LABOR REQUIREMENT
definition of terms
=Area - refers to the size of the surface
=Fertilizer - any material added to the soil to support nutrient
=Germination- the development of the seed into a young plant
=Graph- a drawing in which the relationship between two (or more) items of information (e.g. Time and plant growth) is shown in
a symbolic way.
=Gross Income/Sales - the equivalent value of the product sold.
=Interest- is the corresponding value that will be added to the principal as payment for using money of the lender.
=Labor- refers to the work performed by farm workers in exchange for salary.
=Net Income- is the value remains after all the expenses have been deducted from the gross income or sales.
=Principal –refers to the amount you owed.
=Volume- is the content of a body or object
acronyms
MAD( Man Animal Day) refers to the number of day/s the work will be completed by
1 person and 1 animal.
MD-(Manday) refers to the number of day/s the work will be completed by 1 person.
PERFORM CALCULATION
It is important to be able to measure and calculate surface areas. It might be necessary to calculate, for example, the surface area
of the cross-section of a canal or the surface area of a farm.
This Section will discuss the calculation of some of the most common surface areas: the triangle, the square, the rectangle, the
rhombus, the parallelogram, the trapezium, and the circle.
The most common surface areas
The height (h) of a triangle, a rhombus, a parallelogram or a
trapezium, is the distance from a top corner to the opposite
side called base (b). The height is always perpendicular to the
base; in other words, the height makes a "right angle" with the
base. An example of a right angle is the corner of this page.
In the case of a square or a rectangle, the expression length (l) is commonly used instead of base and width (w) instead of height.
In the case of a circle the expression diameter (d) is used.
The height (h), base (b), width (w), length (l) and diameter (d) of the most common surface areas
TRIANGLES
The surface area or surface (A) of a triangle is calculated
by the formula:
A (triangle) = 0.5 x base x height = 0.5 x b x h ... (1)
Triangles can have many shapes but the same formula
is used for all of them.
SQUARES AND RECTANGLES
The surface area or surface (A) of a square or a rectangle is calculated
by the formula:
A (square or rectangle) = length x width = l x w ..... (2)
In a square the lengths of all four sides are equal and all four angles are
right angles.
In a rectangle, the lengths of the opposite sides are equal and all four
angles are right angles.
Note that in a square the length and width are equal and that in a rectangle the length and width are not equal.
RHOMBUSES AND PARALLELOGRAMS
The surface area or surface (A) of a rhombus or a parallelogram is calculated by
the formula:
A (rhombus or parallelogram) = base x height = b x h ..... (3)
In a rhombus the lengths of all four sides are equal; none of the angles are right
angles; opposite sides run parallel.
In a parallelogram the lengths of the opposite sides are equal; none of the
angles are right angles; opposite sides run parallel.
TRAPEZIUMS
The surface area or surface (A) of a trapezium is calculated by the
formula:
A (trapezium) = 0.5 (base + top) x height =0.5 (b + a) x h ..... (4)
The top (a) is the side opposite and parallel to the base (b). In a
trapezium only the base and the
top run parallel.
Some examples are shown below:
Some examples of trapeziums
EXAMPLE
Calculate the surface area of trapezium no. 1.
Given Answer
Trapezium no. 1: base = 4 cm
top =
Note that the surface areas of the trapeziums 1 and 4 are equal. Number
4 is the same as
number 1 but upside down.
Another method to calculate the surface area of a trapezium is to divide
the trapezium into a
rectangle and two triangles, to measure their sides and to determine
separately the surface
areas of the rectangle and the two triangles.
Splitting a trapezium into one rectangle and two triangles. Note that A =
A1+ A2 + A3 = 1 + 6
+ 2 =9 cm2
CIRCLES
The surface area or surface (A) of a circle is calculated by the formula:
A (circle) = 1/4 (¶ x d x d) = 1/4 (¶ x d2) = 1/4 (3.14 x d2) ..... (5)
whereby d is the diameter of the circle and ¶ (a Greek letter, pronounced Pi) a
constant (¶ =
3.14). A diameter (d) is a straight line which divides the circle in two equal parts.
ESTIMATING FARM INPUTS AND LABOR REQUIREMNETS
FARM INPUTS
seeds
seedlings
fertilizer
insecticides
FARM LABOR
Plowing using tractor
Clearing of the land using hoe
Plowing using animal
Harrowing using hand tractor
Preparation of Furrow
Trellis Preparation (for cucurbit crops)
Mulching
Digging Holes (for orchard)
LABOR REQUIREMENT IN PLANTING
production of seedlings transplanting
labor requirement for plant care
fertilizer application pest control
irrigation
weeding
harvesting
