIA member can join for free
The mission of the DPCO is to foster the growth and success of the
market for data protection and capacity optimization technologies
Online DPCO Knowledge Base: [Link]/dpco/knowledge
Online Product Selection Guide: [Link]
2013 goals include educating the vendor and user communities,
market outreach, and advocacy and support of any technical work
associated with data protection and capacity optimization
Check out these SNIA Tutorials:
Understanding Data Deduplication
Advanced Data Reduction Concepts
Deduplications Role in Disaster Recovery
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
Fundamental concepts in Data Protection
Overview of Backup Mechanisms
Backup Technologies
Appendix
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Data Protection
Data protection is about data availability
SNIA definition of Data Protection: Assurance that data is not corrupted, is
accessible for authorized purposes only, and is in compliance with
applicable requirements.
There are a wide variety of tools available to us to achieve data protection,
including backup, restoration, replication and disaster recovery.
It is critical to stay focused on the actual goal -- availability of the data -using the right set of tools for the specific job -- within time and $ budgets.
Held in the balance are concepts like the value of the data (data importance
or business criticality), budget, speed, and cost of downtime.
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
The Process of Recovery
Detection
Corruption or failure reported
Diagnosis / Decision
What went wrong?
What recovery point should be used?
What method of recovery should be used -- overall strategy for the recovery?
Restoration
Moving the data from backup to primary location
From tape to disk, or disk to disk, or cloud to disk; Restore the lost or corrupted
information from the backup or archive (source), to the primary or production
disks.
Recovery Almost done!
Application environment - perform standard recovery and startup operations
Any additional steps
Replay log may be applied to a database
Journals may be replayed for a file system
Test and Verify
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Traditional Recovery
Last KnownGood Image
Modifications Since Last Image
Recovery Point Objective
Drives
Analyze
APPLICATION
DOWNTIME
Detect
Restore*
Application
Restarted
Recover
Recovery Time Objective
* Example: 10TB = 3 hours from disk, 5 hours from tape
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Protection Based on Recovery
Years
Days
Hrs
Mins
Secs
Recovery Point
Protection Methods
Tape Backups Capture on Write
Vaults Disk Backups
Archival Snapshots
Secs Mins
Hrs
Days ????
Recovery Time
Recovery Methods
Synthetic Backup
Instant Recovery Restore from Tape, Disk, Cloud
Data Replication
Point-in-Time Recovery
Cloud Backup
Roll Back
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Search & Retrieve
Backup Methodologies
Cold
Offline image of all the data
As backup window shrinks and data size expands, cold backup becomes
untenable.
Cheapest and simplest way to backup data
Application Consistent
Application supports ability to take parts of the data set offline during backup
Application knows how to recover from a collection of consistent pieces.
Avoids downtime due to backup window.
Crash Consistent or Atomic
Data copied or frozen at the exact same moment across the entire dataset.
Application recovery from an atomic backup similar to a application failover.
Rebuilding may be needed
No backup window.
Check out SNIA Tutorial:
Trends in Data Protection
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
10
Data Protection Design Trade-offs
Assessing your priorities
Backup Window
Shorten or eliminate
Recovery Time Objective (RTO)
Speed of recovery
What is the cost of application downtime?
Recovery Point Objective (RPO)
Amount of data loss
How far back in time to recover data?
Move data offsite for DR or archive
There are trade-offs everywhere
Newer technology improves but may not eliminate trade-offs
Cost, downtime, business impact,
Need to identify the priority order, and establish SLA targets for each
type of data
What is the cost of lost application?
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
11
Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
Fundamental concepts in Data Protection
Overview of Backup Mechanisms
Backup Technologies
Appendix
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
12
Backup Networking 101
LAN
Application Hosts
Network Clients
Backup Hosts
Network Attached Storage
Direct Attached Storage
SAN
SAN Attached Storage
Backup Targets
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
13
Internet aka Cloud Backup
CLOUD
LAN
Application Hosts
Network Clients
Backup Hosts
WAN
Network Attached Storage
Direct Attached Storage
SAN
SAN Attached Storage
Backup Targets
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
14
Backup Topology Components
Backup Server
Typically single point of administration
Owns the Metadata catalog
Must protect the catalog
Storage Node or Media Server
Collects the data from the Agent
Read and writes to a secondary storage device
Agent
Manages the collection of the data and Metadata
Traditional thin client or modern intelligent client
Application Server
Server that owns (produces) the data
Maybe structured or unstructured data
Secondary Storage
Target media (destination) for the backup data
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
15
Local Data Mover for Performance
LAN
AGENT
Media
Server
Application
Server
CATALOG
Backup
Server
SAN / SCSI
Data
Metadata
DATA
Secondary
Storage
Sometimes known as LAN-Free backup
Application server reads and writes the data locally
Application server acts as a media server
Storage is accessible by the application server
Minimal LAN impact.
Significant application server impact.
