EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER: 1,2013/14

EXAMINER(S): Fadhilah Abd Razak, Zarina Abd. Rahman

No. Solution Marks/Comments

1. u v w
(a) (i) (−2) r s t ½
x−r y−s z −t

r s t
R1 ↔ R2 (−)(−2) u v w
½
x−r y−s z −t

r s t
½, 1
(2) u v w = 2(−2) = −4
x y z

T
½
(ii) det  2( A) −1  = det  2( A) −1 
   

23 2 ½ ,½, 1
= 23 det ( A) −1  = = = −1
det( A) −2

(iii) det( A2 B ) −1 + det ( I 3 )

1
+ det ( I 3 )
det( A2 B) ½

1
+ det ( I3 )
det( A)2 det B ½,½

1 17
+ (1) =
(−2) (4)
2
16 1, ½

Page 1 of 9
 EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER:

EXAMINER(S):

No. Solution Marks/Comments

1 (b) Matrix is invertible if det A ≠ 0 1

0 k 1
2 4 2 3
2 3 4 = ( −k ) + (1)
5 7 5 6 1, 1
5 6 7

= (− k )(14 − 20) + (12 − 15)

= 6k − 3 1
since det( A) ≠ 0 ⇒ 6k − 3 ≠ 0

1
k≠
2 1
_______________________________________________

1 0
(a) T[ 0 ]
  , orthogonal projection on the x-axis
2 0 0 +

0 0
T[90 ]
  , orthogonal projection on the y-axis +
0 1

(b)

1 1
  3 1   −1 0
T[ 45 ]
 12 2
 , T1
 2 2  , T2

 0 1 
1 − 1 3  ++
2 2   2 2   

1 1
  − 1 0   23 1 
A =  12 2
    2 
 1 
 0 1  − 2
1 3
2 2  2 

1  − 1 1 1  3 1 
=     
2  − 1 1 2  − 1 3 

1 − 3 −1 3 − 1 
=  
4  − 3 − 1 3 − 1

Page 2 of 9
 EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER:

EXAMINER(S):

No. Solution Marks/Comments

3. (a) Condition 1:

 0 − d1  
Let A =   ∈W
 c1 d1 
and
 0 −d 2  
B=  ∈W
 c2 d 2 

 0 − d1 − d 2  
Then A + B = 
 c1 + c2 d1 + d 2 

 0 − ( d1 + d 2 )  
= ∈W
 c1 + c2 d1 + d 2 

Condition 2 :

 0 − kd1  
And kA =  ∈W
 kc1 kd1 

Therefore W is a subspace of M2x2

(b) Find a basis for W.

0 − d1   0 −1  0 0
A=  = d1   + c1    
 c1 d1  0 1  1 0
 0 −1  0 0  
Therefore basis for W are  0 1  ,  1 0  
    
And Dim(W) = 2 

Page 3 of 9
 EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER: I, 2013/2014

EXAMINER(S): Fadhilah Abd Razak, Zarina Abd. Rahman

No. Solution Marks/Comments

4. (a) (i) dim(P6) = 6+1 = 7 

(ii) dim ( M3x4) = 3x4 = 12 

(b) (i) rank ( A T ) + nullity ( A) = 2 + 3 = 5 

(ii) a basis for the nullspace of A

Let x2 = r , x4 = s, x5 = t ;
x1 − 3r + 2 s + 2t = 0, x3 + 6 s − t = 0; 

 x1   3r − 2 s − 2t   3   − 2   −2 
         
 x2   r  1  0   0 
Thus, x =  x3  =  −6s + t  = r  0  + s  −6  + t  1  
         
 x4   s  0  1   0 
x   t  0  0   1 
 5        

 3   −2   −2  
      
 1   0   0   
      
 0 , −6 , 1  form a basis for the nullspace of A.
 0   1   0  
      
 0   0   1  

(iii) a basis for the column space of A


{(1, −2,3, −3)T , (0,1, −1, 2)T }

Page 4 of 9
 EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER:

EXAMINER(S):

No. Solution Marks/Comments

5 (a) Consider p( x) = 1 − x + 3x 2 , q ( x) = x − x 2 .

