Distribution transformers – Presentation  

POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL 1

Chapter - 1

Technical Specification & Parameters

Working Group Members

Mr. P. Ramachandran - ABB Ltd.

Mr. M. L. Jain - EMCO Ltd.

2 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL
 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL 3

CHAPTER - 1

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION & PARAMETERS

INTRODUCTION:

1. Ratings, Voltage Ratio, Tapping range, Impedance and other technical parameters may be selected as per CBIP
Publication No. 295, Manual on Transformers, 2012.

2. This Manual gives the recommended losses for the standardised ratings of power transformers (Annexure - 1.1).
Two ranges of losses are given - High Losses (for maximum specific loadings of current density 3A/mm2 and flux
density 1.7 T at rated tap) and Low Losses (for maximum specific loadings of 2.3 A/mm2 and flux density of 1.6 T
at rated tap). Current Density refers to all taps and flux density refers to at rated tap and voltage. Low losses may
be adopted where the capitalization rates are high (say ` 2 lakhs per no-load loss kW and ` 1 lakh per load loss
kW) and high losses where low capitalization rates are applicable (say ` 1 lakh per no-load loss kW and ` 0.5 lakh
per load loss kW). When fixed maximum losses are specified, transformer buyers need not capitalize the losses
for bid comparison. With fixed losses and using standardised GTP, buyers can compare various bids effectively
and expeditiously. They can compare quoted weights of active materials with standardised losses. Indicated
stray losses and type of conductors (rectangular conductor Vs continuously transposed cable – CTC) can be
compared. Hardness of conductor and epoxy coated CTC gives an indication of short circuit withstand strength
of winding.

3. Where the buyer wants losses different from the above standardised losses, he may get losses from reliable
vendors after indicating the loss capitalization rates or maximum specific loadings. After evaluating the market
losses, fixed losses for the special duty transformers may be decided and bids may be invited for the fixed
losses.

4. The GTPs are prepared in two parts. One is to be specified by buyer and other by vendor. The tick mark ‘ √ ’ is
shown in the column indicate by whom the data is to be filled in.

5. Ratings are also standardised covering 132 kV and above and up to 765 kV class transformers and accordingly
considered in this manual (Annexure - 1.2).

6. List of applicable standards for transformer is enclosed for ready reference (Annexure - 1.3).

Guaranteed Technical Particulars for Power Transformers

A. GENERAL

Item Description  Unit Specified Offered

(by Buyer) (by Vendor)

1 General Information
i) Supplier
ii) Manufacturer √
iii) Place of Manufacture
iv) Type of Transformer (Core/Shell)

2 Applications  
i) Indoor/Outdoor
√
ii) 2Wdg/3Wdg/Auto
iii) GT/Step down/ICT/Station Start up/Auxiliary/Rail Trackside Supply

3 Corrosion Level at Site  

√
i) Light ii) Medium iii) Heavy iv) Very Heavy
4 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL

Item Description  Unit Specified Offered

(by Buyer) (by Vendor)