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
16
LAN Backup
LAN
AGENT
Media
Server
CATALOG
SAN / SCSI
Backup
Server
Application
Server
Data
Metadata
DATA
Secondary
Storage
Backup server receives data and Metadata from application
server across the LAN
LAN is impacted by both backup and restore requests
Application server may be impacted by storage I/O
CIFS, NFS, iSCSI, NDMP, or vendor specific
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
17
(Application) Server-free Backup
LAN
AGENT
Media
Server
Application
Server
DATA
CATALOG
Backup
Server
SAN / SCSI
Data
Metadata
MIRROR
Secondary
Storage
The application server allocates a snapshot/mirror of the primary storage
volume to a media server that delivers the data over the LAN or SAN
Media server must understand the volume structure
Mirror: Application server impacted when creating the mirror
Snapshot: Application server impacted by volume access
Metadata over the LAN to the backup server
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
18
Server-free (Server-less) Backup
LAN
AGENT
Media
Server
Application
Server
DATA
SNAPSHOT
CATALOG
Backup
Server
SAN / SCSI
Data
Metadata
DATA
MOVER
Secondary
Storage
Backup server delegates the data movement and I/O processing to a
Data-mover enabled on a device within the environment
Network Data Management Protocol (NDMP)
NDMP is a general open network protocol for controlling the exchange of data
between two parties
SCSI Extended Copy (XCOPY or Third-Party Copy)
Metadata still sent to the backup server for catalog updates
Much less impact on the LAN
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
19
CLOUD Backup
CATALOG
Media
Server
Backup
Server
Data
Metadata
Secondary
Storage
WAN
LAN
CLOUD
AGENT
Intelligent host-based agent
Application
Server
DATA
Saves changes and unique blocks
Security and control issues
(-) WAN network performance
Can use local cache to mitigate (hybrid cloud)
(+) Low CAPEX
(+) Off-site protection
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
20
Traditional Backup Schedules
Full Backup
Everything copied to backup (cold or hot backup)
Full view of the volume at that point in time
Restoration straight-forward as all data is available in one backup image
Huge resource consumption (server, network, tapes)
Incremental Backup
Only the data that changed since last full or incremental
Change in the archive bit
Usually requires multiple increments and previous full backup to do full
restore
Much less data is transferred
Differential backup
All of the data that changed from the last full backup
Usually less data is transferred than a full
Usually less time to restore full dataset than incremental
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
21
Synthetic Backup & Incremental
Forever
Synthetic Full Backups
Incremental backups are performed each day
Full backups are constructed from incrementals typically weekly or
monthly
Less application server and network overhead
INC
INC
INC
INC
INC
FULL
Incremental Forever
Incremental backups are performed every day
Primary backups are often sent to disk-based targets
Collections of combined incrementals used for offsite copies
Usually consolidate images from clients or application and create tapes
May construct synthetic full in the cloud
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
22
What Gets Backed Up and How
File-level backups
Any change to a file will cause entire file to be backed up
Open files often require special handling SW
Open files may get passed over measure the risks
PRO: Ease of BU and restore CON: Moves tons of data
Block-level backups
Only the blocks that change in a file are saved
Requires client-side processing to discover changed blocks
PRO: Smaller backups, Less network impact, Faster
CON: Client-side impact, increased complexity
Client-side backups
Intelligent agent monitors changes and protects only new blocks
Agent enables advanced technology, granular backups and user policies
Deduplication can enable network efficiency, reduce BU data volume
PRO: Efficiently distributes work CON: Complex client/server
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
23
Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
Fundamental concepts in Data Protection
Overview of Backup Mechanisms
Backup Technologies
Appendix
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
24
Introduction to Tape
Sequential access technology
Versus random access
Can be removed and stored on a shelf or offsite
Disaster Recovery
Encrypted, Archived for compliance?
Reduce power consumption
Media replacement costs
Tape Library
Tape life, reusability
Performance and Utilization
Can accept data at very high speeds, if you can push it
Streaming and multiplexing
Typically Managed by backup and recovery software
Controls robotics (Inventory)
Media management
Tape is not Dead!
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
25
Tape Based Backup: Considerations
Tape drives run faster than most backup jobs Is this good?
Matching backup speed is more important than exceeding it
Avoid shoe-shining
Slower hosts can tie up an expensive drive
Its a shame to waste a drive on these hosts.
Slower tapes can tie up expensive (important) servers.
Its a shame to let the tape drive throttle backup servers
Slow backup can impact production servers as well
Replacing your tapes may not solve your backup challenges
A well designed backup architecture is the best answer
If backup target speed is your issue:
Consider multiplexing Good for backup, not-so-good for restore
Consider alternates such as virtual tape (VTL) or D2D2T.
Security, security, security..
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
26
Introduction to B2D/D2D
What?
Backup to Disk / Disk to Disk Backup
Disk as a primary backup target
LAN
Why?
