Heat and Mass Balance: Quadruple Effect Evaporator

P4= 87.223 kPa

V1 V2 V3 V4
F= 25.9465 kg/s T4= 369 K
XF= 0.232
TF= 385.15 K
T1’ T2’ T3’ T4’

U1= 1.416 U2= 1.067 U3= 0.704 U4= 0.390

kW/m2 K kW/m2 K kW/m2 K kW/m2 K
A1= 1577 m2 A2= 1392 m2 A3= 1392 m2 A4= 1392 m2

T1 T2 T3 T4
PS = 132.97 kPa
TS = 380.94 K L1, XL1 L2, XL2 L3, XL3 L4, XL4= 0.6249
λS = 2295.98
kJ/kg

Over-all Material Balance: At 1st Effect

F= L4 + V4 F= L1 + V1
Solid Balance: 25.9465 = 4.0784 + L1
FXF = L4 XL4 L1= 21.8681 kg/s
(25.9465)(0.232) = L4(0.6249) Solid Balance:
L4 = 9.6329 kg/s FXF = L1 XL1
(25.9465)(0.232) = XL1 (21.8681)
25.9465 = 9.6329 + V4 XL1 = 0.2753
2𝑋𝑙1
V4 = 16.3136 kg/s 𝐵𝑃𝑅1 =
100− 𝑋𝑙1
2(27.53)
𝐵𝑃𝑅1 =
Assume: 100−27.53
𝐵𝑃𝑅1 = 0.7598°𝐶
V1 = V2 = V3 = V4 = 16.3136/4 = 4.0784 kg/s
At 2ND Effect At 3RD Effect
L1 = V2 + L2 L2 = V3 + L3
21.8681= 4.0784 + L2 17.7897= 4.0784 + L3
L2= 17.7897 kg/s L3= 13.7113 kg/s
Solid Balance: Solid Balance:
L1 XL1= L2 XL2 L2 XL2= L3 XL3
(21.8681)( 0.2753) = XL2 (17.7897) (17.7897)(0.3384) = XL3 (13.7113)
XL2 = 0.3384 XL3 = 0.4391
2𝑋𝑙2 2𝑋𝑙3
𝐵𝑃𝑅2 = 𝐵𝑃𝑅3 =
100− 𝑋𝑙2 100− 𝑋𝑙3
2(33.84) 2(43.91)
𝐵𝑃𝑅2 = 𝐵𝑃𝑅3 =
100−33.84 100−43.91
𝐵𝑃𝑅2 = 1.023°𝐶 𝐵𝑃𝑅3 = 1.5657°𝐶

At 4TH Effect 1
𝑈𝑖
L3 = V4 + L4 ∆𝑇𝑖 = (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑛 − 𝛴𝐵𝑃𝑅)
1 𝑠
L4= 13.7113 – 4.0784 𝛴
𝑈𝑛 1
L4= 9.6329 kg/s 1.416
∆𝑇1 = (380.94 − 369 − 6.6804)
1 1 1 1
+ + +
1.416 1.067 0.704 0.390
XL4 = 0.6249
2𝑋𝑙3 1
𝐵𝑃𝑅3 = 1.067
100− 𝑋𝑙3 ∆𝑇2 = (380.94 − 369 − 6.6804)
2(62.49) 1 1 1 1
+ + +
𝐵𝑃𝑅3 = 1.416 1.067 0.704 0.390
100−62.49 1
𝐵𝑃𝑅3 = 3.3319°𝐶 0.704
∆𝑇3 = (380.94 − 369 − 6.6804)
1 1 1 1
ΣBPR = BPR1+ BPR2 + BPR3 + BPR4 1.416 + 1.067 + 0.704 + 0.390
1
ΣBPR = 0.7598+1.023+1.5657+3.3319 ∆𝑇4 = 0.390 (380.94 − 369 − 6.6804)
ΣBPR = 6.6804 K (since the ratio of 1 °𝐶 = 1 K) 1 1 1 1
1.416 + 1.067 + 0.704 + 0.390
 ∆𝑇1 = 0.660 𝐾 ∆𝑇3 = 1.3275 𝐾 𝑥 𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑃 = 4.187 (1 − (100) (0.6 − 0.0018(𝑇))) (𝑘𝑔 𝐾)
∆𝑇2 = 0.8759 𝐾 ∆𝑇4 = 2.3963 𝐾

T1’= 380.94 – 0.660= 380. 28 K Cpf= 4.2741

T1 = 380.28 – 0.7598= 379.52 K
Cp1= 4.2828
T2’= 279.52 – 0.8759= 378.64 K
T2= 378.64 – 1.023= 377.62 K Cp2= 4.3
T3’= 377.62 – 1.3275= 376.29 K
Cp3= 4.324
T3= 376.29 – 1.5657=374.73 K
T4’= 374.73- 2.3963= 372.33 K Cp4= 4.355
T4= 372.33- 3.3319= 369 K

At 1st Effect

F=V1+L1
V1=300-L1
FCPF(TF – T1’) + SλS = V1λ1
300(4.1877)(385.15-379.582)+S(2295.98)=(300-L1)(2241.17)
2295.98S=665355.87-2241.17L1
S=289.79-0.9761L1

At 2ND Effect

L1 = V2 + L2
V2=L1- L2
L1CP1(T1’ – T2’) + V1λ1 = V2λ2
L1 (4.2828)(380.28-378.64)+ (25.9465-L1)(2239.88)=(L1- L2)(2245.031)

L1= 12.9787+0.5014L2
At 3RD Effect L1= 21.93 kg/s
XL1= 0.2753
L2 = V3 + L2 V1= 4.02 kg/s
V3=L2- L3
L2CP2(T2’ – T3’) + V2λ2 = V3λ3 L2= 17.85 kg/s
L1 (4.3)(378.64-376.29)+ (L1- L2)(2245.031)=(L2- L3)(2252.71) XL2 = 0.3384
V2= 4.08 kg/s
L1= 2L2-L3
L3= 13.78 kg/s
XL3 = 0.4391
At 4TH Effect V3= 4.07 kg/s
L3 = V4 + L4 L4=9.6329 kg/s
V4=L3- L4 XL4 = 0.6249
V4=L3- 9.6329 V4= 4.15 kg/s
L3CP3(T3’ – T4’) + V3λ3 = V4λ4
L3 (4.324)(376.29-372.33)+ (L2- L3)(2252.71)=(L3- 9.6329)(2267.91) S=3.779 kg/s

L3= 0.5L2+4.849
Q1=SλS
Q1=3.779(2295.98)
Q1=8676.51 kW
L1= 2L2-0.5L2-4.849
2L2- 0.5L2-4.849=12.9787+0.5014L2 Q2= V1λ1
Q2= 4.0165(2239.88)
L2= 17.85 kg/s Q2= 8996.48 kW
L3= 0.5(17.85)+4.849= 13.78 kg/s
L1= 2(17.85)-0.5(17.85)-4.849= 21.93 kg/s
L4= 9.6329 kg/s Q3= V2λ2
Q3= 4.08(2245.031)
S=25.1739-0.9756(21.93) Q3= 9159.73 kW
S=25.1739-21.3949
S=3.779 kg/s Q4= V3λ3
Q4= 4.07(2252.71)
Q4= 9168.53 kW