CHAPTER 1

Problem and its Scope

1.1 Introduction

Disasters are emergencies that cannot be handled by those affected without outside

assistance. They are caused by natural or manmade events wherein communities

experience severe danger and incur loss of lives and properties causing disruption to their

social structure and to all or some of the affected communities essential functions.

Disasters are inevitable. They are caused by unsustainable development that has not taken

account of possible hazard impacts in that location.

Human-made or induced hazards are threats having elements of human intent,

negligence and error, and involving a failure of a system. Human-induced disasters are a

result of inadequately managed human-induced hazards such as technological,

environmental, socio-economic, political, and security hazards.

As disasters occur, it is observed that emergency responses are experiencing delays. In

these times, a caller, victim or witness, experiences physical and mental incapability that

slows them from relaying critical information such as the address and the cause of the

incident. Since disasters cause the loss of lives and/or other valuables and that emergency

response is necessary, there should be a possible solution that can address to this issue.

The aim of this study is to develop a system that would help to provide a much quicker

emergency response to the persons in need. With the help of existing technologies today,

it is possible that this problem can be addressed.

Disasters are inevitable. Emergency response is a necessity.

In times of incidents, a caller, victim or witness, experiences physical and mental

incapability usually due to shock which makes them unable to communicate to the

emergency responders immediately. Furthermore, the manual method of communicating

to the specific authorities, which uses cellphones to make a call, can also cause issues. Such

as the fact that not all residents have the contact number of the specific emergency response

team, which leads to having the wrong responder arrive on the incident first. Or it can be

that the person who intends to contact the attention of the responder has no prepaid balance

to make a text or call.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The general objective of this project is to design an Emergency Response

Communication System using Hotspot. The project is aimed to meet the following specific

objectives:

1. To identify the features needed in the proposed system;

2. To design and develop a system that will address to the problem; and

3. To evaluate and test the overall system performance.

1.4 Significance of the Study

This study aims to benefit the following:

The Local Government Unit Dapitan City. The city of Dapitan covers a big

area and this study aims to aid the local government in easing their burdens in terms of

security and emergency response to its residents.

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 Residents of Dapitan. The residents benefit from this study in a way that it

connects the local government and the residents to be interactive in emergencies and public

safety.

Tourists of Dapitan City. Since Dapitan City has a lot of tourist spots to offer,

many tourists come to visit the historic Shrine City from time to time. Through this

proposed system, the tourists would see a secured city, and therefore, theyll be more

confident in visiting the place.

Students. As technology continually emerge, this study can be of use to the

students for reference purposes.

1.5 Scope and Delimitation of the Project

The study only focuses on the communication and notification on the emergency

response team. The system is made out of a microcontroller; a WiFi module, LEDs and

push buttons. The microcontroller serves as the brain of the system. Every button of the

system is assigned with a specific responder. For each button to be pressed, the operator

will know what type of respond the person needs and where. The LEDs will serve as an

indicator whether the communication is established successfully or not. The LED will also

serve as an indicator whether or not the system is available.

It is aimed that the device should be placed in an area covered by CCTV in the city

to monitor any false alert. The study does not cover up the possible damage of the system

caused by any other human intervention after the system is placed in the city or any specific

environment.

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1.6 Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Push button 1 (POLICE)

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework Block Diagram

1.7 Definition Of Terms

ANDROID - is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on the Linux

kernel and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as

smartphones and tablets.

ARDUINO - it is a microcontroller board used for sensing things in this world as input,

processing it and controls hardwares as output.

BROWSER - is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing

information resources on the World Wide Web.

COMMUNICATION - a means of connecting people or places.

EMERGENCY - a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or

environment.

Graphical User Interface (GUI) - is a type of user interface that allows users to interact

with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as

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 secondary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command

labels or text navigation.

Internet of things (IoT) - is the internetworking of physical devices, vehicles (also

referred to as "connected devices" and "smart devices"), buildings and other

itemsembedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and

network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data.

NOTIFICATION - is a message you can display to the user outside of your application's

normal UI.

ROUTER - is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer

networks. Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet.

SERVER - is an instance of a computer program that accepts and responds to requests

made by another program, known as a client.

WIFI -is a local area wireless computer networking technology that allows

electronic devices to connect to the network, mainly using the 2.4 gigahertz

(12 cm) UHF and 5 gigahertz (6 cm) SHF ISM radio bands.

WiFi Module connects the arduino board to the internet wirelessly.