Performance and reliability
Reduced backup window
Greatly improved restores
RAID protection
Eliminate mechanical interfaces
Backup
Server
Disk
Target
SAN
Eliminate (tape) multiplexing
More effective sharing of backup targets
Considerations
Fibre Channel Disks versus SATA versus SAS
Tape
Library
I/O random access vs. MB/s sequential
SAN, NAS or DAS
VTL or mirroring
Consider a mix of Disk and Tape (D2D2T)
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
27
Introduction to VTL
What:
Virtual Tape Libraries emulate traditional tape
Fits within existing backup environment
Easy to deploy and integrate
Reduce / eliminate tape handling
Why:
Backup
Server
VTL
IP / FC
SAN
Improved performance and reliability (see B2D)
Reduced complexity versus straight B2D or tape
Unlimited tape drives reduce device sharing, improve backup times
Enables technologies such as remote replication, deduplication
Tape
Library
Considerations:
Easy to manage in traditional backup software environment:
Can extend the life of current physical tape investment
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
28
Introduction to CDP
What:
Continuous Data Protection
Capture every change as it occurs
May be host-based, SAN-based, array-based
Protected copy in a secondary location
Normal
Roll back to any point in time
Path
How:
Block-based
File-based
Application-based
Why:
App
Server
Capture
Point
Backup
Path
Protect
Storage Object
Record of
Updates
Implementations of true CDP today are delivering zero data loss, zero backup
window and simple recovery. CDP customers can protect all data at all times and
recover directly to any point in time.
Near CDP (Snapshots, checkpoints) may also help but will not catch every
change
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
29
Contrasting CDP and Replication
Replication is not CDP (Synchronous)
Replica or mirror is a single PIT copy of the data
Multiple replicas plus logs can create multiple points in time
Snapshots are not CDP (Asynchronous)
Data loss possible if crash or corruption happens between snaps
Snapshots frequently to same system as primary
Lack continuous index with embedded knowledge of relationship of data
to files, folders, application and server
Backups (even multiple backups) are not CDP:
Schedule frequency
Database logging can provide additional granularity but still not CDP
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
30
Introduction to Snapshots
What?
A disk based instant copy that captures the original data at a specific
point in time. Snapshots can be read-only or read-write.
Also known as Checkpoint, Point-in-Time, Stable Image, Clone
Often handled at the storage level
May be done at application server, hypervisor, and/or in cloud
Why?
Allows for complete backup or restore
With application downtime measured in minutes (or less)
May be able to be combined with replication
Most vendors: Image only = (entire Volume)
Backup/Restore of individual files is possible
If conventional backup is done from snapshot
Or, if file-map is stored with Image backup
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
31
Snapshot Considerations
Full Copy Snapshot
Differential Copy Snapshot
Upsides
Minimal performance impact
Independent copy available for DR
Less storage consumption
Often takes advantage of cheaper disk
Downsides
High disk utilization
No GEO-redundant protection
Performance may be impacted
Dependent on primary copy
Applications
Disaster Recovery
Near zero backup window
Fastest restore
Valuable for data repurposing
Backup source
Near zero backup window
Fast restore
Can help with data repurposing
Beware performance impact
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
32
Introduction to Data Deduplication
What?
The process of examining a data-set or I/O stream at the sub-file level and
storing and/or sending only unique data
Client-side SW, Target-side HW or SW, can be both client and target
Why?
Reduction in cost per terabyte stored
Significant reduction in storage footprint
Less network bandwidth required
Considerations
Greater amount of data stored in less physical space
Suitable for backup, archive and (maybe) primary storage
Enables lower cost replication for offsite copies
Store more data for longer periods
Beware 1000:1 dedupe claims Know your data and use case
Multiple performance trade-offs
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
33
Factors Impacting Space Savings
More Effective Deduplication
Less Effective Deduplication
Data created by users
Data captured from mother nature
Low change rates
High change rates
Reference data and inactive data
Active data, encrypted data, compressed
data
Applications with lower data transfer
rates
Applications with higher data transfer
rates
Use of full backups
Use of incremental backups
Longer retention of deduplicated data
Shorter retention of deduplicated data
Continuous business process
improvement
Business as usual operational procedures
Format awareness
No format awareness
Temporal data deduplication
Spatial data deduplication
Dont forget about compression
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
34
Next Steps in Data Protection
Choose the appropriate level of protection
Assess risk versus cost versus complexity
Include your customers in your decisions
Match RPO, RTO goals with technology
Consider resources required to support your decisions
Consider centralized versus distributed solutions
Performance is ALWAYS a consideration
Assess your system today for strengths and weaknesses
A new box or new SW may NOT be the answer
When in doubt, call in the experts
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
35
Where to Get More Information
Related tutorials
Active Archive Data Protection for the Data Center
Advanced Deduplication Concepts
Trends in Data Protection and Restoration Technologies
Understanding Data Deduplication
Retaining Information for 100 Years
Visit the Data Protection and Capacity Optimization
Committee website
[Link]
DPCO online Product Selection Guide
[Link]
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
36
Q&A / Feedback
Please send any questions or comments on this
presentation to SNIA: tracktutorials@[Link]
Many thanks to the following individuals
for their contributions to this tutorial.
- SNIA Education Committee
SNIA Data Protection &
Capacity Optimization Committee
SNIA Tech Council
Nancy Clay
Rob Peglar
Gene Nagle
Mike Fishman
Jason Iehl
Mike Rowan
SW Worth
Joseph White
Thomas Rivera
Data Protection and Capacity Optimization Committee:
[Link]
Introduction to Data Protection: Backup to Tape, Disk and Beyond
2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
37
