6-1. r\o, u.:callynot. for example i.fth!sample is (2.3} tbt mao 1.12..$ wblclt i.J not aaobservatioa i.

ioa i.a tte sample.

X-
L:x,
1 1
-
592 035
= 74.0044 mm
II 8
Samplc,uiaOOt:

..,
:~:::>,- 592.035
8

..,
Ex, 2
- 43813.1803 1

2
(s92.oJs)
43813. 18031 - .!___....L.
= - - - -- --'8 e___
n-1 8- 1
0 000 1569 2
- = 0.0000224 14 ( lllll1 )
7
Samplc&t.llndardck:viarion:
S = ~0.0000224 1 4 = 0.00473 JUJU
n.c: sa mplc &UI Ddn rd deviation tuld also be fo-und using

8 2
n-1 where L:(x,- x} = 0.0001569
I= I

--- ----+------- --+- -------- +---------+ ---------+----- ----diam~ter

73.9920 74. 0000 74 . 0080 74 .0160 74 .0240 74. 0320
ncr~ appmri to be a pot.SibleCMl-tlier ia thtd3t3 set.

Samplevariax:t:

f>,-848 17
,_,
't,x;
,_, -600057949
2
( 84817)
600057949 -
= ------'-'~
12
n- 1
= 564324.92 - 51302.265
II
Sam pic&tonda rd dcvla tlon:

s= .JS 1302.265 = 226.5 yards

T~.e sampleaUI Dda rd dtvi.tt rion tuld also be fouod .:sing

~- 12 2
I:h-x)
,_, -564324.92
Dot Dia,ram: (ro:u.nditlC was 11Slto ereateWdot Ciag.ram)
. .
-+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----Cl
0

6750 6900 70 50 7200 7350 7500

 6-u . &mpl ea'.tt"age:

X =
35 ). 8 = 43.975
8
Sample, "ariance:

8
I >; = 35 1.8
i=l
19
:L:>; =1 6528.403
i=l

2
( 35 1.8)
16528.043 - .l....___JC..

= --------"-
8
n -1 8-1
1057.998
= = 15 1.143
7
Samplestandardde>.iation:

= J l51.143 =1>.'94
Tf!.esamplestandardde-.iationoou.!da lso be found using

s=
t (x,-x/
1J2;.:=1.1- - - -
n -1

where
8 2
I:(x,- x) = 1057.998
I= I
Dot Diagram:

24 .0
+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------
32 .0 40.0 48.0 56 . 0 64 .0

6905
6-13. 11 = O=.;44: Tlte\'8lne.;44 is tlte population mean since: theacttull physical population of a ll flight times during tlt-eoperation is
127
aV3ilable.
 6-15. Samplea,wageof o:ercisegroup:

" ,
I:x
X = i= l 3454.68 = 287 .89
12
"
Sample varianee ofexercise group:

= 34 54.68
l:x,
= 111852 1.54
l:x?
.,,
2

tx~ -
[t x.]
1- 1
1 11 852 1.54 - ( 345468)
2

s2 = t- 1 I n 12
11 -1 12-1
123953.7 1
= 11 268.52
II
Samplestandsrd deviationofexercise group:

'= ~1 1 268.52 =101>.15

Dot Oi.agtilmof exercise group:

"'
. "''
...' . ... - . . "')

Sampleaverage of no o:erci~ group:

n
l:x, 2600.08
X = i= l 325.0 10
8
"
Sample\"arianoe of no exercise group:

" =26oo.o8
I:\
i= l
= 947873.4
I:x;
i= l

2
94 7873 .4 - ( 2600 08)
8
Il -l 8 -1

= 10282 1.4 = 14688.77

7
Samplestandardde>.iationof ooo:ercisegroup:

5= ~1 4688.77 =1,1.20
Dot Oi.agtilmof no exercise group:

.~------~~-------L~
,-~-------~~
~0--------~
.~--------~~------~.~----A-JL~
~
 "
L-\
i= l 57.47
X= = 7. 184
617. n 8

f>]2
[
tx;-- i= l r
! 2 =- ";=-~'-------'-'-- 0.00299 = 0.000427
11 - 1 8- 1 7
s = .J'o.-oo-0-
42-7 = o.o2066

Examples: repcatabilityo! t.J!.e test equipme':lt, time lag btThcen samples. during which the pH of the solution could change, ar..d Opel<~tOr skiU in drawing
tt.es:am pieor using tt.e. instrument.