4 Applicable Standards  
i) IEC: 60076
√
ii) IS : 2026
iii) ANSI C57.12.00

5 Type  
i) Liquid Immersed √
ii) Dry

6 Full Load Rating (HV/IV/LV) MVA √

7 3 Phase/Bank of Three Phase/Single Phase ( A,B,C)   √

8 Rated No Load Voltages (HV/IV/LV) kV

√
Currents (HV/IV/LV) Amp

9 Rated Frequency Hz √

10 Connections and phase displacement symbols (Vector Group)   √

11 Weight Schedules (Maximum) / (Minimum with no negative tolerance)  

  i) Active part kg √
 
  ii) Oil kg √
 
  iii) Tank and Fittings kg √
 
iv) Total Weight kg √

v) Overall dimensions L x B x H mm √

vi) Size of heaviest package L x B x H mm √

vii) Weight of heaviest package kg √

11.a Transport Limitation √

12 LV Winding  

  i) Stabilizing tertiary (Yes/No)   √

ii) Loaded (Yes/No) √

13 Tappings  

  i) OLTC/OCTC   √
 
  ii) Tappings on   √
 
  iii) Variation on   √

iv) Range of variation % √

v) No of Steps   √

vi) Parallel Operation Requirements √

14 Impedance and Losses  

  i) Calculated I2R Loss at rated tap and 75 0C kW √

  ii) Eddy current and stray loss at rated tap and 75 0C (indicative) kW √

  iii) Calculated Load Loss(I2R+Eddy and Stray)at rated tap and 75 0C kW √

  iv) Guaranteed Load loss at rated tap and 75 0C (Max) kW √

 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL 5

Item Description  Unit Specified Offered

(by Buyer) (by Vendor)
HV- HV- IV-
 
IV LV LV
 
  v) Guaranteed Impedance (Base MVA at Principal tap) % √ √ √
  Tolerance % √ √ √
 
  vi) Impedance at extreme tappings
  a) Max. Voltage tap % √
  b) Min. Voltage tap % √
  Tolerance % √
 
vii) Regulation at full load 0.8 pf at 75 0C winding temperature % √

viii) Guaranteed No Load Loss (Max) kW √

ix) Calculated Fan Loss kW √

x) Calculated Pump Loss kW √

xi) Guaranteed Auxiliary Loss (Max) kW √

xii) Guaranteed maximum Magnetizing Current at rated Voltage % √

xiii) Efficiency at rated load, unity PF % √

xiv) Load for Maximum efficiency % √

15 Any limitations in the performance of the required test? √

If Yes, State limitations

16 Deviations from specifications (if any) √

B. MAGNETIC SYSTEM

Item Description  Unit Specified Offered

(by Buyer) (by Vendor)

1 Core Type   √

  i) 3 Phase 3 Limb (3 wound Limbs)

 
  ii) 3 Phase 5 Limb (3 wound Limbs)
  iii) 1 Phase 2 Limb (2 wound Limbs)
 
iv) 1 Phase 3 Limb (1 wound Limb)
v) 1 Phase 4 Limb (2 wound Limbs)
vi) 1 Phase 5 Limb (3 wound Limbs)

2 Type of Core Joint   √

  i) Mitred  
 
ii) Step Lap

3 CRGO
a) Thickness mm √
b) Max. Specific loss at 1.7 T, 50Hz. W/kg √

4 Core bolts in Limb/Yoke Yes/No √

5 Minimum Gross Area of Core/Limb/Yoke/Unwound Limb cm2 √

(May be verified during manufacturing stage)

6 Stacking Factor % √
6 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL

Item Description  Unit Specified Offered

(by Buyer) (by Vendor)

7 Voltage per Turn V √

8 Apparent Core Density for Weight Calculation   √

9 Minimum Net Weight of Silicon Steel Lamination CRGO kg √

(may be verified during manufacturing stage by calculation using input
from item -5)

10  Max Flux density at Rated Voltage and Frequency T √

(may be verified during manufacturing stage by calculation)

12 W/kg at working flux density  w √

13 Building Factor considered   √

14 Calculated No Load Loss at rated voltage and Frequency  kW √

(Net Weight x W/kg x Building factor)

15 Maximum Sound Level dB √

17 Core Isolation test kV √

C. CONDUCTING SYSTEM

Item Description  Unit Offered

(by Vendor)

HV IV LV Reg

 1 Type of Winding
√ √ √ √
Helical/Disc/Layer/interwound

 2 Type of Conductor  
√ √ √ √
PICC/CTC/CTCE/CTCEN/BPICC

 3 Minimum Yield Strength of Conductor N/mm2

√ √ √ √
(0.2% elongation)

4 Maximum Current density at any tap A/mm2 √ √ √ √

5 Bare Weight of copper without paper insulation and lead kg

√ √ √ √
(Minimum)

6 Per Phase Maximum resistance of winding at rated tap @ 75OC Ohm √ √ √ √

7 Number of Turns/Phase   √ √ √ √

9 Dielectric Shielding used   √ √ √ √

 
i) Interleaved winding  
ii) Wound in Shield
iii) Others

10 Magnetic Shielding Used   √ √ √ √

  i) Yoke Shunt on core clamp

 
  ii) Magnetic shunt on tank
 
iii) Electromagnetic (Copper/Aluminum) shield on tank

iv) Others  
 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL 7

D. COOLING SYSTEM

Item Description  Unit Specified Offered

(by Buyer) (by vendor)

1 Type of Cooling   √
i) ONAN ii) ONAN/ONAF iii) ONAN/ONAF/OFAF
iv) ONAN/ONAF1/ONAF2 v) ONAN/ONAF/ODAF
vi) OFAF vii) ODAF viii) OFWF ix) ODWF