(i) < p , q >= 0 − 1 − 3 = −4 ≠ 0, NO ,

S = {(1, 2), ( − 3, 4)} : < u , v >= 5u1v1 + 2u 2 v2


(b) Let u1 = (1, 2), u2 = ( −3, 4) Then v1 = u1 = (1, 2)

< u2 , v1 >
v2 = u2 − v1 
|| v1 ||2
1 10
= (−3, 4) − (1, 2) = (4, 5)
13 13 

let v2 = (4,5) || v2 ||= 5.4.4 + 2.5.5 = 80 + 50 = 130

v1 (1, 2)
q1 = =
|| v1 || 13 

v2 (4,5)
q2 = =
|| v2 || 130 

Page 5 of 9
 EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER:

EXAMINER(S):

No. Solution Marks/Comments

6. λ −2 −1 −1
(a) det(λ I − A) = −1 λ −2 −1 
−1 −1 λ −2

= (λ − 2)[(λ − 2) 2 − 1] + 3[ − (λ − 2) − 1] − [1 + (λ − 2)]  =
(λ − 2)(λ − 1)(λ − 3) − 2(λ − 1)
= λ 3 − 6λ 2 + 9λ − 4 = (λ − 1) 2 (λ − 4) = 0 

λ = 1, 1, 4 The eigenvalues of A are 1 and 4.

.

 −1 −1 −1  1 1 1 
   
(b) When λ1 = λ2 = 1 :  −1 −1 −1 →  0 0 0  
 −1 −1 −1  0 0 0 
   

x3 = r ; x2 = s; x1 = − r − s;

 x1   −r − s   − 1   −1  ;
       
So  x2  =  s  = r  0  + s  1  
x   r     
 3   1 0

2 −1 −1  1 −2 1 
   
 −1 2 −1 →  2 −1 −1 →
 −1 −1 2   −1 −1 2 

When λ3 = 4 : 
1 −2 1   1 −2 1 
   
0 3 −3  →  0 1 −1
0 −3 3   0 0 0 


x3 = t ; x2 = x3 = t ; x1 = 2t − t = t ; 

Page 6 of 9
  x1   s  1
     
So  x2  =  s  = s 1
 x  s 1
 3    

Since A is a 3x3 matrix and has 3 linearly independent

eigenvectors, A is diagonalizable. 

(c ) The eigenvalues of A5 are 1 and 45

0 1 1 1 1 0
 
7. 1 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 0 1 0 0
(a) M=  
1 1 1 0 0 0
 
1 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 


(i) Draw the directed graph D 

(ii) Find the number of 1- step and 2-step connections

from P3 to P5.

M 35 = 0 

1
 
1
0
M 2 35 = (1 1 0 1 0 0 )  = 1 + 1 = 2 
0
 
0
1
 

(iii) Determine all clique(s) of D if any.

{P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 } and {P1 , P2 , P5 } 

Page 7 of 9
7
0 1 1 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 
(b) 
(i) M = 0 1 0 1 0 
 
1 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 

(ii)
0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1  0 2 1 2 0
0 0 0 1 0   0 0 0 1 0  1 0 0 0 1 

M 2 = 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0  = 1 0 0 1 1
    
1 0 0 0 1  1 0 0 0 1  0 2 2 0 1
 0 1 1 0 0   0 1 1 0 0  0 1 0 2 0 


3+5 = 8
1+ 2 = 3
A= M +M 2 :2+3 =5
2+5 = 7
2+3 =5

(iii) A is more powerful than the others. The power is 8. 

Page 8 of 9
 EXAMINATION SOLUTION FORM

SUBJECT CODE: MATB 253 SEMESTER

EXAMINER(S):

No. Solution Marks/Comments

8. 2 1
A=  det( A) = 12 − 1 = 11
11 −1 = 19
1 6 

 6 − 1  114 − 19  10 7 
A − 1 = 19  = =
 − 1 2   − 19 38   7 12 

10 7  21 315  3  C
 7 12 15 = 327  = 15 O
       

10 7  16 195 13 M

 7 12  5  = 172 = 16 P
       

10 7   3  142  12 L

 7 12 16 = 213 =  5  E
       

10 7  23 258 24 X

 7 12  4  = 209 =  1  A
       

The term is COMPLEX 

Page 9 of 9