6-19. a) x =6s.86F
s= J~Ll 6F
Dot Diagram

-+--------- + ---------+---------+--------- + ---------+----- t~mp

30 40 so 60 70 80
b) RemO\i ng tf!.esmaJiest obs.etvation{jl). the sample mean and standard deo.iation b.."''Ome
X :66.8f>F
s= U).74 P

f>-~1 . The medianwi.ll equal tle mode when the sample issymmetric,,itha single mode. Tf"l,{'symmrtryimplies tle mode is a t the center of ~.hi:
sample.

6 23 ~'tern-a nd-l eafd isplay for C)'Cits to tSiJure: u.nit = 100 *-represents 1::!00.

1 OT 3
1 OF
5 OS 7777
10 Oo 8889 9
22 1* 00 0000011111
33 1T 2222222 3333
(15) lF 4444 5555555555
22 1S 66 6677 77777
11 lo 8888 99
5 2* 0 11
2 2T 22

Median = l4$6.:;.Q 1 = 1097.S.aociQj = 173.;.0

No. onlys ont of70 couponssuni\'ed beyond 2000 <:)'Cir..s.

(>2..5 Stem-and-leafdisplay for Problem ~-4 . yield: unit = 1 112 reprcs.eot.s 1:1

1 7o 8
1 8*
7 8T 223333
21 8F 44444444 555555
38 8S 666666 666 67777777
(11 ) 8o 88 8889 999 99
41 9* 000000000 01111
27 9T 22 233333
19 9F 44444444 5555
7 9S 66 6677
1 9o 8

Median= 89.2.jO, Q1 = 86.tOO,andQ = 93.12.5

3

6'7. Samplemro;an isal (lO; I)=3.;.;th obse" a tioo. trmro;an;Sl<j6.;.

Modes are llO~. l~p.; , and 17.50 wltichare t.J!.c most frequent data.

L" \ 98259 = 1403.7

X =-"i="''-
Samp!e mean: n 70

629. Do oot use tlte total asanobse:n -ation. T!t..."l'eare 23obsen'ations.

St.~-::.r.d-lc::.f ~f !lllibr. :>! k iL~=-~~ "t;,ur:. ~ -. 23

~=-f (k.it. .. 100

HB)
5
n
0
OOGCOOCOt:OGCOOOll t

3 0 5
2 0
2
1

1
1
1 1
1 I 6

th
Sample median is a t 1:1 = 3843.

X= _,i="''- 4398.8 I91.0

n
Ssmple mean:
..
Samplevariance: s = 1.;0673.8
23

Samplestandard deviation: s = 388.2

 6-~1 . Stem-and!Cilfdisp!ayfor Prob! em6-~. Strength: unit = 1.0 112 r~resents 1::!

1 532 9
1 533
2 534 2
4 535 47
5 536 6
9 537 5678
20 538 123 45778888
26 539 0 16999
37 54 0 11166677889
46 541 123666688
(13) 54 2 0011222357899
41 54 3 0 11112556
33 544 000124 55678
22 54 5 233 4457 899
13 54 6 23569
8 547 3 57
5 54 8 11257

i-
05 x 100 = 95 * i = 95.5* 95lh pe1tentile is 5479
100

63;3. Stem-and-leafdisplay for Problem 6-::!..5. Yard: unit = 1.0

Note: Mini tab Msdropped tlt.e\ "aJue to the Mgltt oftltedecimaJ to m.akethisdisp!ay.

1 22 6
5 23 2334
8 23 677
16 24 00112444
20 24 5578
33 25 0 111122334444
46 25 5555556677899
( 15 ) 26 00001112333 4444
39 26 56677888
31 27 0000112222233333444
12 27 66788999
4 28 003
1 28 5
n 100
L:x; I:\
Sample Meanx = i= l - l= l 26030.2 = 260.3 ~W'ds
n 100 100
SampleStandard Oeviation

100 100
L:x; = 26030.2 and L:xJ = 67935 12
i= l i=1
2

t x:-[t x] i=J J
26030.2 )'
67 93 5 I2 - -"-----,-,...--''- 17798.42
s2- = i= l n 100
n-1 100-1 99
2
= 179.782 yards
and
s = .J'
17-9-
. 7-8-2 = 13.41 yards

