PART 1
CONDITION SURVEYS
CONTENTS
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
April, 2007
INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 1-1
General..................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1.1
Detailed Visual Inspection........................................................... 1-1
1.1.2
Detailed Condition Survey........................................................... 1-1
1.1.3
Ground Penetrating Radar Survey ............................................... 1-2
Common Defects in Materials ................................................................. 1-3
Protective Treatments for Structures in Ontario ...................................... 1-3
1.3.1
General......................................................................................... 1-3
1.3.2
Superstructures............................................................................. 1-4
1.3.3
Substructures................................................................................ 1-5
Concrete Removal and Abrasive Blast Cleaning Policies ....................... 1-6
REQUIREMENTS FOR DATA COLLECTION, SAMPLING
AND TESTING ................................................................................................. 1-8
General..................................................................................................... 1-8
Delamination and Surface Deterioration Survey ..................................... 1-8
2.2.1
Bridge Decks................................................................................ 1-8
2.2.2
Concrete Components, Excluding Bridge Decks ........................ 1-8
Corrosion Potential Survey...................................................................... 1-9
2.3.1
Bridge Decks................................................................................ 1-9
2.3.2
Concrete Components, Excluding Deck Slabs ............................ 1-9
Concrete Cover Survey ............................................................................ 1-9
2.4.1
Bridge Decks................................................................................ 1-9
2.4.2
Concrete Components, Excluding Deck Slabs .......................... 1-10
Expansion Joint Survey ......................................................................... 1-10
Concrete Coring and Testing ................................................................. 1-10
2.6.1
Bridge Decks.............................................................................. 1-10
2.6.2
Concrete Components Excluding Bridge Decks ....................... 1-10
Asphalt Sawn Samples and Large Asphalt Strips.................................. 1-11
Grid Layout............................................................................................ 1-11
Detailed Visual Inspections ................................................................... 1-12
Inspection of Cathodic Protection Embedded Hardware....................... 1-12
Conductive Asphalt Resistivity Test...................................................... 1-12
Investigation of Fire Damaged Concrete ............................................... 1-12
Sampling and Testing of Asbestos Duct................................................ 1-12
1-i
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
April, 2007
PLANNING THE CONDITION SURVEY................................................... 1-13
General................................................................................................... 1-13
Sampling and Data Collection ............................................................... 1-13
Plans and Previous Inspections.............................................................. 1-13
Site Visit ................................................................................................ 1-14
Traffic Control ....................................................................................... 1-14
Manpower .............................................................................................. 1-15
Grid Layout............................................................................................ 1-15
3.7.1
General....................................................................................... 1-15
3.7.2
Post-Tensioned Decks with Circular Voids............................... 1-16
Equipment .............................................................................................. 1-16
3.8.1
General....................................................................................... 1-16
3.8.2
General Tools and Materials...................................................... 1-16
3.8.3
Additional Tools and Materials for Asphalt Covered Deck ...... 1-18
3.8.4
Tools and Materials For Resistance Test................................... 1-18
Forms ..................................................................................................... 1-18
FIELD PROCEDURES................................................................................... 1-19
General................................................................................................... 1-19
Detailed Visual Inspection..................................................................... 1-19
Detailed Condition Surveys ................................................................... 1-19
4.3.1
General....................................................................................... 1-19
4.3.2
Photographs ............................................................................... 1-19
4.3.3
Traffic Control ........................................................................... 1-20
4.3.4
Grid Layout................................................................................ 1-20
4.3.5
Cathodically Protected Components.......................................... 1-20
4.3.6
Equipment Calibration ............................................................... 1-20
4.3.7
Corrosion Potential Survey........................................................ 1-20
4.3.7.1
Technique....................................................................... 1-21
4.3.7.2
Procedure for Concrete with
Uncoated Reinforcing Steel ........................................... 1-21
4.3.7.3
Procedure for Concrete with Epoxy Coated
Reinforcing Steel ........................................................... 1-23
4.3.8
Concrete Cover Survey .............................................................. 1-23
4.3.8.1
Technique....................................................................... 1-23
4.3.8.2
Procedure ....................................................................... 1-24
4.3.9
Delamination Survey ................................................................. 1-24
4.3.9.1
Technique ...................................................................... 1-24
4.3.9.2
Procedure ....................................................................... 1-25
4.3.10
Concrete Surface Deterioration Survey ..................................... 1-25
4.3.11
Expansion Joint Survey - Bridge Decks .................................... 1-26
4.3.12
Drainage - Bridge Decks............................................................ 1-27
4.3.13
Concrete Cores........................................................................... 1-28
4.3.13.1
General........................................................................... 1-28
1-ii
4.3.14
4.3.15
4.3.16
4.3.17
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
6.
