m= EXAMPLE 8-1 A uniform plane wave with E = a,£, propagates in a lossless simple medium (¢, = 4, 4, = 1, 0 = 0) in the +2-direction. Assume that E, is sinusoidal with a frequency 100 (MHz) and has a maximum value of +10°¢(V/m) at = 0 and z=4(m). a) Write the instantaneous expression for F for any t and z b) Write the instantaneous expression for H. ©) Determine the locations where E, is a positive maximum when t = 10~* (5). EXAMPLE 8-2 If F(R) of a TEM wave is given, as in Eq. (8-26), H(R) can be found by using Eq. (8-29). Obtain a relation expressing E(R) in terms of H(R). EXAMPLE 8-3 Prove that a linearly polarized plane wave can be resolved into a right-hand circularly polarized wave and a left-hand circularly polarized wave of equal amplitude. EXAMPLE 8-4 The electric field intensity of a linearly polarized uniform plane wave propagating in the +2-direction in seawater is E = a,100 cos (107zt) (V/m) at z = 0. The constitutive parameters of seawater are ¢, = 72, y, = 1, and @ = 4 (S/m). (a) De- termine the attenuation constant, phase constant, intrinsic impedance, phase velocity, wavelength, and skin depth. (b) Find the distance at which the amplitude of E is 1% of its value at z= 0. (¢) Write the expressions for E(z, t) and H(z, t) at z = 0.8 (m) as functions of 1. EXAMPLE 8-5 When a spacecraft reenters the earth’s atmosphere, its speed and temperature ionize the surrounding atoms and molecules and create a plasma. It has. been estimated that the electron density is in the neighborhood of 2 x 10* per (cm*). Discuss the plasma’s effect on frequency usage in radio communication between the spacecraft and the mission controllers on earth. EXAMPLE 8-6 A narrow-band signal propagates in a lossy dielectric medium which has a loss tangent 0.2 at 550 (kHz), the carrier frequency of the signal. The dielectric constant of the medium is 2.5. (a) Determine a and p. (b) Determine u, and u,. Is the medium dispersive? EXAMPLE 8-7 Find the Poynting vector on the surface of a long, straight con- ducting wire (of radius 6 and conductivity a) that carries a direct current I. Verify Poynting’s theorem.EXAMPLE 8-8 The far field of a short vertical current element I dé located at the origin of a spherical coordinate system in free space is 60rd dé aR BR) = ayFR, = 2 (jE sin ere vin and H(R, 6) =a, ce OF a(i ww sin oem (A/m, EXAMPLE 8-9 A y-polarized uniform plane wave (E,,H,) with a frequency 100 (MHz) propagates in air in the +x direction and impinges normally on a perfectly conducting plane at x = 0. Assuming the amplitude of E, to be 6 (mV/m), write the phasor and instantaneous expressions for (a) E, and H, of the incident wave; (b) E, and H, of the reflected wave; and (c) E, and H, of the total wave in air. (4) Determine the location nearest to the conducting plane where E, is zero. EXAMPLE 8-10 A uniform plane wave (E,, H,) of an angular frequency « is incident from air on a very large, perfectly conducting wall at an angle of incidence 0, with perpendicular polarization. Find (a) the current induced on the wall surface, and (b) the time-average Poynting vector in medium 1. Cabetian w= EXAMPLE 8-11 A uniform plane wave in a lossless medium with intrinsic impe- dance 1, is incident normally onto another lossless medium with intrinsic impedance 8-9 Normal Incidence at Multiple Dielectric Interfaces 1 nz through a plane boundary. Obtain the expressions for the time-average power densities in both media. EXAMPLE 8-12 A déelectric layer of thickness d and intrinsic impedance 7, is placed between media 1 and 3 having intrinsic impedances , and 11, respectively. Determine d and m, such that no reflection occurs when a uniform plane wave in medium 1 impinges normally on the interface with medium 2. 1 EXAMPLE 8-13 The permittivity of water at optical frequencies is 1.75¢9. It is found that an isotropic light source at a distance d under water yields an illuminated circular area of a radius 5 (m). Determine d.EXAMPLE 8-14 A dielectric rod or fiber of a transparent material can be used to guide light or an clectromagnetic wave under the conditions of total internal reflec- tion, Determine the minimum dielectric constant of the guiding medium so that a ‘wave incident on one end at any angle will be confined within the rod until it emerges from the other end. = EXAMPLE 8-15 The dielectric constant of pure water is 80. (a) Determine the Brewster angle for parallel polarization, @,), and the corresponding angle of trans- mission. (b) A plane wave with perpendicular polarization is incident from air on water surface at 0, = 95). Find the reflection and transmission coefficients.