SampJe Median

100 Z60. BS
 63,5. Stem-and-JeafdisplayofProblemf,.:l.7. Rating: unit = 0 .10 112 represents 1.2

1 83 0
2 84 0
5 85 000
7 86 00
9 87 00
12 88 000
18 89 000000
(7) 90 0000000
15 91 0000000
8 92 0000
4 93 0
3 94 0
2 95 00

Sample Meso
n
I:: xi
X = i- l 3578 = 89.45
40
"
SsmpleStandard OC\iation

40 40
I::x; = 3578 and I::xJ= 320366
i= l i= l
2

I::" x
t >?, - [
1=1 J
]
( 3578)
320366 - -'-----'-
2

3 13.9
sl = i=J n 40
n- 1 40 - 1 39
= 8.05
and
s = J8.05 = 2.8
Sample Mediao

V:~.:i.ehlc
,." 90. 000

"i'i./ 40 or .:;.:;5(;ofthe taste tc.st ersoonsid.......-.edtlt.is partict!lar Pinot Noir trulyo:ceptional

6-37. Stem~nd-leafdisplayfor Problem 6-29. Heigh.t: unit= 0.10 * ''represents 1.2

Fe ma l e Stude n t s Mal e Stude nts

0 .61 1
00 62 3
00 63 5
0000 64 9
00000000 6 5 17 2 65 00
0000 66 (4) 3 66 0
00000000 67 16 7 67 0000
00000 68 8 17 68 0000000000
00 69 3 15 ) 69 000000000000000
0 70 1 18 70 0000000
11 71 00000
6 72 00
4 73 00
2 74 0
1 75 0

6-39.
LCwor 1.,1ppor ROl<t.t1VO C\ll'IU laU VQ C\lm. Rol.
<:l a ce Lo1nt1t L1!111t Ml(JpOlnt FrQqu.&ncy F'l'Q(J\lQnCY Fl'Q(l\JOney rrqquenc-.1
------~---WRMM~~-----------~---------~--------~---------------------~--------------
at o r belorw .000 0 .0000 0 . 0000
1 .000 266 . 667 133 . 133 0 .0000 0 . 000 0
2 266.667 531.333 400 . 000 1 .0143 1 .01<6 3
3 533.333 800.000 666 . 667 4 .0571 5 . 0714
4 800 . 000 1066.667 933. 333 11 .1571 16 . 228 6
5 1066 . 667 1333.333 1200.000 17 .2429 n .4714
6 llll. 323 1600 . 000 1466 . 667 15 .2Ul 48 .6857
7 1600.000 1866.667 1733.333 12 .1'?14 60 . 9571
8 1866.667 2133.333
9 2133.333 2400.000
above 2400.000
2000.000
2266 . tHi7 0
2
.1143
.0286
. 0000
68
70
70
. 9714
1.0000
1.0000
Standard Dwvlation = 4.02.l8S

15 -

s-

0 -
Jr 1 1 1 r
1
500 7:1:! 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250
number of c)Cies to failure
 6 -4 I. Frequency ?aDulation tor B:Y.~rc 1s e 6-2S.Y14ld
------------------~----~-------~-----------------------------------~----------------~
LOWilr RelaUvo& cumulative CUD.. Rel.
class Limit ~rt Midpoint rrequO?ncy FTequency Fr~ency Frequency
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a t or belo 77.000 0 0.0000 0 0.0000
1 77.000 79. 40 0 18.200 1 0. 0111 1 0.0111
2 79. 400 81.80 0 80.600 0 0 . 0000 1 0.0111
3 8 1 .800 84 .200 83.000 11 0 .1222 12 0 . ll3l
s6 8.t . 200
86.600
89.000
86.600
89.000
91. 400
85.400
87.800
90.200
18
13
u
0.2000
0. 14.44
0.2111
lO
<3
62
o.nn
0.4778
0.6889
7
8
9
91.400
93 . 800
96.200
93 . 800
96. 200
98.600
92 . 600
95 . 000
97. 400
13
6
0 .1000
0. U44
0 .0667
71
84
90
0.1899
0. 9l3l
1.0000
10 98 .600 101.000 99 . 800
0 0.0000 90 1. 0000
above 101. 000 0 0.0000 90 1 . 0000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tiean = 89.3756 Standard oevlaclon = ;&.llS91
Median = 89 . 25

