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of 131
[Link]
[Link].I
acknowledgewiththanksthededicatedeffortsandvaluablecontributionofDrAlkaMehrotra,
C o o r d i n a t o r
ofthisprogrammeandotherteammemberswhocontributedandfinalisedthemanuscript. I especially thank Professor Krishna Kumar,
Director
,andProfessorG. Ravindra,
J o i n t D i r e c t o r
, NCERT for their administrative support and [Link] teachers and
subject experts who participated in the reviewworkshop and provided their comments and suggestions which helped in therefinementofthis
[Link].H
UKUM
S
INGH
P r o f e s s o r a n d H e a d
Department of Education inScienceandMathematicsNewDelhi
vi
M
EMBERS
Anjni Koul,
S e n i o r L e c t u r e r
, DESM, NCERT, New DelhiBrahm Parkash,
Professor
, DESM, NCERT, New DelhiI. P. Aggarwal,
Professor
, Regional Institute of Education, NCERT, BhopalR. S. Sindhu,
Professor
, DESM, NCERT, New DelhiRuchi Verma,
L e c t u r e r
, DESM, NCERT, New Delhi
M
EMBER
-
COORDINATOR
Alka Mehrotra,
R e a d e r
, DESM, NCERT, New Delhi
L
ABORA
TOR
Y
M
ANUAL
D
EVELOPMENT
T
EAM
The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)acknowledges the valuable
contributions of the individuals and the organisationsinvolvedinthedevelopmentofManualforChemistryPracticalsfor Class XII. The
following academicians contributed very effectively for thereview of the manuscript of this manual : D. S. Rawat,
R e a d e r
, Departmentof Chemistry, University of Delhi; Haritima Chopra,
R e a d e r
,MaitreyiCollege,N ew Delhi; K. G. Trikha,
R e a d e r ( R e t i r e d )
, A.R.S.D. College, New Delhi;M. S. Frank,
V i c e P r i n c i p a l
,[Link]’sCollege,Delhi;SamtaGoel,
R e a d e r
,Zakir Hussain College, New Delhi; S. G. Warkar,
L e c t u r e r
, Delhi College of Engenering, Delhi; Sunita Bhagat,
R e a d e r
, A.R.S.D. College, New Delhi;K. K. Singh,
PGT
, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi; Mona Rastogi,
S e n i o r H e a d m i s t r e s s
, ITL Public School, Dwarka, New Delhi; Nivedita Bose,
PGT
, Bluebells School, New Delhi, Nishi Saraswat,
PGT
, Kendriya VidyalayaNo.1, Delhi Cantt. We are thankful to them. We also acknowledge thecontribution of Sunita Kumari,
JPF
. Special thanks are due to Hukum Singh,
P r o f e s s o r a n d H e a d
, DESM, NCERT for his administrative support. The Council also acknowledges the support provided by the
administrativestaff of DESM; Deepak Kapoor,
I n c h a r g e
, Computer Station, Ishwar Singh,Nargis Islam
D T P O p e r a t o r
for refining and drawing some of the illustrations;R i t u J h a ,
D T P O p e r a t o r
; K. T. Chitralekha,
C o p y E d i t o r
.TheeffortsofthePublication Department are also highly appreciated.