2 Percentage Rating Corresponding to Cooling Stages (HV/IV/LV)   √

3 Guaranteed Maximum Temperature rise at 1000m altitude  

  i) Top Oil by Thermometer 0

C √

  ii) Average Winding by resistance 0

C √

  iii) Winding Hot Spot 0

C √

4 Type of Cooler  

  i) Radiator Bank  

ii) Oil to Air Heat Exchanger

  iii) Oil to Water Cooler (Single Tube)  

  iv) Oil to Water Cooler (Double Tube)   √

  v) Tank Mounted  

  vi) Header Mounted  

  vii) Separately Mounted  

5 Cooling Fans  

  i) Type  

  ii) Size mm 

  iii) Rating (kW)  kW √

  iv) Supply Voltage V 

  v) Quantity (Running + Standby) No. 

6 Oil Pumps  

  i) Type

  ii) Size

  iii) Rating (lpm and kW) lpm

√
kW

  iv) Supply voltage V

  v) Quantity (Running + Standby)  No.

7 Coolers (Oil to Air)  

  i) Quantity (Running + Standby)  No. √

  ii) Type   √

iii) Rating √
8 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL

8 Coolers (Oil to Water)  

  i) Quantity (Running + Standby)  

 
  ii) Type and Rating  
 
  iii) Oil flow rate lpm
  √
iv) Water flow rate lpm

v) Nominal Cooling rate kW

vi) Material of tube  

9 Radiators:

Width of elements mm

Thickness mm
√
Length mm

Numbers No.

E. DIELECTRIC SYSTEM

Item Description Unit Specified Offered

(by Buyer) (by Vendor)

1 Geometric Arrangement of winding with respect to core   √

e.g.: Core-LV-IV-HV-Reg Coarse-Reg Fine

2 Regulating Winding  

  i) Body Tap √

ii) Separate   √

3 HV Line Exit point in winding  

  i) Top √

ii) Center   √

4 Varistors used across Windings Yes/No √

  If yes, give details   √

Offered
(by Vendor)

5 Insulation Levels   HV IV LV HVN IVN

  i) 1.2/50 μs Impulse kVp

 
  ii) Chopped Impulse kVp
 
  iii) Switching Impulse kVp √ √ √ √ √

iv) AC (Short duration / Long duration) kVrms

v) Max PD level at 1.5 PU PC

 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL 9

F. ACCESSORIES

Item Description  Unit Specified Offered

(by Buyer) (by Vendor)

1  Tap Changers  

  i) Control   √
a-Manual b-Automatic c-Remote d-Local
  ii) Voltage Class and Current Rating of Tap Changers   √

  iii) Make and Model   √

  iv) Make and Type of AVR   √

  v) Power Supply for control motor   √

(No of Phase/Voltage/Frequency)
  vi) Rated Voltage for control circuit   √
(No of Phase/Voltage/Frequency)
2  Tank  

  i) Tank Cover : Conventional/Bell/Bottom Plate √

Tank cover : Bolted /Welded
ii) Plate thickness : side, bottom, cover mm √

  iii) Rail Gauge AXB mm √

  iv) Minimum Clearance height from rail for lifting Active Part mm √

  v) Wheels : Numbers/Plane/Flanged/Uni-Directional/   √
Bi-Directional/Locking Details
  vi) Vacuum withstand Capability mm of Hg √

vii) Tank/Radiators/Conservator/Accessories √

  viii) Radiator fins / conservator plate thickness  mm √

Offered
(by Vendor)
3  Bushings   HV IV LV HVN/IVN

i) Termination Type  
a - Outdoor b - Cable Box (oil/Air/SF6) c - Plug in Type
  ii) Type of Bushing : Porcelain/OIP/RIP  

iii) Bushing housing - Porcelain / polymer

  iv) Rated Voltage Class kV

  v) Rated Current A

  vi) Rated 1.2/50 us Impulse Withstand kVp √ √ √ √

  vii) Rated One minute AC withstand, Dry kVrms

  viii) Minimum Creepage Distance mm

ix) Make and Model

x) Terminal Pad details

xi) BCT Requirements

10 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL

Item Description  Unit Offered

(by Vendor)