OD
~
>-
v
c
> 0
"o-
~
~

LL 10

0
' ' '
80 85 90 95 100

6-43. Histogram8bins:

HistogramofCydes to faUure (16 biu)

" ,....,
" ,--
- ,---
1-
......
r- -

2 I-ll
0
'I' n
200 !".00 000 1100 IC 1700 2al() 2m
C)da tofabe Of .rurilumtHtcoupcns

Hist ogram 16 bim:

H.istogum.of PetCent*gc of cotton (8 l i n$)

'
0
laO l ?.a ll.G 34.<1 35.2 360 36.8 37.(;
f'IRltntl!!lohotton-.lnf!W1wileuMd to .,._,.,.fKtq,.. men~ ._irts

Yes. bothoftl:-em g_hetl:-esamesimilar information.

6-45. Hist ogram

Histogram of Energy

i
~ 10

The data areskewed.

 6-47. The h.istog.~<~m for the spot wclds.M.srstrength data sltowsthat thed.<lb a ppear to be oormallydistributed {tJ!.esameshape that a ppears
io Ute stem leaf-disgram).

20 -

_--l

0 L .-I . 1 '
S320 5340 S300 5300 5400 5420 5440 S400 S4SO SSOO
shear strength

6-49. Yes. the ~istogram oft.hedistanced3ta sf!.o,..-s the same shape as tl'.estem-andAeafdisplay in l'Jiercise6f.l3.

20

,-

r-

0 J

2<!) 228 236 244 252 260 268 276 284 292
distance

6.51. Yes, the J!.istogNm oftJ!..ev.;ne rating dsta sltows the same shape as IJ!.estcm-andleafdisplayioo:etcis.e 6-:}.5.

2
1

0
85 90 95
rating

SeUev
V:t:d11.0lc
t.i:r!C': " :-".Clll'\

2. 1, 1.5
:-:edi:t:-.
2 . 1,1,0 0 . 53~ 0. 1.1?9

V:t!'i;:.blc Mi:-.~ ......~ x i:nc..on 01 03

ti= 1 . 750 3. LSO 1 .91 ~ 2. 973

a.) Sllmple Mean: l415

SllmpleStaOOard Deviation: 0-543
b.) Box Plot - The:reare ooontliers in tJ!.edata.

Boxp1otof PerClenta:ge

lO

''
2.0
 655 Oc.scriptiveStatisti<'S

!'': ::Cen St.iJcJ S :-:e~r;

952. (,1. 9S3. 0G 952. -ioi .J. C9 1.03

1/..-:.::ieblc 01 O>
948. CO 957. 00 9<9. 5{1 955. OC

a) Sample Mean: 95 ~.44

Sample Variance: 9-53
Sample standard lk\iation: 3.09
b) Median: 9.:i3; aoyincrease.in ii'.i! largest temperature measurement v.ill not affoct the median.
c)

Box plot of Tefl'll'lrature

957
956

955

~ 9S4
!1. 953
! 952
95>
950
949
948

6-5 i'. Oescriptiw Statistics ofO ting joint temperaturedata

V.:tr ~ llbiC'l
'" .:'.c::.r. Y.c::ikr. rr.:'. c::.r.
66. t:.G
St.UeJ
l:t. t6
S Y.c::.r
1. CJ
"""' 65. 1!6 GLSO

V.1::ilthlc :!b~ .:'.::xb:::n Ol 03

Jl . Qii ~4 . 00 5E . 50 iS. CO
"""' a) Median=67.SO
[.m,er Quartile: Q 1=58.so
Upper Quartile: Qj=75.00
b) Data ''lith !owe.st point remm<OO

V:::ri.::.hlc ~: ~nn ~~i:::n !'::~nn St.Dev S ~nn

35 66. 66 bE:. OO 67. 35 i0. 14 l.E2

""""
1
/n::i.-:hlc Y.ir. ~~:n ~::.x i=::= Q1 03
t.O. OO fN. OO 60. 00 15. 00
""""
The mean and median h.a\oe increasedand the standard d:e\i.ation and difference bet\.o.een t~.i! upper and IOb'et qusrti !e has decres..~.
c) Box Plot: The box plot indicates tha t there isanolltlier int.l'.edata.

