A. With which philosophy do you associate the following quotations?
1. “Education is life not a preparation for life”. –Dewey
Progressivism
2. “Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself….” –Sartre
Existentialism
3. “Gripping and enduring interests frequently grow out of initial learning
efforts that are not appealing or attractive.”
Essentialism
4. “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well informed, and my own specified
world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take anyone at random
and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor,
lawyer, artist, merchant-chief, and yes, even beggar-man and thief,
regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and
race of his ancestors.” –Watson
Behaviorism
5. “Existence precedes essence.” –Sartre
Existentialism
6. “Life is what you make it.” –William Thackeray
Existentialism
7. “Listening in dialogue is listening more to meaning than to words… In
true listening, we reach behind the words see through them, to find the
person who is being revealed. Listening is a search to find the treasure of
the true person as revealed verbally and nonverbally…” – John Powell
8. “When a relationship is working, the act of communicating seems to flow
relatively effortlessly…” – Chip Rose
B. Upon which philosophy/ies is each program/practice anchored?
1. Back-to-the Basics movement
Essentialism
2. Conduct of National Achievement Test to test acquisition of
elementary/secondary learning competencies
Essentialism
3. Use of the Great Books
Perennialism
4. Use of rewards and incentives
Behaviorism
5. Use of simulation and problem-solving method
Progressivism
6. Learners learning at their own pace
Existentialism
7. Mastery of the 3 r’s – reading, writing and ‘rithmetic
Essentialism
8. The traditional approach to education
Essentialism
9. Subject matter-centered teaching
Essentialism or Perennialism
10. Student-centered teaching
Progressivism or Existentialism
11. Authoritarian approach to teaching
Essentialism or Perennialism
12. Non-authoritarian approach to teaching
Progressivism or Existentialism
13. Making meaning of what is taught
14. Understanding message through verbal, non-verbal and para-
verbal means
Linguistic Philosophy
15. Asking learners to draw meaning from what they are taught