4  Indicative  

  i) Winding temperature thermometer  

  ii) Oil temperature thermometer  

iii) Temperature sensors by Fibre optic

  iv) Oil actuated/gas operated relay  

  v) Pressure Relief Device  

  vi) Dehydrating Breathers  

  vii) Conservator Bag(air cell)  

  viii) Oil level Indicators   √

  Main Conservator  

  OLTC Conservator  

  ix) Oil Sight Window  

  Main Tank  

Main Conservator

  OLTC Conservator  

x) Tap Changer protective device

  xi) Bushing CTs  

5  Transformer Oil  

  i) Grade as per IEEMA spec (see Chapter 6 of this Manual) /  

IEC60296
Inhibited / Uninhibited √

ii) Spare oil as percentage of first filling

iii) Manufacturer

6 Press Board
i) Make √
ii) Type

7 Conductor Insulating Paper

(Kraft paper, thermally upgraded Kraft paper, Nomex) √
 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL 11

ANNEXURE 1.1

Legend: NLL - No Load Loss in kW; FLL - Full Load Loss in kW; AL - Auxiliary Loss in kW

STANDARDISED LOSSES FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS

145kV CLASS TRANSFORMER

[Link] MVA IMPEDANCE HIGH LOSS LOW LOSS

% NLL/FLL/AL NLL/FLL/AL

1 7.5 8.35 8.5/45/- 7/35/-

2 10 10 12/80/- 8.5/70/-

3 12.5 10 14/100/- 10/80/-

4 16 10 15/110/- 11/100/-

5 20 10 17/130/- 12/110/-

6 25 10 18/140/- 14/115/-

7 31.5 12.5 20/150/- 18/125/-

8 40 12.5 25/185/- 20/140/-

9 50 12.5 30/200/- 25/160/-

10 63 12.5 32/240/5 27/190/4

11 80 12.5 40/275/6 32/230/5

245kV CLASS TRANSFORMERS

[Link] MVA IMPEDANCE HIGH LOSS LOW LOSS

% NLL/FLL/AL NLL/FLL/AL

1 50 12.5 33/215/- 26/160/-

2 80 12.5 44/280/6 35/235/5

3 100 12.5 55/320/8 45/270/7

4 125 15 60/370/9 55/300/8

5 160 15 74/445/11 64/365/10

245kV CLASS TRANSFORMERS(GT)

[Link] MVA IMPEDANCE HIGH LOSS LOW LOSS

% NLL/FLL/AL NLL/FLL/AL

1 140 12.5 80/400/10 65/340/10

2 250 14 130/600/13 110/500/12

3 315 14 140/750/16 130/650/15

4 600(3*200) 14 100/450/14 80/380/12

245kV CLASS TRANSFORMERS (AUTO)

[Link] MVA IMPEDANCE HIGH LOSS LOW LOSS

% NLL/FLL/AL NLL/FLL/AL

1 100 12.5 30/240/6 25/210/6

2 160 12.5 38/350/8 35/300/8

3 200 15 45/430/12 40/330/12

12 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL

400kV CLASS AUTO - TRANSFORMERS

[Link] MVA IMPEDANCE HIGH LOSS LOW LOSS

% NLL/FLL/AL NLL/FLL/AL

1 100(400/132/33) 12.5 60/300/8 50/250/8

2 200(400/132/33) 12.5 80/400/10 65/325/10

3 315(400/220/33) 12.5 95/565/15 75/520/15

4 500(400/220/33) 12.5 150/700/18 120/650/16

5 3*105 12.5 50/175/7 40/165/8

6 3*166.67 12.5 60/250/12 50/210/12

7 3*200 12.5 65/300/13 60/260/13

8 3*250 12.5 78/360/15 70/310/15

9 100 12.5 45/300/8 40/270/8

10 200 12.5 76/400/10 65/350/10

11 315 12.5 95/550/13 78/440/13

12 500 12.5 140/600/16 115/600/16

13 3*105 12.5 37/195/6 33/185/6

14 3*166.7 12.5 48/270/11 42/250/11

15 3*200 12.5 60/350/12 55/320/12

16 3*250 12.5 70/420/15 60/380/15

420kV CLASS TRANSFORMERS (GT)