Box plot of Tefl'll'lrature

957
956
955

5954
p53
! 9S2

95>

950

949
948

6-59. The box plot s.J!.ows tbesame b.'lsic information as tt,e stem-and-leaf plot b1:t ina ditferi!nt forma t. n ,eolltliers tr.at were separated
from the nujo portionoffl!.estem and leaf plot a res~.own !teN! separated from tt.ewhis km-s.

lk>~plot of Bllllon of kilowatt hours

1800

1600

B
.c
1'100

1200

.-I.
'l;
1000
8<X)
"
&
;; 600
ii
400
'
200

0 I ! I
 64>1. This plot.ils the stem-and-leafone. indicates thst fl!.edata fall mostlyinooe region and thst fl!.e messnrements toh-std t.f!.e codsoftl:-e
range ate more rue.

Box pi~ of Weld Sttergtll

ssoo

S<SO
fi.
~
"'"0
~ 5400

SlSO

64>.}. Wecans.ee that tJt.e ""-o<tistribntioniseem to be centered at different va.lues.

Boxptot of Femal e, Mala

76
*
74
*
72

;,)

~

ll 68

68

64

62

8)
Female .....
64>.;. All disttibJ:tioma:reoenteredatabont tl.esame, oahre, bnt h:nedifferent variances.

Boxplotof Hl!tl Dose, Contrd , Control_ I , Q>ntrd_2

"""'
'""

"""
"' '""
1000 '
sco
0
....... g
""'""" """"'
sec:uon65

64>7. Stem-and-lcafdisplaytOr Force: unit = ! 1!2 repre.s.ents 12

3 17 559
6 19 357
14 19 00 445599
19 20 1399
(5 ) 21 00239
17 22 00 5
14 23 5679
10 24 15 55999
3 25 159

n me Serln f'fotof P\ill~ff force

200

,.,
'"
J,., \ 1 , /I . I
'Ill
~ : \j \ ~
'li ""

100
\j
I

\j \j vJ.
'

~L---------r-----~--~~--~--~--"

rn tlt.-e timeseries plot tft.ere a ppears to be a do'h-mvard trend beg,inning. after timejO. Tlt.estem-and-lesfplot does oot re~oea l this.
 6.f>9. Stem-and-leaf of Wolfer sunspot N = 100
~ef t.lr:it. t. 0

l1 0 Ol2'2~ 1-156i777766B

29 1 00123~456G61

39 2 Oil ~:H~1 2l?

so l 00lt.55617Q9
5~ (, 0!.123~567762

38 5 04579
3~ G 0223"66712
:?J 1 !.P
2~ e 2356
il:i 9 024666
10 lC.I B
B 11 B
' 12 2~5
~ 13 i1E.
1 lt.
1 !.5 -1

n.edata 8 ppe3ts to decrease bet'\,,.teO 1791) aDd 18.35. tf'. estem aod leafpJot indicates skewed data.

10 ro ~ ~

1-
~ oo ~ oo ~ 100

67!. St.c:n-erd-l~:f o! N~~:- of e~t.hql;ekc~ N !10

~ef t.lr:it. l. 0

> 0 .,
0 e&:eE
," L
L
OCCllH
222J'JJJ.n
30 1 44411 55555555555
t9 l G6EEGG6677i
HJ) L BE'I!E1!8t?l?89999
t.< 2 OOOOUlll!l
37 2 2'22222:223333
(4455
25
20 '> GGG61171
1<
10
2
3

01

..
3 22
6
' 15

'
2
3
3
1
' 1

'Nme Series Plot

Time Seri es Pl ot of Number of Earthquakes

1900 1910 1921 1932 1943 1954 1965 1976 1987 1998 2009
Year
 G-n
Normal P robabli ty Plot for 61
Pisoton Ring Diameter
NL h tun.ues9 S'M. Cl

~.,

..
~~
o.., .
.



lO

"
10

'

20 ID
0 "'
Data

TJ!.e pattern of the data indicates that the sample may oot come from a normally distributed population or that the largest obsen':!tion is ao outlier. Note
t he slight bending do\~-nwardofthesampledsta a t botllendsofthegraph.