A
CKNOWLEDGEMENT
F
OREWORD
P
R E F A C E
U
NIT
- 1 : C
OLLOIDS
•T o p r e p a r e ( a ) l y o p h i l i c s o l ; a n d ( b ) l y o p h o b i c
s o l • T o p u r i f y p r e p a r e d s o l b y d i a l y s i s • To
s t u d y t h e r o l e o f e m u l s i f y i n g a g e n t s i n
s t a b i l i s i n g t h e e m u l s i o n s o f d i f f e r e n t o i l s
U
NIT
- 2 : C
HEMICAL
K
INETICS
• To
s t u d y t h e e f f e c t o f c o n c e n t r a t i o n a n d
t e m p e r a t u r e v a r i a t i o n r e s p e c t i v e l y o n t h e r a t e
o f r e a c t i o n b e t w e e n s o d i u m t h i o s u l p h a t e a n d
h y d r o c h l o r i c a c i d •T o s t u d y t h e e f f e c t o f v a r i a t i o n
i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f i o d i d e i o n s o n t h e r a t e o f
r e a c t i o n o f i o d i d e i o n s w i t h h y d r o g e n p e r o x i d e
a t r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e •T o s t u d y t h e r a t e o f
r e a c t i o n b e t w e e n p o t a s s i u m i o d a t e (KIO
3
) and sodium sulphite (Na
2
SO
3
)
U
NIT
- 3 : T
HERMOCHEMICAL
M
EASUREMENT
•T o d e t e r m i n e t h e e n t h a l p y o f
d i s s o l u t i o n o f c o p p e r s u l p h a t e / p o t a s s i u m
n i t r a t e •T o d e t e r m i n e t h e e n t h a l p y o f
n e u t r a l i s a t i o n o f a s t r o n g a c i d ( H C l ) w i t h a
s t r o n g b a s e ( N a O H ) •T o d e t e r m i n e t h e e n t h a l p y
c h a n g e f o r t h e i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n
a c e t o n e a n d c h l o r o f o r m ( h y d r o g e n
b o n d f o r m a t i o n )
U
NIT
-4:E
LECTROCHEMISTRY
•T o s t u d y t h e v a r i a t i o n i n c e l l p o t e n t i a l o f t h e
c e l l Z n / Zn
2+
| | C u
2+
/Cu with change in concentration of e l e c t r o l y t e s ( C u S O
4
/ZnSO
4
) at room temperature
1
145
8
81215
19
202426
30
31
C
ONTENTS
iii v
x
U
NIT
-5:C
HROMATOGRAPHY
•S e p a r a t i o n o f p i g m e n t s p r e s e n t i n t h e l e a v e s
( s p i n a c h ) a n d f l o w e r s ( r o s e , m a r i g o l d ) b y p a p e r
c h r o m a t o g r a p h y a n d d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f R
f
v a l u e o f c o m p o n e n t s •S e p a r a t i o n o f t h e c o n s t i t u e n t s
o f a m i x t u r e o f i n o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s c o n t a i n i n g
t w o c a t i o n s , P b
2+
a n d C d
2+
, u s i n g c h r o m a t o g r a p h i c t e c h n i q u e
UNIT-6 :T
ITRIMETRIC
A
NALYSIS
(R
EDOX
R
EACTION
)
•T o d e t e r m i n e t h e
c o n c e n t r a t i o n / m o l a r i t y o f K M n O
4
s o l u t i o n b y t i t r a t i n g i t a g a i n s t a 0 . 1 M s t a n d a r d
s o l u t i o n o f o x a l i c a c i d •T o d e t e r m i n e t h e
c o n c e n t r a t i o n / m o l a r i t y o f K M n O
4
s o l u t i o n b y t i t r a t i n g i t a g a i n s t
s t a n d a r d s o l u t i o n o f f e r r o u s a m m o n i u m
s u l p h a t e
UNIT-7 :S
YSTEMATIC
Q
UALITATIVE
A
NALYSIS
•T o d e t e c t o n e c a t i o n a n d o n e a n i o n i n t h e g i v e n
s a l t •S y s t e m a t i c a n a l y s i s o f a n i o n s •P r e l i m i n a r y
t e s t s w i t h d i l u t e s u l p h u r i c a c i d •C o n f i r m a t o r y t e s t s
f o r a n i o n s o f d i l u t e s u l p h u r i c a c i d g r o u p •P r e l i m i n a r y
t e s t s w i t h c o n c e n t r a t e d s u l p h u r i c
a c i d •C o n f i r m a t o r y t e s t s f o r a n i o n s o f
c o n c e n t r a t e d s u l p h u r i c a c i d g r o u p •T e s t s f o r
s u l p h a t e a n d p h o s p h a t e •S y s t e m a t i c a n a l y s i s o f
c a t i o n s •P r e l i m i n a r y e x a m i n a t i o n o f s a l t f o r
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f c a t i o n •W e t t e s t s f o r
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f c a t i o n s •A n a l y s i s o f G r o u p - z e r o
c a t i o n •A n a l y s i s o f G r o u p - I c a t i o n s •A n a l y s i s o f
G r o u p - I I c a t i o n s •A n a l y s i s o f G r o u p - I I I
c a t i o n s •A n a l y s i s o f G r o u p - I V c a t i o n s •A n a l y s i s
o f G r o u p - V c a t i o n s •A n a l y s i s o f G r o u p - V I
c a t i o n s •S p e c i m e n r e c o r d o f s a l t a n a l y s i s
34
3437
40
4045
49
515152565762636369697172757679818450
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