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
April, 2007
4.3.13.2
Bridge Decks Riding Surface ........................................ 1-28
4.3.13.3
Curbs, Sidewalks, Barrier Walls and Approach Slabs... 1-31
4.3.13.4
Concrete Components, Excluding Bridge Decks .......... 1-31
4.3.13.5
Repairs to Core Holes and Epoxy Coated Rebar ........... 1-31
Asphalt Sawn Samples............................................................... 1-32
Removal of Large Asphalt Strips............................................... 1-33
Inspection of Cathodic Protection Embedded Hardware........... 1-34
Conductive Asphalt Resistance Test (Cathodic Protection) ...... 1-35
Sequence of Operations ......................................................................... 1-35
General....................................................................................... 1-35
Exposed Concrete Components and Exposed Decks................. 1-36
Bridge Decks with Asphalt Wearing Surface ............................ 1-36
LABORATORY TESTING OF CORES....................................................... 1-38
Photographs and Description ................................................................. 1-38
Physical Testing of Concrete ................................................................. 1-38
5.2.1
Compressive Strength ................................................................ 1-40
5.2.2
Chloride Content........................................................................ 1-40
5.2.3
Air Void System ........................................................................ 1-41
Resistivity Testing of Conductive Asphalt (Cathodic Protection) ........ 1-41
Significance of Test Results .................................................................. 1-41
5.4.1
Compressive Strength ................................................................ 1-41
5.4.2
Air Content ................................................................................ 1-41
5.4.3
Chloride Content........................................................................ 1-41
5.4.4
Conductive Asphalt Resistivity (Cathodic Protection).............. 1-43
Retention of Samples ............................................................................. 1-43
THE REPORT ................................................................................................. 1-44
Introduction............................................................................................ 1-44
Contents ................................................................................................. 1-44
Standard Forms ...................................................................................... 1-44
6.3.1
Guide to Completing the Standard Forms ................................. 1-45
6.3.1.1
Structure Identification Sheet ........................................ 1-45
6.3.1.2
Detailed Condition Survey Summary Sheets................. 1-45
Text ........................................................................................................ 1-46
Photographs ........................................................................................... 1-47
Drawings - Detailed Condition Survey.................................................. 1-47
6.6.1
Requirements for All Concrete Components............................. 1-47
6.6.2
Exposed Concrete Components (Excluding Decks) .................. 1-47
6.6.3
Exposed Concrete Decks ........................................................... 1-48
6.6.4
Asphalt-Covered Decks ............................................................. 1-48
REVIEW OF THE REPORT ......................................................................... 1-50
Introduction............................................................................................ 1-50
Reference Data....................................................................................... 1-50
Structure Identification Sheet ................................................................ 1-50
1-iii
7.4
7.5
7.5.1
7.5.2
7.5.3
7.5.4
7.5.5
7.5.6
7.5.7
7.5.8
7.5.9
7.5.10
7.5.11
7.5.12
7.5.13
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
8.
8.1
8.2
Summary of Significant Findings .......................................................... 1-50
Detailed Condition Survey Summary Sheet(s) ...................................... 1-51
Dimensions ................................................................................ 1-51
Cracking..................................................................................... 1-51
Scaling ....................................................................................... 1-52
Concrete Air Entrainment and Compressive Strength............... 1-52
Delamination and Spalling......................................................... 1-52
Concrete Cover .......................................................................... 1-52
Corrosion Potential .................................................................... 1-53
Adjusted Chloride Content at Rebar Level................................ 1-53
Defective Cores and Sawn Samples .......................................... 1-54
Asphalt and Waterproofing........................................................ 1-54
Underside Deterioration (Deck Condition Surveys).................. 1-54
Expansion Joints (Deck Condition Surveys) ............................. 1-55
Drainage (Deck Condition Surveys).......................................... 1-55
Survey Equipment and Calibration Procedures .................................... 1-55
Core Log ................................................................................................ 1-56
Sawn Samples (asphalt covered decks only) ......................................... 1-57
Cathodic Protection Testing Summary Sheet ........................................ 1-57
Photographs ........................................................................................... 1-57
Drawings ................................................................................................ 1-57
OSIM Forms/OSIMS Output................................................................. 1-58
Acceptance of the Report....................................................................... 1-58
Maintenance Prior to Rehabilitation ...................................................... 1-58
REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS.................................................................... 1-59
Ministry's Publications........................................................................... 1-59
Non-Ministry Reference Publications ................................................... 1-59
APPENDICES
1A
STANDARD CONSULTANT'S AGREEMENT FOR DETAILED CONDITION SURVEYS
1B
GRID LAYOUTS
1C
STANDARD FORMS
1D
STANDARD LEGEND
1E
CALCULATING AC RESISTANCE OF EPOXY COATED REBAR
April, 2007
1-iv