6-7.;. Tlbere is no evideoct to doubt tJ!.at data are normally distributed

Narral Prcballli\Y Plot b r 65

Visual Accanodation Data

.. ML (fi'U~~s 9~ 0

Ml sff!l3'~
Me;m Cl97S

.," S'Oe'l l \.SOO)

~ .,

iilO
f::!fo
""'
"- <>
!l


"'10

'
0 e1 so oo ro &:'l
Datl

6-n .

Nama I Probe bility Plot b r tempe mtlJ re

Data li'a n eJercise 613
., . Ml.f:~

.,
""
~ ao r"
/ Me;r..
S1w
;;s.a;n
11.'!16!1!1

"ro
~so
<>so
.,.
"- >
..
/l'' 1
10

'

,.
/.. 50 ro ro .,
"" 100
Data

Tt.edata a ppear to be apprm:imately oonnaJ!ydistribnted. Howatt, thi!:te aresome<k!partt:.rrs from the line at ti'.eeorlsoftt.edistti!mtion.

Normal Probability Plot for Cycles to Failure

Dat a from Exercise 6-1 s
Ml. sfmates
., ~ llal.78
see-..
....
5~634
95

c: oo
~ 70
"'"'
Q.~
)!)

""
10
5 I

0 ""'
Data

The data a ppear to beapproximatelynormallydistribl!tcd. However, fl!.erearesomedep.'lrt~>tes from th.e line a t tl>.eends oft~.edistribu.tion.
 Normal Probability Plot for 6-22 ... 6-29
M.. Estirn~te~ - 9 5960

...
95
go
/ . .

.'""""
~
..'""""
., "" -
~
c
<.J
70 -
so -
j
~
~

~ so
40

/:
30 -
,/ I
20 -
10 -
/
,...:
5
'
/.
60 65 70 75
Data

Both populations seem to be normally distributed: morec)\'er. t.J!.e lines seem to be roughly parallel ind:icati~:~g that the population." ma) ha''e the same
\"arianoe and differ only in th.e\aJueoftheir mean.

supplernenta 1Exercls.5
supplemerua1E>:erds.es

6-Sj. Bas.."'<ion tr.edigidot plot and time series pl ots oft~.esedata, ioC.'Ichycar tJ!.e temperature has a similar distribution. [neach )-ut, t~.e
tempm~tnreinc:r-eases nntiJ tJ!.e midyear and tJ!.en it starts to decrease.

0oqXotof2000,2001,2002, 2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009

2000
2001
2002

..
2003
2004 ~

2006
20C6
2007

2006
200& ... 14.4
12.6 13.2 13.8 15.0 15.6 1 6.2
Global Tempera ture

l -

Time S..ries Pl otof2000, 2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, ...

17 V~e
200>
2001
+ =
~"""
' """
~=
.,. 2001
- + - 2W'
_, """
"""

1 23 4 56789 10 12
Non til

St.c.n:-:o_"':d-1e~r !)f Glob:tl !'e:r~pC :-e.tu:-c N ll7

...e~f Unit 0 . 10

5 12 231~~

29 tz 555566666G6G67717i8BB999

,.
42 13 1222:233344-H.:
555566

..
13
Hl) 14 1:122233:33;11
5556666,.
50 "
t5 2"2"33333<1411

,.
39 15
16
55555GG619
oc-oooo u u t 1.12222:122333:33.: H.~

'Nmc~es plot by month O\t:r tO )"-<~ts

Time S..ries PI ot of Global Te"1'8rature

17

n
j\
I
I
I Ii
I, IH
13
J J v
12 ' '
12 24 36 .a' 60 72 '
96 108'
Month
 f,.Ss . The u.ncmplo)ment rate is steady from 21)02002, tt.en it sta.rts irx:reasing. till :1004 and thendecreascssteadilyfrom 2004 to :!008nnd
t.f>.en ioc:reasc.; againdram.aticaJiy in ~009. lt reacln ifs peak up tiJI oow.

