Transformer MVA Sizing
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc.
Transformer MVA Sizing
Based on ANSI C57 and IEC 60076 standards
C
Considers
id multiple
lti l cooling
li stages
t and
d ttransformer
f
types (3-phase & 1-phase)
Considers altitude correction factors
p
Considers temperature correction factors
Load variation
Considers
C id short-circuit
h t i it iimpedance
d requirements
i t
Use connected load or operating load to size the
transformer
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 2
MVA Sizing Page
Transformer
MVA Loading
Short-Circuit
Impedance
Correction limits
Factors & Load
Variation
Sizing Results Consider
Section Growth Factor
for Max. MVA
Larger
Required
Smaller
Impedance
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 3
Temperature Correction
Ambient temperature in degree Celsius
For air cooled transformers use the air
ambient temperature
For water cooled transformers use the water
temperature
Based on C57.92-1981 and IEC 76-2
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 4
Altitude Correction
Derate the transformer capacity based on
altitude of the installation
Derating starts above 1000 m or 3300 ft
Based on C57.92-1981 and IEC 76-2
800 900 1000 1100 1200
meter meter meter meter meter
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 5
Load Variation
Growth Factor
Allowance for future load growth
Load Factor
The ratio of the average load to the peak load
over a designated period of time
Load Factor = 100 x ( kWi x Ti ) / ( kWp x Tt )%
Load Factor = 100 x E / ( kWi x Tt )%
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 6
Where:
I = interval of time when the load is non-zero
kWi = load at interval i
Ti = number of hours of interval i
kWp = peak load
Tt = Ton + Toff
Ton = total hours when the load is on
Toff = total hours when the load is off
E = energy (kWh) consumed by load over the
interval
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 7
Short-Circuit Impedance
Si Requirement
Size R i t
Use Primary Short-Circuit
Short Circuit kA and FLA to
Calculate Impedance
Primary
Pi 3
3-Phase
Ph FLA = MVA / (kVLL *3)
Primary
y 1-Phase FLA= MVA / ((kVprimary)
Zcalculated =100*(FLAprimary / ISC_primary)
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 8
Connected or Operating Load
Connected Load
D
Determine
t i the
th radial
di l load
l d connected
t d tto th
the ttransformer
f
secondary
Can include spare loads for conservative results
Operating Load
PowerStations load flow program determines the power
flow through the transformer
A
Automatically
t ti ll updated
d t d iin th
the ttransformer
f required
i d MVA
field (load flow study case info page option)
Can determine loading in radial or looped systems
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 9
Sizing Results and
A t
Automatic
ti U
Updating
d ti
Sizing results include MVA and % Z for
Required Size (Actual calculated Size)
Next Standard Larger Size
Next Standard Smaller Size
Automatically Update the calculated rated
MVA Max MVA and % Z into the Rating
MVA,
page of the transformer
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 10
Transformer MVA Sizing Page
Update automatically
when you press these
buttons
Transformer
f Rating Page
Transformer Rating Page
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 11
Unit Transformer Sizing
Presented by Farrokh Shokooh
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc.
Unit Transformer Sizing
Based on IEEE C5F-116 Standard
Optimize unit transformer turn ratio
Consider system voltage variation
Consider generation station auxiliary load
Automatically detect generator, cable
impedance and bus nominal kV
Generator reactive vs. capacitive plots
Optimization reports
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 13
Transformer Tap Optimization
Page
Transformer
Impedance
Section System kV
Information
Primary / Secondary
Cable Impedance
Generator
Information
Auxiliary Load
Information
Optimization
Results Section
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 14
Automatic System Parameter
U d t
Update
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 15
Primary Fixed Tap Editor
Use 0.1% Tap Step to obtain best
Optimization results
Set the maximum/minimum fixed tap range
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 16
MVAR Delivery Curve
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 17
Unit Transformer Tap
O ti i ti Reports
Optimization R t
Input Data
Optimal Tap Position
Transformer Power Input and output at
different system voltage levels (system
voltage
lt variation)
i ti )
Generator Power Output
p at different system
y
voltage levels
Generator and System voltage at different
system voltage levels
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 18
ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Slide 19