[Link] MVA IMPEDANCE HIGH LOSS LOW LOSS

% NLL/FLL/AL NLL/FLL/AL

1 250 14.5 150/600/14 140/550/12

2 315 14.5 175/650/16 160/600/14

3 3*200 14 120/410/12 110/380/12

4 3*260 14.5 135/500/14 125/460/14

5 3*333 15 157/615/6 140/580/16

800kV CLASS TRANSFORMERS (AUTO)

[Link] MVA IMPEDANCE HIGH LOSS LOW LOSS

% NLL/FLL/AL NLL/FLL/AL

1 3*333 14 74/510/15 55/400/8

2 3*500 14 83/660/16 62/510/10

800kV CLASS TRANSFORMERS(GT)

[Link] MVA IMPEDANCE HIGH LOSS LOW LOSS

% NLL/FLL/AL NLL/FLL/AL

1 3*200 15 75/464/35 70/280/10

2 3*260 15 92/565/40 92/340/12

3 3*333 15 125/650/40 115/495/12

 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL 13

ANNEXURE 1.2

LIST OF TRANSFORMER RATINGS

CONSIDERED IN STANDARDISATION MANUAL
Type 132KV 220KV 400KV 765KV
Two Winding 132/33 kV, 220/66 kV, - -
Transformers 40/50 MVA 100 MVA
Auto Transformers 132/66 kV, 220/132 kV, 400/220/33 kV, 765/√3 // 400/√3
40/50 MVA 100 MVA, 3Ø 315 MVA, 3Ø & 333 MVA, 1 Ø
500 MVA, 3Ø 500 MVA, 1 Ø

132/33 kV, 220/132 kV, 400/220/33 kV

25/31.5 MVA 160 MVA, 3Ø 167 MVA, 1 Ø
Generating - 15.75/235 kV, 3Ø 15.75/420 kV, 21/765 kV,
Transformers 315 MVA 315 MVA, 3Ø 260 MVA, 1Ø

21/420 kV, 21/765 kV,

200 MVA, 1Ø 333 MVA, 1Ø

21/420 kV,
260 MVA, 1Ø

21/420 kV,
333 MVA, 1Ø
14 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL

ANNEXURE 1.3

List of applicable Standards for Transformers

1. APPLICATION GUIDES

Particulars IEC ANSI/IEEE

Transformers 60076-8 ed1.0 -

Converter Transformers 61378-3 -

Tap Changers 60214-2 -

Transformers using High Temp. Insulation 60076-14 ed1.0-2013 IEEE 1276-1997

Materials

Transformers connected to Generators - C57.116-1989

Transformers for non-sinusoidal currents - C57.110-2008

(loads with Harmonics)

Loss Evaluation Guide - C57.120-1991

Phase shifting transformer 62032 ed2.0 C57.135-2012

(Application, Specification, Testing Guide)

Terminal Marking & Connections TR 60616-1978 C57.105-1978 (Connections)

C57.12.70-2000 (Terminal markings)

Apparatus Bushings - C57.19.100-1995

Standard Terminology 60050-421 C57.12.80-2010

Through fault current duration-

(Equipment damage curves)
Dry - C57.12.59-2001
Oil filled C57.12.109-1993

Insulation co-ordination 60071-1,2,3 1313.1-1993 (Definition & principles)

60664-1 (Low voltage) 1313.2-1999 (Application guide)

Preferred Voltage Ratings 60038-2009 1312-1993

Transformers for Nuclear Generating - 638-1992

station

Bar coding of Distribution transformers - C57.12.35-2007

Selection of insulators for polluted TS 60815-2008 -

environments

Permissible temperature rise for terminal 60943-1998 -

Bushings - Seismic Qualification TS 61463-2000 -

Seismic Guide for Transformers & Reactors - C57.114-1990 (withdrawn in 1996)

Recommended Practice for Seismic design - 693-2005

of substations

Direct connection details between 61639-1996 -

transformers & GIS
 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL 15

Particulars IEC ANSI/IEEE

Determination of sound level 60076-10-1 (2005)ed1.0 C57.136-2000

Guide for sound abatement C57.12.58-1991

Cleaning of Insulators - 957-2005

Occurrence and Mitigation of Switching - C 57.142/ 2010

transients induced by transformers

Standard Terminology 60050-421-1990 C57.12.80-2010

Metric conversion of transformer - C57.144-2004

standards

Transient Voltage Analysis of Dry type - C57.12.58-1991

transformer Coil

Determination of maximum winding - IEEE Std 1538-2000

temperature rise in liquid filled
transformers

Electrical Power System Device Function 61850-7-4 C37.2-2008

Numbers, Acronyms, Contact designations

Recommended electrical clearances in air - IEEE Std 1427-2006

insulated electrical power substations

Guide for protecting Transformers - C37.91-2008

Guide for protection of network
Transformers C37.108-2002
Guide for Protection of Shunt Reactors
Application of CTs used for Protective C37.109-2006
Relays
C37.110-2007