Time Series Plot of Unefl1lloyment

13 26 39 52 65 78 91 104 117
Month in 1999 - 2,009

6-8]. a) Samp!e1 Rang.e=4

Sample2 Range= 4
Yes. fl!.e twoappesr tof'.l:hibit tl:-esamevariability.
b) Sample lS = 1.604
&tmple2s= 1.85:1
No. sample 2 has a largerstandardde\iation.
c) Tt.e s:am pie range is a N!lativelycrude measn.re o( tft..e .sample \'aria hili~as oompa red to tft..e samplestandard deviation sinoe tft..e sta OOard
de\i.ation u:scs tlti! information from C\W)'data point in tft..essmple ,~Jt.o:teas the range use; IJ!.e infonnationoontaintd inonlytv.-odata points
- the minimum and maximum.

6-8!). From tJ!.estem-sndlesfdiagram. the distribution looks like tftennifonn distribution. Prom the timeseries pJot. tlt.-:reisan inc:ressing
trend in energyoonsu.mption.

Stc::n- u-..d- leef of r.goe:~n ~ 2~

...e:f U!'lit 100

>
'
7 >
0011
233
9
10
2
> "
7
l3
<31
>
3

001
12 3 23
10 3 -1455
6
3
3
3 ...
667

TIme Series PI ot of Enge<gy

2500

1982 1985 191!l 1991 '

1914 1997 2000 20Ql 2003
Year

IS

~ 10

5 -

0 ,_----,----,-,----,-,---_J
bdex 10 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 90

There a ppears to be a C)'clicvsria tion in lite data with t~.-e high \'aln-eoffl!.eC)'clegeo.."'tiilly iocreasing.. Tlbe high \'aJnesarednring tlt.ev.intcr f!..oliday
mont.Jt$.
b) We miglt.t draw aoot.hetcyclc. with the peak similar to the last ~-es r'sdata h '!)(,Y)at about t2:7 t~.onssnd: bottles.
 6-93. a) St em- and- leaf displ ay f o r Pr oblQil\ 2- Js , unit = 1 12 represo>nts 1 2
1 OT 3
9 OF U 44 5SS
19 OS 6666777777
(7 ) Oo 9999 999
15 1' 111
12 lT 22233
7 1F 4$
S lS 77
3 1o 999

b) Sample A \Wage= 9.3~

SampleStandard Deviation= 44858
c)

The time series pJot indicates therew~sa n iocrease inU..ea\'erage number of nonconforming springs during fl!.e40 d:ays. [o particular, U..e inc:rease
ooc:uroiduring the last 10 days.

61).;. n,egolf OOW'Se ysrdsgedata a ppear to bes.kev.ed.AJso, fl!.ere isanoctl)ing data point Sf)()\'(! 7500 yards.

7500 - '
7400 -
Q) 7300 _...J
rn
"' 7200
'E
~7100
7000
6900 -
l
6200 -

6-<p.

Normal Pro bability Plot fo r Temperat ure

...,
./
NL Estim.-tes
M C1 4.&.~

., ~ ltil349l

~so

"ro
.. ..
a.~"'.., :

..
>0

10
.

' /
.. " Datl "
,.

Tltereappeats to be no aideocethat tlbcdats are not oonnallydistribnted. Tlterearesome repeat points iot~data that Cit use some points to fa ll off the
lioe.

6-99.

285

275 -
"'
"0
~

~ 2EO
c
Q)
g 255 -
~
.!!l
0 245

23$ -

225 I
The plot iDdicat.-s that most baJJs ''fill fa ll somew~.ere in the ~0-:175 rsnge. lngeneral, t.Jt.e population is gronped more toh--ard the hig.hmdoftJ!.e
region. This same typeofinform.ationool!.ld have btcnobtained from the stem-and-leafgrapllof problem f>-2..).
 6 HH.

1100

1000 j_ ..
i
0

900
cI_ L
sao -

700 -
T
~

600
Tria11 Tria12 Tria13 Tria1 4 Trial 5

o There is a diffcreoef: in tl:-e\'3riabilityoft~.e measurements in the: triaJs.Trial! r.as ttt.e most \'atiability in t~.e measurements. Trial
j h:asa small amount ofvariabilityintf!.e msingroupof measurements. but f.l!.ereare: foil! outliers. TriaJ 5 a ppears to have tlbe
least \'aria bility '~itlbout anyoutliers.
o All oftt.e. trials except Trial Htppeat to beoenteredaro.-008.;0. Tri.al1 h.asa I>JgJ.er mcamoaJ~
o AIJ fh~ triaJsappest to fum-: mcaslltements that are greater than tlte: true: vahreof734.:;.
o Tbedifferencein t.J!.e mMsurements in TriaJ 1 mayiodicatea start-up effect in t.J!.ed.sta.
Thcreoould be some bias in the measurements that is centering t.J!.edata ahow tft.e"true~ vah.te.

610j. a) St.c:r.-~l"'ld-lc;U -of Orow:-.i:-q !btc ~ 35

-ettf Unit. ~ 0 . 10

:nee
' ,
5
5
7 129
13
17
9
0455i
1279
It) to 5
11 lt 59
15 12 9

"n 13

0356
11
1

12 15
11 "16
,
" 559"9
5 19

' n 20

' 3

'Nme Series Plots

Time Series Plot of Drowning Rate

225

200 \ I ~
.."'"
~

g> IS O-
;:
"17.5-
~ \)\ /\ ~ \

~ 125-

JOo-
\;
7.5-

5.0- ' - - - . , - - - - - . - - - - . - - - - . - - - - . - - - - . - - - '

1m1m1m1%1 1 1 1~ 1~1 & 1~ ~
Year

b) Oescripthl:~'tatistics: Oro"'-ning Rate

Ql ~:e-:iien 03
0 . E'20 4 . 853 5 . 200 E'. 000 10. 500 !5. 600

Vttr i.ehlc :lex ~

c) Greater awati!llC5Softf!.edangersand drowning pte\'ention programs might fum~ beeneft'ecti\'t.

d) Tl'oe summarystatistics assume a stable distribution and may oot ad..-.quately summarize the data because of the trend p~nt.
 6-1 05.
f= l
9
I>i = 62572 t[ xi]'-
I= I
= 559504 n= 9

L x;-
9[t\ ] i=l . 62572 - 559504
sz = : .IL-_ _....:.:.
..<'= n __ - - --'9<-- = 50.61
,-- n - 1 9- 1
S= ~50.6 1 = 7.11
&btract j(land mu.Jtiply by 10

9
I>?=25792oo
i=-1
[t.xT = 22848400 n= 9

t x~ -
t
[ x] i=l l 2579200 - 22848400
2
r n
= ..!i:.IL -_ _....:.:__ _
5 ---..,..---'9'----= 5061.1
,------'n - 1 9 -1
S = ~506 l.l = 71.14

Yes. tt.e rescaling is bya factor of 10.Ttterefore.s and swocld be r.-:.scaled by mu.ltipl)i.ng .~ by 10 {NSnlting iqp06l.l )ands by 10 (71.14).
SUbtNictingjO from eachvaJu hss ooeft'e::tootlte\oarianoeor standatdde\iation. n Js is becac.se \'laX b ) = o V(X).

11 2 .ot 2 n 2
6-107. Oft!bctwoq~U~ntities L:(Xi - X) and I:(
Xi - ,u.) ,
the quantity 2::(
Xi - X) v.ill besmaller gi\'e ntttat.f t: Jl. This is
- i=-1 i= l i=-1
bccauseX is based on th.eva l ll.(Soft~.e xj 's. Thevalll.('of p maybe quitedifferent for this sample.

6-109. x =8;3.5.oo<r sx = 10-5 '"F

TJ!..e results in oc:
.Y? -~ -i/9X = ;3' 5j9(1l:l.;.OO) = 43>-WC
sy = b sx = <5/9) (lO,S) = j.t.0:!8C

6-m . Yes, in iltiscase. since no upper bound on the last electronieoomponent isava ilable, use a measure ofoorttallocation that is not
dependent on tltis value. Tl>-..111measure is tt.e median.
Xr4) \Sl
Sample Median =
+ 63 75 +
= (>!) howos
2 2
X11 = 65.8 ii
c) inches

n = 37 s. = 2.106
x. = 37(65.81) + 64 = 65 _76
1
"" 37 + I
'7
(37 -1)4.435+ J (64 - 65.81!f
s = \1---------~ 37~+
~'---------
n+l 37
= 2.o98

6-llj. Tlt.e trimmed mean is pulled to,~a rd the median byeliminating outliers.
a) 10% T rimmed Mean = 89.29
b) ~o%TrimmedMea n =S.').l9
Olfterenct is ' l!f)'smsll
c) No. tft.edltfereOOESan!\'ef)'S.m.all,dn.e to a w:ry la rgeda ta set with no significant m:tliers.