Safety of Transformers - EMC requirements 62041 ed2.0-2010 -

2. Specifications

Particulars IEC ANSI/IEEE

-Oil filled 60076-1 ed3.0-2011 C57.12.00-2006

-Dry 60076-11 ed1.0 C57.12.01-2005

-Self protected liquid filled transformer 60076-13 ed1.0 -

-SF-6 filled 60076-15 -

-Converter transformer 61378-1 ed 2.0 (2011-07) C57.18.10-1998

-HVDC transformer 61378-2 C57.129- 2007

-Traction transformer 60310-2004

-Phase shifting transformer 62032-2005 C57.135-2005

Transformers < 230 kV, - C57.12.10-1997

1~10 MVA single phase,
0.8~100 MVA 3 Phase

Overhead distribution transformers - C57.12.20-2005

< 500 kVA, 34.5/13.8 kV
16 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL

Particulars IEC ANSI/IEEE

Pad mounted 3 Phase DT - C57.12.22-1993

< 2.5MVA 34.5/0.48kV

Pad mounted single Phase DT < 167 kVA - C57.12.25-1990

34.5/0.48kV
With separable HV Connector

Pad mounted 3 Phase DT - with insulated - C57.12.26-1992

HV connectors
< 2.5MVA 34.5/­­­­____kV with separable HV
connector

Pad Mounted Compartmental type Single - C57.12.21-1992

Phase Distribution Transformers
(HV 34.5 kV / LV 240-120 V ≤167 kVA)

Pad mounted 3 Phase DT - C57.12.34-2004

< 5 MVA 34.5/0.48kV

Enclosure Integrity-Pad mounted - C57.12.28-2005

Enclosure Integrity-Pad mounted for - C57.12.29-2005

coastal environments

Enclosure Integrity-Pole mounted - C57.12.31-2002

Enclosure Integrity-Submersible equipment - C57.12.32-2002

Electronics Power Transformers - IEEE Std 295-1969

Liquid immersed distribution substation - C57.12.36-2007

transformers

Secondary network transformers – subway - C57.12.40-2006

and vault type

Secondary network protectors - C57.12.44-2005

Ventilated, Dry type power transformers - C57.12.51-1981

1~500 kVA single phase
15~500 kVA 3 phase

Sealed, dry power transformers - C57.12.52-1981

> 0.5 MVA 3 phase 34.5 kV

Dry type transformers used in unit - C57-12.55-1987

substations

Transformers for Wind Turbine applications 60076-16 ed1.0(2011-06) -

Step Voltage Regulators_standard 60076-21 ed1.0 -

requirements ,terminology and test code (2011-12)

Design, testing and application of liquid 60076-4 ed1.0 (2013) PC57.154/D9.1-2012-06

immersed transformers using high
temperature insulation
 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL 17

3. Testing

Particulars IEC ANSI

Testing 60076-1 ed2.1

-General, Dry transformer C57.12.91-2001
-General, oil filled C57.12.90-2010
-HVDC transformer C57.129-2007

Dielectric tests 60076-3 ed3.0-2013 C57.12.90-2006

Temperature rise test 60076-2 ed3.0 -2011

-Oil filled C57.12.90-2006,
-Dry transformer IEEE 1538-2000
-Determination of hot spot temperature of C57.134-2000
dry type transformer

Impulse/ switching surge test 60076-4 ed1.0 C57.98-1993

Recommended practice for impulse test of C57.138-1998
distribution transformer

Short circuit withstand requirements & 60076-5 ed3.0 C57.12.90-2006

testing

Loss measurement - C57.123-2010

Temperature rise test for Overload - C57.119-2001

PD testing 60270-2000 / 60076-3-2000

-Oil filled C57.113-1991
-Acoustic C57.127-2007
-Dry Transformer C57.124-1991

Test for thermal evaluation of dry - C57.12.60-1998

type transformers (Cast resin & Resin
encapsulated)

Test for thermal evaluation of dry type - C57.12.56-1986

transformers (Ventilated dry type)

Test for thermal evaluation of dry type - IEEE 259-2004

transformers (Dry type specialty and
general purpose)

Guide for determination of maximum - IEEE 1538-2000

winding temperature rise in liquid filled
transformers

Test procedure for thermal evaluation of - C57.100-2011

insulation systems for liquid immersed
transformers

Measurement of frequency response 60076-18 ed1.0(2012-07) C57.149 -2012

Determination of uncertainties in loss 60076-19 ed1.0(2013) -

measurement
18 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL

4. Transformer Oil

Particulars IEC ANSI / IEEE / ASTM

Mineral Oil Specifications 60296-2012 ASTM D3487-08

Mineral Oil- Recycled Oil 62701 ed1.0-2013 -

Silicone Oil Specifications 60836-2005 ASTM D4652-1987

Natural Ester Oils 62770 ed1.0- 2013 -

Organic Ester Oil Specifications 61099-1992 -

Synthetic Aromatic oil specifications 60867-1993 -

Mineral oil Maintenance 60422-2005 C57.106-2013

Natural Ester oil maintenance - C57.147-2008

Silicon oil maintenance 60944-1988 C57.111-1989

Synthetic Organic Ester Maintenance 61203-1992 -

Hydrocarbon fluid maintenance - C57.121-1998

Sampling 60475-1974 ASTM D923-97

60567-2005 ASTM D3613-98

BDV 60156-1995 ASTM D1816-97

ASTM D 877-00

Oxidation stability 61125 ASTM D2440

ASTM D2112-01

Water content 60814 ASTM D1533-05

DGA - Interpretation of results 60599-1999 C57.104-2008

DGA - Bushings TS 61464-1998 -

DGA – OLTC - C57.139-2012

DGA –During factory test 61181-2007 PC57.130/D17-2006

DGA – Sampling 60567-2005 -

DGA – Test method - ASTM D 3612-01

DGA – Silicone oil filled transformers - C57.146-2005

Reclamation of Oil - IEEE 637-1985 (R2007)

DGA –Ester Fluids - PC57.155D4

 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL 19

5. Accessories

Particulars IEC ANSI

Tap changers 60214-1 C57.131-2012

Bushing
-General 60137-2008 C57.19.00-2000
-HVDC Bushings - C57.19.03-1996
-Dimensions - C57.19.01-2000
-Terminals 60518-1975 -
Bushing Application Guide - C57.19.100-1995
Bushings - Seismic Qualification - TS 61463-2000

Reactors
-Specifications C57.21-2008 (Shunt)
-Testing 60076-6 C57.16-1996
-Dry type series

-Smoothing reactors for HVDC - IEEE 1277-2000

Induction voltage regulator C57.15-1999

Control Cabinet C 57.148-2011

6. Raw Materials

Particulars IEC ANSI

Winding Wires:
Paper tape covered Rectangular Wire 60317 ed4.0- 2013 -

Magnetic Materials -
Part 8-7-Specifications
for individual materials (Cold-rolled grain-
oriented electrical steel strip -
61061-3-1
and sheet delivered in the fully processed
state).

Non-impregnated densified ,laminated

wood for electrical purposes :
Part 1 Definitions
Part 2-Methods of Test 60404-8-7 ed3.0—2008 -
Part 3-1 Specifications for Sheets
Part 3-2 Specifications for rings

Electrical Papers -
Part 1 Definitions 60554-1
Part 2 Methods Of Test 60554-2
Part 3-1General Purpose Paper 60554-3-1
Part 3-2Capacitor Paper 60554-3-2
Part 3-3 Crepe Paper 60554-3-3
Part 3-4 Electrolytic capacitor paper 60554-3-4 -
Part 3-5 Special Papers 60554-3-5

Non cellulosic Electrical Paper

Part3-3 Unfilled aramide(aromatic 60819-3-3 ed3.0-2011
polyamide)
20 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL

Particulars IEC ANSI

Pressboard and press paper for electrical

purposes
Part 1 Specifications 60641-1
Part 2 Methods of Test 60641-2
Part 3 -1 Press Board 60641-3-1ed2.0-2008
Part 3-2 Press Paper 60641-3-2
-
Laminated Press Board
Part 1Definitions 60763-1 ed2.0-2010
Part 2 Methods of Test 61628-2 ed1.1-2007
Part 3-1 Laminated pre compressed Press 60763-3-1 ed2.0-2010
Board

7. Installation, Operation & Maintenance

Particulars IEC ANSI/ IEEE

Guide for Transportation of Transformers

57.150-2012
&Reactors

Installation & maintenance

-Oil filled Transformer - C57.93-2007
-Dry type Transformer - C57.94-1982

Loading guide
- Oil filled Transformer 60076-7 ed1.0(2005-12) C57.91-2011
- Dry type transformer 60076-12 ed1.0(2008-11) C57.96-1999

Failure investigation - C57.125-1991

Reporting failure data - C57.117-1986

Evaluation and Reconditioning of oil filled

- C57.140-2006
transformers

Diagnostic field testing - C57.152-2013

Monitoring of transformers & accessories - C57.143-2012

Substation-Fire protection
979-1994(R2004)
Containment &control of oil spills in -
980-1994(R2001)
substations

Guide for the design, construction and

operation of Electric Power substations for
- 1127-1998
community acceptance and environmental
compatibility
 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL 21

8. Operation & Maintenance:

Item CIGRE Brochures IEEE Standard IEC Standard

Operational 170-2000 Static Electrification C57.91-2011 Loading Guide for Oil 60076-7:2005
Problems 228-2002 Ageing Process Immersed Loading Guide
323-2007 Ageing of Cellulose Transformers for Oil Immersed
349-2008 Moisture Equilibrium and C57.96-1999 Loading Guide for Dry Transformers
migration in insulation system Type Transformers 60905-1987
378-2009 Copper sulfide in insulation Loading Guide
393-2009 Thermal performance of for Dry type
Transformers Transformers
445-2012 Maintenance

Life 227-2003 Life Management Techniques C57.93-2007 Installation & 60422-2005

Assessment 248-2004 Economics of Management Maintenance of Maintenance
298-2006 Life time Data Management Transformers of Oil
413-2010 Oil regeneration and C57.106-2002 Maintenance of Oil
Dehalogenation C57.140-2006 Evaluation &
Reconditioning
637-1985(R2007) Reclamation of Oil

Diagnostics 254-2002 Dielectric Response 62-1995 (R2005) Diagnostic Field 60076-18-2012

296-2006 Recent developments in the Testing of Transformers SFRA
interpretation of DGA & Reactors 60567-2011
342-2008 SFRA C57.104-2008 DGA of Oil Sampling of
343-2008 Recommendations for Condition C57.117-1986 Guide for reporting gases for DGA
Monitoring and condition failure data of 60599-1999
assessment facilities for transformers DGA
transformer C57.125-1991 Guide for Site failure interpretation
414-2010 Dielectric response methods for investigation of
transformer windings Transformers
420-2010 Life Time Condition Assessment C57.146-2005 DGA of Silicon Oil
436-2010 Experiences in service with new filled Transformers
Insulating Liquids C57.200-2000 PD detection by
443-2010 DGA on non-mineral oil and Accoustics
OLTC oil. PC 57.139 D12-2009 DGA of OLTC Oil
444-2010 Guide lines on unconventional PC 57.143 D21-2010 Transformer
PD measurements Monitoring
494-2012 Furanic Compounds for
Diagnosis
22 POWER TRANSFORMER - STANDARDISATION MANUAL

9. CIGRE Brochures for Asset Management of T&D equipment:

Standing A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 D1 Other SC’s

Committee/ Transformer HV Cables Lines Substations Asset Material
Product Equipments Management

Condition 393 083 - - 300 - 226 SC A1:

Assessment 436 259 380 437, 386
& Monitoring WG 381
A3.06 400

End of Life 227 165 358 353 252 422 296 -

Issues 368 409
414

Risk 248 - - - 300 309 420 SC C3 :

Management 472 327 340,383
and AM 422
Decision
Making

Grid - 335 - 385 - 176 - -

Development 336

Maintenance 445 259 279 230 380 - - -

Processes 319
& Decision
Making

Collection 298 - - - - - - SC B5: 329

of Asset SC D2: 341
Data and
Information